山东、辽宁、河北苹果蠹蛾分布调查研究报告

苹果蠹蛾[Laspeyresia pomonella(L.)]是世界上为害苹果和梨的主要蛀果害虫,被许多国家和我国列为植物检疫对象。该虫在我国现仅分布于新疆。英联邦昆虫研究所(Common-wealth institute of entomology,C.I.E.)(1951,1976)根据陈方洁、王飞鹏(1936)及胡经甫(1938)的记述,将我国浙江(奉化)、河北、湖北、东北三省(辽宁、吉林、黑龙江)、北平(北京)及新疆等8个省、市、自治区划分为该虫分布区,从而严重影响我国苹果及梨的出口和外销。为了查清该虫在我国的分布情况,首先核对并纠正 C.I.E.制图所依据的上述两篇文章的错误,同时在张从仲等(1984—1985)在山东、辽宁等8省市大面积进行的苹果蠹蛾性诱剂监测的基础上,于1991年4—10月在山东、辽宁、河北苹果和梨主要产区及出口基地继续进行苹果蠹蛾性诱剂监测、果园调查及剖果检查,结果均未发现苹果蠹蛾成虫或幼虫。到目前为止,此虫仍局限分布于我国新疆。     

警惕苹果蠹蛾向东传播

苹果蠹蛾是为害苹果、梨、沙果及桃、杏等果树且较难防治的害虫,我国将其列为外检及内检对象。1957年张学祖首次报道苹果蠹蛾在我国新疆有分布。以后陆续有学者报道:新疆发生普遍,为害严重。为了查清该虫在我国的分布为害情况,1984～1985年由农业部植物检疫实验所会同有关单位在甘肃、陕西、河北、山东、辽宁、北京等省市苹果产区,利用人工合成的苹果蠹蛾性诱剂进行疫情监测,     

金塔县苹果蠹蛾发生与综防研究

苹果蠹蛾(LaspeyresiapomonellaLinnaeus)又称苹果小卷蛾,国外原是欧洲南部果树的重要害虫,现已在世界50多个国家有发生。在我国1980年以前仅在新疆发生,1995年甘肃省酒泉市果树产区也发现其为害。本市金塔县农技站、县林业站于1995年、1997年、1998年在本县金塔乡、鼎新镇2郾1hm2果园内5点次挂苹果蠹蛾性诱剂,均未诱到该虫。2002年8月11日在芨芨乡芨芨村2组发现其为害。此后近3年来本站与县林业站技术人员通过性诱剂诱集、果园每2d1次观察、大范围普查等方法,基本查清苹果蠹蛾在本地发生情况。同时,进行了综合防治的试验、示范工作。1虫源…     

梨潜皮蛾及其防治

梨潜皮蛾(Acrocercops astaurota Mey.)是一种检疫对象,又叫苹果潜皮蛾、串皮虫,属鳞翅目细蛾科。据文献记载国外分布有朝鲜、日本和印度,我国也有部分地区发生。被害寄主有苹果、梨、海棠、沙果、秋子、山定子、木瓜、榅桲等共25种,其中以苹果、梨被害最重。文献记载还能为害柳、栎、板栗、胡桃等,但据作者调查为害柳、胡桃等枝条的不是梨潜皮蛾,迄今为止还未发现该虫为害蔷薇科以外的植物。 该虫以幼虫在寄主枝条或梨果表皮下蛀食,初期出现弯曲线状隧道(图1),后期隧道汇合,表皮剥离翘起(图2),     

苹果蠹蛾监测调查初报

苹果蠹蛾 Laspeyresia pomonella(L.)是毁灭性果树害虫之一,除为害苹果外尚为害梨、沙果、桃等多种仁果类果实。我国对内对外均列为检疫对象。到目前为止,我国仅新疆有其发生的记载,其他地区则未见报道。为进一步摸清苹果蠹蛾在我国的分布,农牧渔业部植物检疫实验所于1984—1985年会同全国植保总站组织甘肃、陕西、辽宁、河北、山东、青海、宁夏七省(区)植保植检站和北     

苹果蠹蛾及其近似种末龄幼虫彩色图解式检索表

苹果蠹蛾及其近似种末龄幼虫彩色图解式检索表苹果蠹蛾（Ｌａｓｐｅｙｒｅｓｉａｐｏｍｏｎｅｌｌａ）是世界上重要的检疫性害虫之一。以幼虫蛀果为害苹果、梨、桃、核桃等多种水果。该虫主要以幼虫随果实及包装物作远距离传播。对该虫进行检疫鉴定主要为幼虫和成虫。因此...     

苹果蠹蛾的发生现状、监测技术及防治方法研究进展

苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella L.)是一种严重危害苹果、梨、桃、杏的检疫性害虫,目前在我国局部分布,严重威胁我国苹果主产区。本文综述了苹果蠹蛾的发生现状、化学生态学研究进展、常用的监测技术方法以及主要防治方法,对苹果蠹蛾综合防控存在的问题及改进方向进行了讨论,以期为减缓苹果蠹蛾的扩散传播提供理论基础。     

新型信息素诱剂对新疆梨园蛾类害虫的诱捕效果评价

利用性诱剂干扰交配或诱杀钻蛀性蛾类害虫是果园害虫生物防治的重要途径之一,研发既诱雄蛾也诱雌蛾的新型诱剂近年来颇受关注。本研究在苹果蠹蛾性信息素基础上,加入寄主植物挥发物--梨酯、苯乙酮、香叶醇、冬青油和苯乙醇等制成若干配方,在南疆两地(库尔勒与阿克苏地区)梨园中于蛾类害虫发生的早期和中期进行诱捕试验。对苹果蠹蛾诱集结果表明,虽然与仅含性信息素配方相比,添加植物挥发物的配方可诱集到雌蛾,但诱集虫量较少。对梨小食心虫的诱集结果表明,在库尔勒,大部分配方诱到的虫量多于商品诱剂(对照),其中,在性信息素中添加少量植物挥发性物质的配方诱集的虫量总体较多;在阿克苏,所有配方诱集的虫量均多于对照,在性信息素中是否添加植物挥发物质对诱集效果总体上没有影响。对优斑螟的诱集结果表明,仅含2种性信息素物质的配方诱集的虫量最大,与加入少量梨脂的配方接近。果园诱集试验结果说明,在苹果蠹蛾性信息素中添加梨脂等多种寄主植物挥发物的供试配方诱集雌蛾效果不理想,但对多种混合发生的夜蛾害虫雄性具有较好诱集效果。     

苹果蠹蛾的监测调查初报

苹果蠹蛾(Laspeyresia pomonella Linn.)是毁灭性的果树害虫之一,除为害苹果外,尚为害梨、沙果、桃等多种仁果类果实。我国对内对外均列为检疫对象。自1957年张学祖教授正式报道在我国新疆有分布以来,新疆植保工作者对该虫的发生与防治等方面做了大量工作,对控制其蔓延也做出了重要贡献。近年来,新疆与其他省     

梨套袋对柑橘小实蝇的防控效果评价

2007-2009年连续3年在浙江大学果园监测柑橘小实蝇发生动态,调查其危害程度。结果显示,套袋梨区与不套袋梨区的柑橘小实蝇虫口数量和危害程度相差甚大,诱虫量后者比前者多5.35倍。2007-2008年套袋梨区在梨果采收前诱虫量很少,仅占总诱虫量的0.25%,盛发期在9月下旬-10月上旬,梨果几乎不遭受柑橘小实蝇危害;而不套袋梨区在梨果采收前诱虫量占总诱虫量的6.06%,成虫盛发期在8月中旬-10月中下旬,覆盖着梨果的整个转色至成熟采收期,采收期梨果受害率高达78%~95%。由此表明,采取梨果套袋和及时捡拾落果并加以妥善处理,能显著减少柑橘小实蝇对梨果的危害程度,推迟和缩短成虫盛发期,是控制柑橘小实蝇的安全、环保的有效措施。     

性信息素迷向丝对不同果树梨小食心虫的防控效果

2017年在宁夏果园开展了性信息素迷向丝(北京中捷四方生物科技公司生产的长效迷向丝,有效成分占30%)对为害不同果树的梨小食心虫的防控效果研究。试验地共5.5 hm~2,栽植有成龄苹果树、梨树和李树。试验区按树种设置3个处理区,3个对照区。处理区在边缘区域每株树平均悬挂3条迷向丝,内部区域隔树悬挂,每树悬挂1条迷向丝,悬挂高度为距离地面2 m。调查各树种全年诱蛾量、诱蛾下降率、蛀果率等指标,研究迷向丝对不同果树上梨小食心虫的防控效果,分析苹果、梨和李树分区域集中栽培下梨小食心虫为害特点。研究结果显示:3个处理区的诱蛾下降率均达96%以上,果实膨大期蛀果下降率均达50%以上,成熟期蛀果下降率均达57%以上,说明性信息素迷向丝对3种果树区域的梨小食心虫防控效果明显且稳定;不同果树区域梨小食心虫发生高峰期一致;梨园中诱捕的梨小食心虫成虫最多,说明其具有寄主选择性;李园蛀果率明显高于苹果园和梨园,李果实成熟采摘后成虫诱捕量减少,同时期苹果园与梨园成虫诱捕量增加,说明梨小食心虫具有迁移为害特性。     

单植和混植香梨园梨小食心虫的种群动态

梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)是为害‘库尔勒香梨’的主要害虫。本研究利用性诱剂诱捕器系统调查了不同栽培管理条件、果树种类和用药次数下梨小食心虫各世代的发生动态。结果表明:单植梨园全年成虫有5个高峰期,混植梨园成虫有4个高峰期。单植梨园和混植梨园梨小食心虫种群世代发生量不同,混植梨园中梨小食心虫种群世代重叠严重,发生数量是单植香梨园的4.02倍;单植梨园中管理粗放的河边梨园梨小食心虫发生较重,打药频繁的母本园发生较轻,梨小食心虫成虫第1～第4代峰期延迟8～28 d,属于迁入为害。研究还表明:在混植梨园中梨小食心虫产卵有8个高峰,幼虫孵化期有6个高峰,在世代发展中相邻峰值叠加,形成成虫期4个大峰。因此,研究不同栽培管理条件下梨园梨小食心虫的发生规律有助于对其进行科学的防治。     

苹果蠹蛾疫情防控阻截动态及思考

苹果蠹蛾近年来正从甘肃河西走廊向内地蔓延,形势十分严峻。甘肃省从保护本省苹果生产大局出发,自2006年以来采取一系列措施阻截苹果蠹蛾,全省设立了1300多个疫情监测点,开展了疫情普查,划定了疫区,设立了10个公路检查站,开展了防控行动,砍伐废弃果园,取得了明显的效果。但是,目前疫情控制工作仍面临一些突出的问题,如疫情人为传播严重、防控资金缺口较大、监测防控能力不足等。建议从4个方面加强今后的疫情防控工作：一是加强部省行政领导;二是加大各级对疫情防控的资金投入;三是强化疫情阻截和防控措施;四是进一步开展防控技术研究,提高检疫控制的效果。     

Control of the codling moth (cydia pomonella) in apple and pear orchards in Israel by mating disruption

Control of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by pheromone-mediated mating disruption, was studied in Israel using two types of dispensers: Shin-Etsu twist-tie (normal and long-life) and TNO matrix formulation (square wafers). Factors affecting mating disruption: initial pest population density, timing of the pheromone application, early season insecticide treatments and monitoring of the pest, were evaluated. Efficacy of mating disruption was assessed by comparing catch of males in pheromone traps located in pheromone-treated and chemically sprayed control plots. Fruit infestation during the season and at picking time was the major criterion to assess mating disruption. The preferred time for pheromone application was before the first flight of the moth. When pheromones were applied at a later stage, one or two early insecticide sprays had to be used to reduce the initial level of the codling moth population. In all tests, trap catch in pheromone-treated plots was drastically reduced as compared with respective control plots. In pheromone-treated plots where total seasonal trap catch (after pheromone application) was less than 12 males/trap, fruit infestation was less than 1.5%; zero trap catch resulted in 0.1-0.3% infestation. At high population levels, mating disruption was ineffective, with the rate of infestation at picking-time being similar in pheromone-treated and control plots. All the field tests indicated that mating disruption with either Shin-Etsu ropes or TNO squares can control codling moth infestations in apple and pear orchards, at relatively low densities of the pest, as efficiently as commercial insecticide sprays.     

苹果蠹蛾在中国的适生性分析

苹果蠹蛾是严重危害全球水果生产的一种重要害虫。本研究根据中国760个气象站点的气象数据和苹果蠹蛾生物学数据,综合运用CLMEX模型和ArcGIS分析相结合的方法,对苹果蠹蛾在中国的适生性进行分析。分析结果表明:苹果蠹蛾在我国的适生区域较为广泛。中高度适生区主要包括黑龙江、内蒙古、山西、宁夏、甘肃,吉林、北京、陕西、新疆、西藏的大部分地区,辽宁西部、河北西部和北部、青海北部、云南北部、四川西部、贵州西部及山东沿海地区。     

Resistance of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), larvae in Michigan to insecticides with different modes of action and the impact on field residual activity

BACKGROUND: The codling moth is one of the principal pests of apple in the world. Resistance monitoring is crucial to the effective management of resistance in codling moth. Three populations of codling moth in neonate larvae were evaluated for resistance to seven insecticides via diet bioassays, and compared with a susceptible population. In addition, apple plots were treated with labeled field rate doses of four insecticides. Treated fruit were exposed to neonate larvae of two populations from commercial orchards. RESULTS: Two populations of codling moth expressed two‐ and fivefold resistance to azinphos‐methyl, seven‐ and eightfold resistance to phosmet, six‐ and tenfold resistance to lambda‐cyhalothrin, 14‐ and 16‐fold resistance to methoxyfenozide and sixfold resistance to indoxacarb, but no resistance to acetamiprid and spinosad. The impact of the resistance to azinphos‐methyl, measured as fruit damage, increased as the insecticide residues aged in the field. In contrast, fruit damage in methoxyfenozide‐ and lambda‐cyhalothrin‐treated fruit was observed earlier for resistant codling moth. No differences in efficacy were found for acetamiprid. CONCLUSIONS: Broad‐spectrum insecticide resistance was detected for codling moth. Resistance to azinphos‐methyl, lambda‐cyhalothrin and methoxyfenozide was associated with reduced residual activity in the field. Broad‐spectrum resistance presents serious problems for management of the codling moth in Michigan. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluating sex-pheromone- and kairomone-based lures for attracting codling moth adults in mating disruption versus conventionally managed apple orchards in Pennsylvania

BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of different types of commercial sex‐pheromone‐ and kairomone‐based lures for attracting codling moth adults may vary under different pest management practices. The attractiveness of four types of codling moth (CM) lures (CM L2 Long‐Life^®, CM 10X Megalure^®, Pherocon CM DA^® and Pherocon CM‐DA Combo^®) was evaluated in commercial apple orchards either treated with sex pheromone mating disruption (MD) or only conventional insecticides (non‐MD) in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 2006 and 2007. RESULTS: CM DA Combo lure was most effective in terms of mean seasonal weekly moth capture as well as mean cumulative moth capture in MD orchards. In both years, the CM L2 lure was as attractive to adult moths as the CM DA Combo lure in non‐MD orchards. The CM DA and CM 10X lures caught significantly fewer moths in both MD and non‐MD orchards compared with the CM DA Combo lure. CONCLUSIONS: ON the basis of mean seasonal weekly moth capture as well as mean cumulative moth capture, the CM DA Combo and CM L2 lures were found to be significantly more effective for monitoring CM adults in both MD and non‐MD orchards. In contrast, the CM DA and CM 10X lures were not as effective in either type of orchard. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同生境果园梨小食心虫各代成虫高峰期差异

梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta (Busck)是桃、梨果园中最重要的食心害虫之一,仅依据往年的发生期和田间为害特征来指导防治具有滞后性。而性信息素具有高效、专一性强的特点,可用于准确监测其成虫发生情况,以此推测成虫的卵高峰期和幼虫初孵期,科学地指导防治。本研究在3个不同生境果园中,利用性信息素监测梨小食心虫成虫周年发生动态。结果表明:2019年在杭州余杭地区3个不同生境果园,包括越冬代在内,平地桃园和平地梨园的梨小食心虫成虫发生7代,而坡地桃园只有6代。成虫始见于3月中旬,终见于10月下旬;3个果园由于生境不同,同一世代梨小食心虫高峰期发生时间和各世代高峰期间隔时间不尽相同。因此在不同生境果园利用性信息素监测梨小食心虫成虫发生动态,有助于指导果园的适期防治。     

Spatial analysis of pheromone trap catches of codling moth (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cydia pomonella</Emphasis>) in two heterogeneous agro-ecosystems,using geostatistical techniques

From 2000 to 2002, local distribution and dispersion patterns of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), captured in pheromone traps were investigated in two heterogeneous agro-ecosystems (A and B) of the Molise region, in central Italy. The main objectives of this study were to determine the temporal and spatial variations in distribution and abundance of codling moth inside and outside apple orchards located in these study areas, and to evaluate the importance of the presence of several host plants in relation to the observed distribution. Trap catches of male moths were clumped during almost all sampling weeks. Spatial characterizations obtained by means of geostatistical methods illustrate that the high trap capture foci were confined to the productive apple orchards for both agro-ecosystems or in small groups of apple trees, and in the case of study area B, in a zone containing pear trees, service trees and walnut trees. Occasionally moths were found in traps installed outside these zones. Furthermore, the position of high male population foci seems not to change during a single flight period. The results obtained are discussed with respect to the improvement of Integrated Pest Management programs employed in apple orchards situated in heterogeneous landscapes. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.