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为更好地进行畜禽产品中微生物风险监管,构建一套覆盖畜禽产品全生产链的微生物风险监测评估和预警系统成为迫切需求。针对畜禽养殖、屠宰生产、储存和流通销售等环节,以肉蛋奶中常见微生物监测数据为基础,通过微生物风险评估模型和数学运算以及预警阈值和预警方法,结合BP神经网络等计算机软件开发技术,构建了一套涵盖基础数据库、风险评估模型和风险预警决策三大模块,面向企业、监管和技术机构三类用户的可视化风险评估预警系统,以期利用该系统对畜禽产品中致病微生物对产品安全性的影响和生产链中风险关键控制点进行分析,同时对畜禽产品中微生物风险状况进行实时预警,从而为畜禽产品质量安全有效监管和风险防控能力提升提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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沙门氏菌引发的食品安全问题一直是世界各国面临的重大公共卫生问题。屠宰环节是肉品沙门氏菌污染的关键风险点之一,欧盟及美国等均对畜禽屠宰环节中的沙门氏菌污染采取了系统、科学的风险监控措施,业已取得显著成效。这些组织/国家对屠宰环节畜禽胴体的取样计划、限量标准、检测方法等做了详细规定,并提出了检测不合格所对应的纠偏措施,并将沙门氏菌基底监测和风险评估作为制定控制技术规范的基础。鉴于我国生鲜肉品致病微生物监测、风险评估以及限量标准和法规的缺乏,屠宰环节沙门氏菌污染率较高,建议进一步优化畜禽屠宰环节病原危害监控措施,持续开展微生物例行监测和风险评估,研究制定适合我国现阶段的畜禽屠宰环节沙门氏菌限量标准和监测控制技术规范。本文旨在通过借鉴国际先进经验,为更好地保障国内畜禽产品质量安全提供参考。 相似文献
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影响动物源性食品安全的因素、危害与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
食品安全已成为人们高度关注的一个社会热点问题。本文阐述了影响我国动物源性食品安全的主要因素及其危害。针对质量安全问题提出了健全畜产品质量监督管理法规与标准,完善畜产品质量管理机制,改变质量监管技术落后局面、建立科学的风险评估体系和加速提升畜牧业产业化水平等相应对策,以控制和减少动物源性食品安全事故的发生。 相似文献
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随着贸易和运输物流网络的发展,动物和动物产品的移动更加快速和频繁,因而畜牧业面临的外源和内源性动物疫病传播风险日渐加剧,使得风险评估在动物疫病防控中的技术支撑地位和作用日益显现。本文概述了国际、国内和安徽省动物卫生风险分析应用现状,分析了在学科建设、制度建设、监测体系、人才队伍和经费支持方面存在的问题,并从构建重大动物疫病风险评估体系,完善动物卫生风险分析制度,加强人才培养,提升技术能力以及完善监测体系和大数据共享等方面,提出了加强和完善动物疫病风险评估建设的建议,以期为重大动物疫病风险评估工作的开展提供参考。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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