猪链球菌的分离、16S rRNA鉴定及药敏试验

从湖南某猪场病猪组织中分离出6株细菌,通过培养形态、菌落特征、细菌染色特性、镜检、16S rRNA基因扩增及序列BLAST分析等系统鉴定,确定为猪链球菌,6株分离菌的16S rRNA基因序列与收录菌株同源性为99%以上。药物敏感性试验结果表明,分离细菌对头孢喹肟、先锋霉素、青霉素药物高度敏感。     

一株致仔猪关节炎粪肠球菌的鉴定

对1株分离自关节炎病仔猪的肠球菌进行鉴定。选用常规方法进行染色特性、培养特性观察以及药物敏感性和致病试验,然后利用Vitek-32全自动细菌鉴定系统进行生化特性鉴定,并用PCR方法扩增分离株的16 S rRNA基因,克隆并测序,与GenBank上登录的相关菌株及3个粪肠球菌标准菌株进行16 SrRNA序列比较、同源性分析并构建系统发育树。结果显示,该分离株形态及染色特性与肠球菌一致,对仔猪具有一定的致病性,并对临床常用的7种药物产生了耐受性;Vitek-32生化鉴定和16 S rRNA基因同源性分析及比对结果均显示其为粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)。试验证实了粪肠球菌可导致仔猪关节炎。     

1例猪金黄色葡萄球菌与猪圆环病毒2型和3型混合感染的诊断

2020年6月份,北京某猪场断奶仔猪消瘦、腹泻、皮肤发绀,继而病死,为分析该猪场仔猪死亡原因,对送检仔猪进行了临床剖检,通过细菌分离培养、形态观察、染色镜检、生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因测序对分离菌株进行分析鉴定,并进行了分离菌株的药敏试验;同时对采集的病料进行高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪圆环病毒3型5种病毒的荧光定量PCR检测。结果表明：4头病死仔猪猪圆环病毒2型、猪圆环病毒3型均为阳性,高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒均为阴性;病变组织分离到的菌株在营养琼脂培养基上呈金黄色、圆形、湿润的菌落,在血琼脂培养基上呈灰白色、大而凸起、圆形、不透明、表面光滑且周围有溶血圈的菌落,革兰氏染色镜检可见分离菌呈蓝紫色短链状球菌,生化鉴定为金黄色葡萄球菌,置信度为99%;菌株16S rRNA测序结果与金黄色葡萄球菌核苷酸相似性为100%;分离菌株对庆大霉素敏感,对卡那霉素、新霉素、头孢噻肟中度敏感。说明病死仔猪混合感染了金黄色葡萄球菌与猪圆环病毒2型、猪圆环病毒3型,药敏试验结果可指导该猪场进行用药方案的制订...     

仔猪雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌的分离鉴定及系统进化分析

为了解猪雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌（P ．rettgeri）的生物学特性、致病性及16 S rRNA基因系统进化关系,本研究从发生严重腹泻、血便的哺乳仔猪群的内脏器官中分离到1株病原菌,根据形态特征、培养特性、生化特性、16 S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定为 P ．rettgeri。小鼠攻毒试验证实该分离菌株对试验小鼠有较强致病力,哺乳仔猪回归试验可复制出与临床上相似的典型症状,并从发病死亡小鼠及哺乳仔猪中分离到攻毒菌株。系统进化分析表明,分离菌株与雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌系统进化关系最为密切,其16 S rRNA 基因序列与雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌代表菌株的同源性在97．3％～99．6％之间。药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对头孢哌酮钠、头孢噻肟钠、头孢曲松钠、头孢唑啉、头孢呋肟、头孢吡肟、阿莫西林、链霉素、氨曲南、诺氟沙星、左氟沙星、恩诺沙星、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、阿米卡星、链霉素和阿米卡星等多数药物敏感。本研究首次报道了雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌可以引起哺乳仔猪严重腹泻,提示在仔猪腹泻中应注意该菌感染的诊断、监测和防控。     

猪源产气肠杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

为了确诊天津市某规模化猪场送检病猪是否为产气肠杆菌感染,试验采集濒死仔猪十二指肠内容物,对其进行细菌分离培养、革兰氏染色镜检、生化试验、药敏试验,并特异性扩增分离所得菌株16S rRNA基因片段,测序后与GenBank进行BLAST比对。结果表明:该菌株为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,生化反应与肠杆菌科的产气肠杆菌属最相似,对头孢类抗生素敏感而对部分氨基糖苷类和四环素类抗生素耐药,16S rRNA基因片段测序结果与GenBank中产气肠杆菌相似性达99.9%。说明该分离菌株为产气肠杆菌。     

一株猪源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

为了弄清贵州省某猪场仔猪腹泻病原,试验采用细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化试验、16S rRNA基因的核苷酸同源性比较及构建系统进化树、药敏试验等方法对病料进行研究。结果表明:从贵州省某猪场腹泻仔猪病例中分离到1株革兰氏阴性杆菌,命名为GF株,该菌株与NCBI上大肠杆菌分离株的同源性为99.5%~99.9%,与大肠杆菌菌株84(登录号为MF399285.1)在同一遗传进化分支上;分离的大肠杆菌GF株对卡那霉素、环丙沙星和氧氟沙星高度敏感,对头孢曲松中度敏感,对其他药物低度敏感或不敏感。     

猪源肠外致病性大肠埃希氏菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为对陕西某猪场仔猪肺炎病例进行确诊,无菌采集患病仔猪肺脏,并进行细菌分离培养、生化试验、16S rRNA基因测序、小鼠致病性试验、药敏试验以及耐药基因检测。结果表明,分离到的菌株其培养特性和生化试验与大肠埃希氏菌一致,16S rRNA基因测序与大肠埃希氏菌的同源性为98%;小鼠致病性试验验证了该菌株的致病性;药敏试验显示该菌对氨苄西林、复方阿莫西林、庆大霉素、四环素、头孢噻呋钠、头孢他啶、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考和磺胺异恶唑等9种抗菌药物表现耐药,对替加环素、美罗培南和多黏菌素B敏感;耐药基因检测结果发现该菌携带sul3、tetA和TEM等耐药基因。研究结果确定了引起某猪场仔猪肺炎的病原菌,并对其生物学特性、耐药情况进行了研究,为临床诊断治疗提供参考。     

猪源棒状杆菌的分离及其16S rRNA基因分析

本研究从某猪场发病保育猪的脓肿肺脏器官中分离到1株革兰阳性杆状菌,并进行形态特征、培养特性、生化特性、药敏试验、致病性试验及16S rRNA基因克隆与序列分析。结果显示,分离细菌在兔血琼脂平板和马血清胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂平板有氧条件下生长良好,可以致小鼠死亡,对头孢类抗生素和喹诺酮类抗菌药敏感;系统进化分析显示,分离菌株与棒状杆菌属细菌遗传进化关系较密切,其16S rRNA基因序列与棒状杆菌代表菌株的同源性在91.7%~98.3%之间,表明分离菌为棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium)。     

引发仔猪水样腹泻的多重耐药、高致病性大肠埃希菌的分离与鉴定

近来,长春地区多个养猪场发生高致病性、高死亡率的仔猪水样腹泻,腹泻仔猪经多种药物反复治疗,均无疗效。试验从发病仔猪肠壁内膜分离到2株大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli),经鉴定,分离菌株为多耐药、高致病性菌株。将分离株进行生化试验及其16S rRNA序列的克隆、测序,并与GenBank中的序列进行对比,结果显示,分离菌株16S rRNA与GenBank登录的大肠埃希菌序列同源性达99%。动物回归试验结果显示,该大肠埃希菌能引起仔猪水样腹泻。药敏试验结果显示,常用治疗大肠杆菌病的药物如庆大霉素、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星等均对其无效。     

猪源停乳链球菌类马亚种的分离与鉴定

从江西省吉安市某规模化养猪场发病仔猪关节液中分离得到1株革兰阳性链球菌,对其进行菌落形态观察、生化鉴定以及16S rRNA序列分子测序鉴定,并构建系统发育树;对分离菌进行药敏试验和健康小鼠的人工感染试验。结果根据分离菌的形态特征、理化特性,结合16S rRNA序列测定与系统发育分析结果,判定为链球菌属的停乳链球菌类马亚种(Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp.equisimilis),并命名为JXJASD-1株。抗生素药物敏感试验结果表明,分离菌株对阿莫西林、头孢拉定、利福平表现较高的敏感性,对强力霉素、青霉素G中度敏感,而对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、红霉素、复方新诺明、磺胺异噁唑表现出耐药性;致病性试验结果表明,分离菌株对小鼠有强致病性。本结果将对江西省仔猪停乳链球菌类马亚种病的防治提供指导。     

貂源肺炎克雷伯菌的分离与鉴定

本研究从疑似感染肺炎克雷伯菌(Kpn)的病死水貂病料中分离得到5株革兰氏阴性杆菌,通过对其进行细菌形态学、培养特征、生化特性和分子生物学鉴定,确认分离得到的菌株为Kpn。16S rRNA基因序列分析结果显示:该分离菌株与已知的Kpn相应序列的同源性为100%;药敏试验显示分离株对头孢曲松和舒巴坦高度敏感。动物致病性试验显示该分离株对小鼠具有较强的致病性。     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

黑龙江省近几年频繁发生以多发性浆膜炎、关节炎、脑膜炎以及急性死亡为特征的传染病,为猪场造成严重经济损失,为了确诊是否有副猪嗜血杆菌感染,采集病死猪肝脏、脾脏和肺脏等病料,进行副猪嗜血杆菌的分离;对其理化特性进行鉴定,应用PCR方法对其16S rRNA基因扩增后进行克隆测序,将测序结果在GenBank上进行BLAST分析,把相近的基因序列应用DNAStar软件进行同源性和进化关系分析;用分离菌株进行药物敏感性试验,筛选敏感药物。结果分离出一种具有多形性的NAD依赖性菌株,经鉴定为副猪嗜血杆菌;16S rRNA基因进化分析结果表明,分离菌株与以往报道的副猪嗜血杆菌中国、日本和美国分离株属于同一亚群,而西班牙分离株属于单独的亚群;分离菌株对壮观霉素和头孢拉定高度敏感。     

Genetic diversity in fluoroquinolone and macrolide-resistant Campylobacter coli from pigs

The genetic diversity of 115 Campylobacter coli strains, isolated from pigs of 59 geographical distant farms in Switzerland, were characterized on the basis of their DNA fingerprints and resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Sequence analysis showed that the macrolide-resistant isolates had a point mutation in the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes (A2075G) and that the fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates had a point mutation in the gyrase gene gyrA (C257T). One fluoroquinolone-resistant strain had an additional transition mutation in the gyrB gene (A1471C). The flaA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping revealed that 57% of the isolates were genetically different. Point mutations in the 23S rRNA and gyrA genes could be found in both genetically distant and genetically related isolates. Additionally, isolates with and without point mutations were found within individual farms and on different farms. This study showed that the ciprofloxacin and erythromycin-resistant C. coli population present on the pig farms is not issued from a common ancestral clone, but individual Campylobacter strains have most likely mutated independently to acquire resistances under the selective pressure of an antibiotic.     

一起穿山甲疫情的病原分析

为了查明一起人工养殖穿山甲疫情的致病原因,应用病毒PCR检测和细菌分离的方法对2只前后病死穿山甲进行病原学检测。病毒PCR检测结果显示,未能从肺组织中检测到流感病毒、副黏病毒和腺病毒核酸。细菌分离结果表明,从2只病死穿山甲肺中各分离到1株优势菌株。细菌的生化试验、16S rRNA基因的序列分析表明,2株分离菌株均为摩氏摩根菌。小鼠的致病试验和分离菌的药敏试验结果表明,2株分离菌对小鼠有很强的致病作用,对新霉素、壮观霉素、阿米卡星高度敏感。     

Faecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase(NDM) producing Escherichia coli between piglets and pig farmworkers

A cross-sectional study on five organized pig farms was conducted to assess the faecal carriage of ESBL and blaNDM carbapenemase-producing E. coli in piglets and pig farmworkers. Faecal samples from piglets (n = 155) and pig farmworkers (n = 21) were processed for isolation and characterization of E. coli. A total of 124 E. coli isolates from piglets and 21 E. coli isolates pig farmworkers were recovered and screening for ESBL production showed that 44.4 % (55/124) of the isolates from piglets and 42.9 % (9/21) of the isolates from farmworkers were ESBL positive. The ESBL positive isolates from piglets and farmworkers harbored blaCTX-M and also co-harbored other beta-lactams, sulphonamide, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes. Diarrhoeic (50%, 49/98) and crossbred piglets (52.7%, 39/74) harbored a significantly higher number of ESBL producing isolates than non-diarrhoeic (23.1 %, 6/26) and purebred piglets (32%, 16/50) (p < 0.05). Piglets and pig farmworkers harbored nine and two carbapenem-resistant isolates, respectively. Interestingly, two isolates from piglets and one isolate from farmworkers harbored the blaNDM gene. The blaNDM positive E. coli isolated from piglets and farmworkers of the same farm revealed similar antibacterial resistance patterns, resistant genes, sequence (ST-167) and plasmid type (IncX3). In India, carbapenems are not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem resistant E. coli in piglets possibly originated from the human contact or common environment and is of public health importance.     

Limited genetic diversity of Aerococcus viridans strains isolated from clinical and subclinical cases of bovine mastitis in Slovakia

The Aerococcus viridans isolates from bovine mastitis in Slovakia were isolated and characterized by classical microbiological and biochemical, and molecular techniques including IGS-PCR and rep-PCR, ARDRA and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The substantial variability of antibiotic resistance patterns was observed. The majority of strains were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, the resistance to tetracycline was observed in 3 tested strains, resistance to lincomycin was found in 4 strains and practically all tested strains were sensitive to neomycin and ciprofloxacin. While variable at a phenotypic level, no significant genetic variability among A. viridans isolates was detected by molecular DNA based methods. The data obtained suggest that a few A. viridans strains spread among cow's population in Slovak farms.     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及oppA基因遗传进化分析

【目的】了解福建省猪场猪多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida,Pm）的流行及oppA基因遗传进化情况。【方法】本研究采用细菌分离培养、生化试验、16S rRNA PCR扩增测序、PCR荚膜分型、oppA基因克隆及相似性分析、动物回归试验等方法对分离菌株进行鉴定和分析。【结果】本研究共分离到10株菌,分离菌在血平板上形成淡灰白色、湿润光滑、奶油露珠状菌落;分离菌株能酵解蔗糖、果糖、麦芽糖和甘露醇,不能分解葡萄糖、枸橼酸盐、乳糖、硫化氢等,与多杀性巴氏杆菌生化特性基本一致;分离菌株16S rRNA序列与GenBank中登录的多杀性巴氏杆菌相似性达99.9%以上,10株分离菌均为多杀性巴氏杆菌;PCR荚膜分型显示,6株分离菌为荚膜A型,4株为荚膜D型;基于oppA基因的遗传进化树显示,10株分离菌均位于同一分支内;动物回归试验结果显示,在24 h内攻毒小鼠死亡率较高（21/30）,分离菌有较强的致病力。【结论】福建省猪场猪多杀性巴氏杆菌流行菌株的荚膜血清型主要是A和D型,且大部分菌株都来源于共同的祖先,本研究结果丰富了猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的流行病学资料,并为该病的防控奠定基础。     

Distribution of virF/lcrF-positive Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:3 at farm level

The distribution and persistence of pathogenic, virF/lcrF-positive Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were investigated in pigs and in the pig house environment during rearing to determine possible contamination routes of early infections. Based on Y. pseudotuberculosis-positive tonsils of slaughter pigs in our previous study, Y. pseudotuberculosis-positive animals were traced back to the farms. Eight farms were visited from 6-10 months later, and a total of 155 pooled and six individual faecal samples from pigs and 116 pooled environmental samples were collected for analysis by different culture methods. Four of the eight farms were found to be Y. pseudotuberculosis-positive. All positive faecal samples were obtained from fattening pigs, with prevalence varying from 5% to 71% on positive farms. Sows, boars and suckling piglets were Y. pseudotuberculosis-negative on all farms. Most Y. pseudotuberculosis-positive farms (three of four) were on a one-site production system, which had a higher prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis (5-26%) among fattening pigs than the all-in, all-out system (1-5%). All Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates belonged to serotype O:3 and carried the virF/lcrF gene on the virulence plasmid. Biotypes 2 and 3 were involved, the latter in one isolate and not being previously reported in pigs. Altogether 53 isolates from 16 positive samples were characterized with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Using SpeI, NotI and XbaI enzymes, four, three and two different PFGE patterns were obtained respectively. A total of nine different genotypes were identified when the profiles of the enzymes were combined. The most common genotypes were gIV, found on three, and gXII, found on two of the four Y. pseudotuberculosis-positive farms. The same genotypes previously detected in pig tonsils were present in pig faeces from the same farm, indicating that some Y. pseudotuberculosis strains can persist in the pig house environment.     

Campylobacter from sows in farrow-to-finish pig farms: risk indicators and genetic diversity

Sows have been identified as a source of Campylobacter contamination in piglets. We carried out a one-year study, in 2008, at 53 farrow-to-finish farms in Brittany, France, to determine the proportion of sows excreting Campylobacter. We also determined the genotypes of the Campylobacter isolates. Moreover, Generalized Estimating Equations including repeated effects were used to assess the association between management practices and farm characteristics, and risk of Campylobacter shedding by sows. Per farm, 10 feces samples from sows were collected from selected sites (maternity, service area, gestation area) on the farms. Campylobacter isolates were identified by PCR and typed by PFGE. Campylobacter was detected in 25.1% of the 530 samples from sows, and 67% of the 53 pig farms had at least one positive sample (of 10 taken). All the Campylobacter isolates belonged to the Campylobacter coli species. They displayed a very high level of genetic diversity, also inside farms and few genotypes were common to several farms. Warmer months, large farms, and individual housing for sows were identified as risk indicators of Campylobacter shedding by sows. A short delay between sampling and treatment of the samples should be considered, to improve the detection of the bacterium in the feces samples.     

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from pigs in Zaragoza (northeastern Spain)

A total of 142 stool specimens from pigs on 24 farms from the province of Zaragoza (northeastern Spain) were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. Samples were first analysed by routine techniques (formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain) selecting those microscopically positive for genetic characterization. Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were determined by a nested PCR-RFLP technique at the 18S ribosomal DNA locus and sequencing of the PCR-positive secondary products. Cryptosporidium oocysts were microscopically identified in the faeces of 32 pigs (22.5%) from 15 farms (62.5%). Infected animals included 23 weaned piglets (30.7%), 5 fattening pigs (11.9%) and 4 sows (16%). Diarrhoea was not detected in any of the infected pigs. The molecular characterization was successfully performed in 26 samples from 14 farms. Cryptosporidium suis was found in 10 specimens from 7 farms (nine weaned piglets and one sow) and the Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in 16 samples from 10 farms (13 weaned piglets and 3 fattening pigs). Both C. suis and the pig genotype II were concurrently detected on three farms.