经济林生态种植对石漠化区土壤细菌群落的影响

为探究经济林生态种植对石漠化区土壤细菌群落的影响,选取滇东南石漠化地区两种自然修复样地(灌草自然修复地和乔灌草自然修复地)和两种经济林生态种植修复样地(猕猴桃种植修复地和核桃种植修复地)进行土壤细菌群落结构和多样性实验。结果表明：灌草自然修复地和乔灌草自然修复地土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性低于猕猴桃种植修复地以及核桃种植修复地,在灌草自然修复地、猕猴桃种植修复地和核桃种植修复地土壤细菌群落中以变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门最丰富,乔灌草自然修复地土壤细菌群落主要以变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门以及拟杆菌门最丰富。乔灌草自然修复地主要作用菌种是酸杆菌属;灌草自然修复地主要作用菌种是放线菌门和嗜热油菌纲;猕猴桃种植修复地和核桃种植修复地主要作用菌种则分别是芽单胞菌门和绿弯菌纲。将不同修复样地下的土壤细菌与环境因子作相关性分析,结果表明土壤全钾和速效钾浓度随植被由猕猴桃种植修复地、核桃种植修复地到灌草自然修复地和乔灌草自然修复地的变化呈下降趋势,相比之下,土壤氮、磷、有机质、pH值在自然恢复后呈现出微弱的恢复趋势。     

辣椒秧苗种植对基质土壤真菌群落结构的影响

为明确种植辣椒秧苗前后土壤真菌群落结构差异性和相似性,分析辣椒种植对耕作土壤的影响,以云南丘北辣椒和观赏辣椒为试验材料,通过ITS rDNA测序技术对根际土壤真菌群落组成进行分析.结果表明,5个样本中共同含有的OTU数为55个;门水平下共获得7个物种种类,在4个辣椒样本中,子囊菌门Ascomycota为优势菌,相对丰度...     

土地覆盖对孟加拉国山区流域小溪和渗透水质量的影响

为了调查不同土地植被覆盖对水质量的影响,在孟加拉吉大港山区兰加马蒂的三个地区(Manikchari,Ghagra和Muralipara)对小溪和渗透水采集流动水样,进行化学分析。结果表明,在Manikchari地区,与自然植被和人工林混交植被相比,在成熟和幼年的石梓(Gmelina arborea)人工林植被流动的溪流水样中,SO2-、Ca2+的浓度和pH值较高 (p<0.05),Na+浓度较低。在Ghagra地区,与衰退的自然植被中的水域中采集的水样比较,在8年生的柚木(Tectona grandis)人工林水域流动的溪流水样中,有明显高浓度SO42-和K+、高传导率和高总溶解固体物,但HCO3-、NO3-和PO43-浓度明显较低。在Muralipara地区,与轮作地的渗透水中采集的水样相比,在自然植被和耕地混交地中采集的流动的溪流水样中,有明显高浓度的HCO3-、NO3-、Na-、k-、Ca2+和Mg2+,同时,其电导率和总溶解固体量也明显高于渗透水和轮作耕地管井水。表2参13。     

土壤真菌研究方法及人为干扰对森林土壤真菌群落影响研究进展

土壤真菌是森林生态循环的重要调解者之一, 与植物和细菌维持着重要的共生关系, 人为干扰会对森林土壤真菌产生影响。土壤真菌调查困难, 对调查方法依赖很大。文中从传统方法、分子方法及二者结合的方法对土壤真菌调查方法进行归纳, 并从传统和分子方法2个层面, 对人为干扰下森林土壤真菌变化的研究进行了综述。目前, 国外已开始利用分子方法对人为干扰影响土壤真菌进行研究, 多从林型转换、火烧方面入手, 对其他人为干扰措施下森林土壤真菌的研究几乎没有。从微生物学角度看, 森林受人为干扰而变化的内在机制尚不清楚。     

模拟氮沉降对山区水库消落带湿地土壤细菌群落结构的影响

为了解氮沉降背景下水库消落带湿地土壤微生物群落结构对氮沉降浓度差异的响应,以浙江长潭水库消落带落羽杉Taxodium distichum种植区的湿地土壤为研究对象,设置了3个氮水平即低氮(NH₄NO₃ 30 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)、高氮(NH₄NO₃ 60 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)和对照(不施氮肥)的模拟氮沉降实验,采用高通量测序技术,分析水库消落带湿地土壤细菌群落对氮沉降浓度差异的响应。结果表明：在氮沉降增加条件下,水库消落带湿地土壤细菌的Shannon指数和Chao1指数在低氮条件下都是呈增加趋势,比对照分别增加了5.54%和13.29%,而在高氮条件下,其值呈降低趋势,分别比对照降低了4.41%和6.64%。氮沉降增加明显改变了消落带湿地土壤细菌群落结构,在门水平上,土壤酸杆菌门Acidobacteria相对丰度随着氮沉降的增加呈一直增加的趋势,土壤放线菌门Actinobacteria的相对丰度随着氮沉降...     

带状采伐对毛竹林土壤细菌群落结构的影响

[目的]土壤微生物群落结构对外界环境变化敏感,不同的植被类型、气候类型、经营管理措施、土地利用方式、地形梯度等显著影响土壤微生物群落结构.本研究采用新的采伐模式对毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林进行带状采伐(采伐宽度为3、6、9、12 m,长20 m的采伐带),探究带状采伐措施对毛竹林土壤细菌群落物种组成...     

配方施肥对芳樟林土壤细菌群落的影响

通过16 S r RNA高通量测序方法,对优化配方施肥的芳樟林土壤细菌群落组成及多样性进行分析,结果表明,芳樟林土壤细菌群落主要富集酸杆菌门、变形菌门和绿弯菌门;施肥土壤样地中的ACE指数、Chao 1指数和Shannon指数明显高于未施肥土壤样地;在施肥与未施肥土壤样地中,中坡和下坡位置土壤细菌α多样性均明显高于上坡。     

氮输入对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落的影响

【目的】为梨园的合理施肥及可持续健康发展提供参考。【方法】以库尔勒香梨园0～20 cm土层土壤样品为材料,通过分析细菌群落物种组成的相对丰度、α多样性指数,研究了0、150、300、450 kg/hm²共4个施氮水平对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落的影响。【结果】电导率、碳氮比、全氮含量及硝态氮含量对门水平细菌群落的影响达显著水平,硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量、碱解氮含量、全碳含量、碳氮比及电导率对属水平细菌群落的影响达显著水平。施用氮肥后,放线菌门Actinobacteria、类诺卡氏属Nocardioides的相对丰度有所下降,且与土壤氮养分含量以及pH值显著或极显著负相关;施用氮肥后,厚壁菌门Firmicutes、异常球菌-栖热菌门Deinococcus-Thermus、己科河菌门Rokubacteria、A4b、动孢菌属Kineosporia的相对丰度有所增加,芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、盐单胞菌属Halomonas在膨果期的相对丰度在施用氮肥后有所增加,其中己科河菌门的相对丰度与土壤碳氮养分含量以及pH值有显著或极显著相关性,A4b的相对丰度与有机碳含量显著或极显著...     

李园杂草管理方式对土壤细菌群落和生态功能的影响

【目的】分析不同杂草管理方式对位于国家重点生态功能县的李园细菌群落结构和生态功能的影响,为李园土壤健康管理提供参考。【方法】以自然生草、人工生草、除草剂除草的李园和邻近天然槲栎次生林土壤为研究对象,提取土壤细菌DNA,对其ITS基因进行扩增,采用高通量测序和功能预测的方法研究细菌的多样性、群落结构及生态功能。【结果】不同处理OTU数量为2 012～3 522,细菌种类33门、108纲、242目、383科、667属。绿弯菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门为主要门类,在各处理中4个门的总丰度达到80%以上。多样性分析显示,天然林Ace和Chao指数显著低于李园的3个处理。群落组成和差异分析显示,天然林土壤酸杆菌优势比较大,病害细菌少,并有少量的有益细菌蛭弧菌;李园的鞘脂单胞菌相关病害的风险大,生草可在一定程度上提高芽孢杆菌等有益细菌的丰度,尤其自然生草比较明显。人工生草还有利于提高李园细菌的多样性,尤其是芽单胞菌的富集比较明显。使用除草剂的李园则主要富集了绿弯菌门的种类,而降低了苔藓杆菌的丰度。功能预测分析显示,土壤细菌新陈代谢最活跃,主要包括碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢等,涉及化能异养、纤...     

南亚热带不同树种人工林对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

目的 探讨我国南亚热带地区不同树种人工林对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响,为该地区实施人工林生态系统适应性经营策略的树种选择提供土壤微生物生态学方面的科学依据。 方法 采用PCR-DGGE技术,比较分析位于广西凭祥市中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心的4个乡土树种（马尾松、红锥、米老排和火力楠）人工林和外来树种尾巨桉人工林土壤（0～20 cm）细菌群落的丰富度、多样性和均匀度,并探讨了土壤细菌群落多样性与土壤理化性质因子之间的相互关系。 结果 5种不同树种人工林土壤细菌群落多样性之间无显著差异（p > 0.05）,其土壤细菌群落多样性与土壤全氮和全磷呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）。 结论 从土壤细菌群落多样性看,在该地区营建乡土树种人工林与外来桉树人工林的效果无明显差异。     

Study on soils under shifting cultivation and other land use categories in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

Soil samples were collected and analyzed from 25 sites of three hilly regions (Rangamati, Banderban and Khagrachari) for an understanding of the impact of denudation and land use on soils in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. There were natural forests, bushy land, slashed sites, slashed and burnt sites, and the sites prepared for shifting cultivation, one year after shifting cultivation and two years after shifting cultivation. The soils were generally yellowish brown to reddish brown, sandy to sandy clay loam, strongly acid, and well to excessively drained on steep slopes with considerable variation among the sites and land use categories. Bulk density was the highest in sites of one year after shifting cultivation (1.52 g·cm-3) and the lowest in forested sites (1.38 g·cm-3). Water holding capacities were, however, statistically similar in all sites. Organic carbon varied from 0.54% (slashed and burnt sites) to 1.55% (forested sites) and total N ranged from 0.05% (shifting cultivation for one year) to 0.13% (forested sites). Available phosphorus (Bray & Kurtz-2 P) was the maximum in forested sites (12.32 mg·kg-1), and it did not differ significantly in other sites. Contents of available Ca, Mg and K were also higher in the bushy lands and forested sites than cleared and shifting cultivated sites.     

Shifting cultivation effects on creek water quality around Barkal Upazila in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

We report the effects of shifting cultivation on water quality in 16 creeks investigated once in 2007 and twice in 2008 in 16 apparently similar small neighboring watersheds,each of 3 to 5 ha,at four locations around Barkal sub-district under Rangamati District of Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh.Concentrations of SO 4 2and K +,and pH in creek water were lower,and NO 3-N and Na + concentrations were higher in shifting-cultivation land compared to land with either plantation or natural forest or a combination of these cover types.Shifting cultivation effects on some water quality parameters were not significant due to change in land cover of the watershed between two sampling periods either through introduction of planted tree species or naturally regenerated vegetation.Conductivity and concentrations of HCO 3,PO 4 3,Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in creek water showed no definite trend between shifting cultivation and the other land cover types.At one area near the Forest Range Office of Barkal,creek water pH was 5.8 under land cover with a combination of shifting cultivation and plantation.At this area Na + concentration in shifting-cultivation land ranged from 32.33 to 33.00 mg L-1 and in vegetated area from 25.00 to 30.50 mg L-1 in 2007.At another area,Chaliatali Chara,SO 4 2concentration in a shifting-cultivation watershed ranged from 4.46 to 10.51 mg L-1,lower than in a vegetated watershed that ranged from 11.69 to 19.98 mg L-1 in 2007.SO 4 2concentration in this shifting-cultivation area ranged from 1.28 to 1.37 mg L-1 and in the vegetated area from 1.37 to 3.50 mg L-1 in 2008.     

Effect of shifting cultivation on soil physical and chemical properties in Bandarban hill district, Bangladesh

This study reports the effects of shifting cultivation at slashing stage on soil physicochemical properties at Bandarban Sadar Upazila in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. At this initial stage of ...     

Effects of shifting cultivation on biological and biochemical characteristics of soil microorganisms in Khagrachari hill district,Bangladesh

We collected soil samples from two representative sites at Aatmile of Khagarachari hill district in Chittagong Hill Tracts. One of the sites was under shifting cultivation and the other an adjacent 13-year old teak plantation. Both sites were in the same physiographic condition and same aspect with parable soil type, which enabled us to measure the effects of shifting cultivation on soil micro-flora. We studied soil physico-chemical properties and the biochemical and biological properties of soil microbes. Moisture and organic matter content as well as fungi and bacterial populations, both in surface and subsurface soils, were significantly(p ≤0.001) lower in shifting cultivated soils compared to soils not under shifting cultivation, i.e. the teak plantation site. The most abundant bacteria in surface(0-10 cm) and sub-surface(10-20 cm) soils under shifting cultivation were Pseudomonas diminuta and Shigella, respectively, while in corresponding soil layers of teak plantation, predominant microbes were Bacillus firmus(0-10 cm) and Xanthomonas(10-20 cm). The microbial population differences cannot be explained by soil texture differences because of the textural similarity in soils from the two sites but could be related to the significantly lower moisture and organic matter contents in soils under shifting cultivation.     

Clear felling and burning effects on soil nitrogen transforming bacteria and actinomycetes population in Chittagong University campus, Bangladesh

The effect of forests clear felling and associated burning on the population of soil nitrogen transforming bacteria and actinomycetes are reported at three pair sites of Chittagong University campus, Bangladesh in monsoon tropical climate. Clear felled area or burnt site and 15-21 year mixed plantation of native and exotic species, situated side by side on low hill having Typic Dystrochrepts soil was represented at each pair site. At all the three pair sites, clear felled area or burnt site showed very significantly (p≤0.001) lower population of actinomycetes, Rhizobium, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and ammonifying as well as denitrifying bacteria compared to their adjacent mixed plantation. From environmental consideration, this finding has implication in managing natural ecosystem.     

Community ecology and spatial distribution of trees in a tropical wet evergreen forest in Kaptai national park in Chittagong Hill Tracts,Bangladesh

We investigated the floristic composition, woody species diversity and spatial distribution of trees in a tropical wet evergreen forest in Kaptai national park in Chittagong Hill Tracks, Bangladesh. We recorded 25 families, 37 genera, 40 species and 1771 woody individuals in a 0.09 ha plot. Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae were the most speciesrich families, and Castanopsis, Ficus and Terminalia were the most species-rich genera. Bursera serrata Wall. ex Colebr. was the dominant species in terms of highest importance value(13%). Trema orientalis(L.)Bl was typically a light demanding species as it appeared in the top canopy with only one individual having the seventh highest IV, but had no regeneration. The expected maximum number of species(Smax) was 140,indicating that many species may invade the forest as the Smax is greater than the recorded total number of species. The nature of the disappearance and appearance of species in the present forest reflects instability of floristic composition. The values of Shannon's index H ′ and Pielou's index J ′(evenness) were 3.36 bit and 0.63, respectively. These values show moderately high species diversity as compared to other subtropical forests in the tropics. In addition, a sample area of 200 m2 in this forest would be sufficient for measuring the diversity indices H ′ and J ′,whereas the trend of J ′may indicate the rate of equality of individuals among the different species decreased with increasing area. The distribution pattern for the total stand was completely random. However, the dominant species showed aggregate distribution for small areas, but random distribution for large areas. The spatial association between species showed that the strongest positive interspecific association occurred between Streblus asper Lour. and Castanea indica Roxb.(ω =0.51). As a whole, most species were weakly associated with each other,of which 58% species associations were completely negative. The result of cluster analysis showed that species pairs were spatially independent at all or most small clusters; stands of species from all clusters are mosaics of complete habitat and pioneer habitat. All patches in this forest community have similar habitat and regeneration niches, which could be a phenomenon for a young growth forest. Thus, the existence of habitat and regeneration niches may be an important factor in the maintenance of diversity in this forest.     

孟加拉国丘陵地带桔园和灌木林地土壤物理性质的比较评价

The physical properties of soil on two hill slopes of 35% and 55% in orange orchard cultivated by the Mro tribe of Chittagong Hill Tracts （CHTs） were evaluated and compared with those of bushy hill forests. Soil samples were collected from three different depths （0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm）, digging three profiles in each land use for determining moisture content, organic matter content and particle density. Maximum water holding capacity, field capacity, dry and moist bulk density and porosity were determined only for the surface soils. Moisture content at all the soil depths was significantly higher （p≤ 0.05） in orange orchard than in forest on both the slopes. Orange orchard contained lower mean soil organic matter than forest on 55% slope, while it contained higher values on 35% slope compared to forest. The highest value of the above two properties was found at surface soil in both the land uses on both the slopes, decreasing with the increase of soil depth. On both the slopes maximum water holding capacity and porosity of surface soil and particle density at all soil depths were lower in orange orchard compared to those in forest. Field capacity values of surface soil did not show consistency in trend for the differences between the two land uses on both the slopes. Bulk density value of moist and dry surface soil was higher in orange orchard than in forest on both the hill slopes.     

Comparative analysis of some selected macronutrients of soil in orange orchard and degraded forests in Chittagong Hill Tracts,Bangladesh

Status of organic carbon （C）, total nitrogen （N）, available potassium （K）, calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P） in three different depths （0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm） on two hill slopes of 35% and 55% in orange orchard cultivated by the Mro tribe of Chittagong Hill. Tracts （CHTs） were evaluated and compared with those in degraded bush forests, through digging three profiles in each land use. The content of all the five nutrients was found to be higher in the soil of orange orchard than in the soil of forest. But the variation was not consistent for both the slopes. The content varied depth wise also, having the highest value in surface soil in case of both the land uses on both the slopes. A mean available K content was significantly higher in orange orchard than in forest on 55% slope, while it was lower on 35% slope. Surface soil contained the nutrients of K and Ca with the amount of 0.2905-mg·g^-1 soil and 3.025-mg·g^-1 soil respectively in the orchard, while 0.1934-mg·g^-1 soil and 1.6083-mg·g^-1 soil were respectively in the forest. Organic carbon and total nitrogen were found more or less similar in surface soil on both the land uses showing a slight difference. Available P was found only in orange orchard, and in forest it was too little in amount to detect by the spectrophotometer. The degraded forests were poor in nutrient content due to high rate of soil erosion, which would be possible to be improved by bringing it under tree cover as proved by the adaptation of orange orchard there.     

Deforestation effects on biological and other important soil properties in an upland watershed of Bangladesh

Deforestation occurs at an alarming rate in upland watersheds of Bangladesh and has many detrimental effects on the environment. This study reports the effects of deforestation on soil biological properties along with some important physicochemical parameters of a southern upland watershed in Bangladesh. Soils were sampled at 4 paired sites, each pair representing a deforested site and a forested site, and having similar topographical characteristics. Significantly fewer(p≤0.001) fungi and bacteria, and lower microbial respiration, active microbial biomass, metabolic and microbial quotients were found in soils of the deforested sites. Soil physical properties such as moisture content, water holding capacity, and chemical properties such as organic matter, total N, available P and EC were also lower in deforested soils. Bulk density and pH were significantly higher in deforested soils. Available Ca and Mg were inconsistent between the two land uses at all the paired sites. Reduced abundance and biomass of soil mesofauna were recorded in deforested soils. However, soil anecic species were more abundant in deforested soils than epigeic and endogeic species, which were more abundant in forested soils than on deforested sites.