钾素对冬小麦品质和产量的影响

通过对 2个冬小麦品种施用钾肥的试验 ,证明钾素能够提高开花后旗叶光合速率 ,提高旗叶中磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性 ,以及旗叶中可溶性蛋白质在开花前后的积累 ;增加了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量 ,延长了面团形成时间和稳定时间 ,改善了籽粒的营养品质和加工品质 ,提高了小麦产量。     

夏闲期种植不同绿肥作物对土壤养分及冬小麦产量的影响

为探明种植绿肥作物对关中土壤肥力及冬小麦产量的影响效果,在夏闲期种植光叶苕子（Vicia villosa Rothvar）、毛叶苕子（Vicia villosa Roth）、紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）和草木樨（Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.）等四种绿肥作物,以免耕休闲为对照,分析了冬小麦主要生育时期的土壤速效养分动态变化及其产量效应。结果表明,夏闲期种植绿肥的土壤速效磷、速效钾和碱解氮都有不同程度的提高,增加量主要受绿肥的养分含量以及生物量影响。与对照相比,种植并翻压光叶苕子、毛叶苕子、紫云英和草木樨,均可显著提高冬小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,冬小麦依次增产21.1%（P＜0.05）、24.3%（P＜0.05）、6.0%和11.6%。     

施肥对冬小麦生理特性和籽粒产量的影响

采用裂区设计,研究了品种和肥料对冬小麦叶片主要生理参数和产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,不同品种之间的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、籽粒产量有显著差异,但气孔导度、水分利用效率差异不明显。增施肥料提高了叶片光合速率,并且它与施肥水平和生育阶段有关。     

休闲期深翻覆盖对旱地小麦土壤水分运行及产量与品质形成的影响

为充分利用休闲期自然降水,提高旱地麦田土壤的蓄水保墒能力,达到“伏雨春用”的目的,本研究在山西闻喜县旱地麦田将休闲期耕作与覆盖相结合,采用大田试验方法研究了前茬小麦收获后15d或45d进行深翻,而后立即采取渗水地膜或液态地膜覆盖对旱地小麦土壤水分、产量及其构成、品质形成的影响效果,试图探索旱地小麦蓄水保墒技术新途径。结果表明,前茬小麦收获后45 d深翻较15 d可显著提高麦收后65 d至孕穗期100～300 cm土壤蓄水量,可显著提高播前至孕穗期0～300 cm总土壤蓄水量,且覆盖的蓄水效果可延续至开花期,以渗水地膜覆盖效果较好。前茬小麦收获后45 d深翻覆盖较15 d可显著提高穗数、产量、籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蛋白质产量,且以渗水地膜覆盖效果较好。此外,播前80～200 cm土壤蓄水量与穗数、产量显著相关;播前和开花期120～300 cm土壤蓄水量与籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、籽粒蛋白质产量显著相关,播前80～280 cm、开花期40～60 cm、100 cm、240～300 cm土壤蓄水量与谷醇比显著相关。总之,休闲期等雨后深翻并采用渗水地膜覆盖有利于提高旱地小麦土壤蓄水量,达到伏雨春用的目的;有利于优化产量结构,提高产量;有利于提高籽粒蛋白质品质,实现优质。     

播期对不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响

通过田间试验研究了播期对3个不同基因型冬小麦的籽粒灌浆特性、粒质量和产量的影响.结果表明:3个品种在灌浆高峰时,早播处理的籽粒干质量大于晚播处理的;3个品种的灌浆速率变化趋势均呈单峰曲线,‘济麦20’和‘豫麦49’早播处理的前期籽粒灌浆速率慢,后期快;而‘郑麦004’始终是前期快,后期慢,但差异不明显;3个品种的单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量及产量均有随播期推迟而下降的趋势.     

腐熟秸秆还田替代部分化肥对冬小麦生长、产量和氮素利用的影响

为冬小麦减量施用化肥,秸秆资源利用提供理论依据,开展了等氮条件下腐熟秸秆替代化肥对冬小麦生长、产量及氮素利用影响的研究。试验设置了等氮条件下不同比例腐熟秸秆替代化肥:腐熟秸秆替代20%(CR20)、50%(CR50)、80%(CR80)和100%(CR100)化肥,以常规施用化肥(CK)作对照,共5个处理。结果表明,与CK相比,CR20对冬小麦的生长、产量及氮素利用影响不显著。CR50、CR80和CR100的株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素a、总叶绿素、生物量、氮素吸收效率、植株氮素利用率和氮素积累量显著低于CK,产量分别比CK减少15.4%、21.9%和23.8%。结论表明腐熟秸秆替代化肥比例宜控制在50%以下。     

灌水对河西绿洲冬小麦产量及光合生理指标的影响

在河西绿洲生态条件下,研究了不同灌水处理对冬小麦产量及相关指标的影响.在冬水灌量相等的基础上分别在拔节期(J)、抽穗期(H)和灌浆期(F)设等量不等次、等次不等量共5种灌水处理,灌水量分别为J1650m3/hm2(W1)J、1200 m3/hm2+H1050 m3/hm2(W2)J、1050 m3/hm2+H1050 m3/hm2+F1050 m3/hm2(W3)、J750m3/hm2+H750 m3/hm2+F750 m3/hm2(W4)J、1050 m3/hm2+H750 m3/hm2+F450 m3/hm2(W5).结果表明:各处理间单位面积籽粒产量、穗粒数、千粒质量、水分利用效率(WUE)、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和叶片相对含水量(RWC)均存在着显著或极显著的差异.籽粒产量以灌水量最多的W3处理最高,适量减少灌水量可以提高WUE.不同灌水处理下影响产量的主要因素是千粒质量和穗粒数.产量与开花期Pn呈显著正相关,但与各测定时期的Pn均值呈显著负相关.株高、生物产量、千粒质量、穗粒数等农艺指标与Pn呈阶段性相关.Pn、Tr、Gs和叶片RWC的相关性随生育时期的不同而变化.     

Effects of long-term organic fertilization on soil microbiologic characteristics,yield and sustainable production of winter wheat

We investigated the soil microbiologic characteristics, and the yield and sustainable production of winter wheat, by conducting a long-term fertilization experiment. A single application of N, P and K (NPK) fertilizer was taken as the control (CK) and three organic fertilization treatments were used: NPK fertilizer+pig manure (T1), NPK fertilizer+straw return (T2), NPK fertilizer+pig manure+straw return (T3). The results showed that all three organic fertilization treatments (T1, T2 and T3) significantly increased both soil total N (STN) and soil organic carbon (SOC) from 2008 onwards. In 2016, the SOC content and soil C/N ratios for T1, T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those for CK. The three organic fertilization treatments increased soil microbial activity. In 2016, the activity of urease (sucrase) and the soil respiration rate (SRS) for T1, T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those under CK. The organic fertilization treatments also increased the content of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), the SMBC/SMBN ratio and the microbial quotient (qMB). The yield for T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of CK, respectively. Over the nine years of the investigation, the average yield increased by 9.9, 13.2 and 17.4% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, compared to the initial yield for each treatment, whereas the average yield of CK over the same period was reduced by 6.5%. T1, T2, and T3 lowered the coefficient of variation (CV) of wheat yield and increased the sustainable yield index (SYI). Wheat grain yield was significantly positively correlated with each of the soil microbial properties (P<0.01). These results showed that the long-term application of combined organic and chemical fertilizers can stabilize crop yield and make it more sustainable by improving the properties of the soil.     

水分和钾肥对冬小麦群体物质生产和产量形成的影响

为明确灌水次数和施钾量对高产冬小麦群体物质生产特性和产量形成的影响,分别于2006-2007、2007-2008年度在保定市和藁城市选用当地冬小麦推广品种(‘河农822’、‘石新616’)进行了灌水次数(0、1、2和3水)和施钾量(K2O 0、112.5和225 kg/hm2)的两因素裂区试验。结果表明:2年中越冬期和起身期的总茎数、越冬期的干物质积累量的方差不同质,其它各生育时期的总茎数、干物质积累量、籽粒产量及3个产量构成因素均方差同质。2年综合分析,4个灌水水平中以W2中后期的总茎数最多,而W3的总茎数下降;干物质积累量也随灌溉次数增加而增大,但不同时期不同灌水水平间干物质积累的差异显著性不同,总的趋势是不灌水的W0处理最低,W3处理最高;随着灌溉次数的增加,产量及3个产量构成因素的值均有所增加,但各个参数增加的幅度不同。由于3个产量构成因素相互作用,总的看来,W2产量最高,W0最低。生育中后期的群体总茎数、干物质积累量、产量及各产量构成因素均随施钾量增加而增加。不同施钾量水平比较,仅K0与K1的穗粒数差异不显著,而3个施钾量水平之间的其他产量构成因素及籽粒产量都是两两之间差异显著。由此可见,增施钾肥可以全面改善小麦的群体物质生产和产量构成因素,从而提高产量。综合本研究结果,在保证底墒基础上全生育期灌拔节期和抽穗开花期2次水,在氮磷配合适宜条件下施用K2O 225 kg/hm2,可以基本满足目前高产、超高产对水分和钾肥的需求,实现高产节水的双重效果。     

冬小麦产量形成过程模型及群体优化设计方法

为满足冬小麦生产管理这一要求,需研究冬小麦群体设计及产量形成过程模型构建的技术方法.本文根据冬小麦阶段生长发育特点,以均匀设计与栽培优化相结合的动态试验方法为基础,深入研究不同发育阶段干物质积累量对冬小麦产量及其性状的影响,利用逐步回归和经验判别相结合的方法,论述了基于干物质积累动态的冬小麦产量形成模型的构建过程;根据非线性优化理论,提出了以产量为目标的群体优化设计方法.按上述方法,用冬小麦品种"石家庄8号"在吴桥2年(2007-10-2009-06)的田间试验资料进行分析,结果表明:产量形成过程各模型(包括冬前茎数、拔节茎数、单位穗数、穗粒数和产量)的复相关系数介于0.92～0.97之间,进行群体优化设计后得出最优产量目标为9165.00 kg/h㎡的群体动态指标,所提出的群体设计方法可以满足生产决策中对群体设计的要求,试验方法可用于多因素、多水平作物生产模型的试验研究.     

腐熟秸秆替代化肥对冬小麦田节肢动物 群落结构与小麦产量的影响

通过开展等氮条件下腐熟秸秆替代化肥定位试验,研究不同施肥处理对冬小麦田节肢动物群落结构与小麦产量的影响,以期为化肥减量施用和秸秆资源化利用提供理论依据.试验共设置5个处理:单施化肥、腐熟秸秆替代20％、50％、80％和100％化肥.结果 显示:随着腐熟秸秆替代化肥量的增多,害虫数量呈现减少趋势,天敌数量呈现先增后减的趋势.以腐熟秸秆替代50％化肥为节点,除了害虫优势集中性指数,节肢动物群落各主要特征值均随着替代量的增多呈现先增后减的趋势.当腐熟秸秆替代化肥达50％及以上时,小麦各产量指标均显著低于单施化肥.结论 表明腐熟秸秆替代化肥比例宜控制在50％以下.     

氮锌配施对冬小麦氮利用、产量及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

以豫农202为材料,在大田条件下,研究氮锌配施对冬小麦不同生育时期氮吸收的影响,并探讨氮锌配施对冬小麦氮素利用率、产量以及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果显示:氮锌配施能够促进冬小麦对氮素的吸收,与单施氮肥相比,氮锌配施的冬小麦在开花期、灌浆期吸收的氮素较高,成熟期小麦茎杆氮素含量较低而籽粒含氮量较高.氮锌配施能显著提高冬小麦氮素利用效率,施氮90、180和270 kg/hm2分别配施锌肥15和30 kg/hm2,与单施等量氮肥相比,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素农学利用率分别提高4.8％～14.4％、1.4～9.8 kg/kg和0.6～6.4 kg/kg.氮锌配施比单施同量氮肥增产8.6％、10.5％ (N90),5.9％、14.6％ (N180)和5.9％、5.3％(N270),其中施氮180 kg/hm2配施锌肥30 kg/hm2的产量最高,显著高于其他处理.氮锌配施比单施同量氮肥提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,分别提高了8.3％、9.8％ (N90),11.4％、2.3％(N180)和6.9％、5.7％ (N270),其中N180Zn15的籽粒蛋白质含量最高,显著高于其他处理.N180Zn30在实现高产的同时可以显著提高氮肥利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素农学利用率,是比较好的氮锌配施组合.     

Integrated management strategy for improving the grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat

Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. The integrated management treatments were as follows: current practice(T1); improvement of current practice(T2); high-yield management(T3), which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management(T4) with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nutrient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m~(–2) with each treatment from T1(225 seeds m~(–2)) to T4(450 seeds m~(–2)). The sowing dates were delayed from T1(5 th Oct.) to T2 and T3(8 th Oct.), and to T4 treatment(12 th Oct.). T1, T2, T3, and T4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha~(–1), 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P_2O_5 ha~(–1), 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K_2O ha~(–1), respectively. The ratio of basal application to topdressing for T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 4:6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for T1 and at jointing stage for T2, T3, and T4. The P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. The K fertilizer for T1 and T2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing(at jointing stage) of K fertilizer for both T3 and T4 was 6:4. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. Treatment T3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha~(–1). Grain yield averaged across three years with the T4 treatment(8 892.93 kg ha~(–1)) was 95.85% of that with T3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with T1(7 305.95 kg ha~(–1)) and T2(8 381.41 kg ha~(–1)), respectively. Treatment T2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated treatments. The NUE with T4 was 95.36% of that with T2 and was 51.91 and 25.62% higher than that with T1 and T3, respectively. The N uptake efficiency(UPE) averaged across three years with T4 was 50.75 and 16.62% higher than that with T1and T3, respectively. The N utilization efficiency(UTE) averaged across three years with T4 was 7.74% higher than that with T3. The increased UPE with T4 compared with T3 could be attributed mostly to the lower available N in T4, while the increased UTE with T4 was mainly due to the highest N harvest index and low grain N concentration, which consequently led to improved NUE. The net profit for T4 was the highest among four treatments and was 174.94, 22.27, and 28.10% higher than that for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Therefore, the T4 treatment should be a recommendable management strategy to obtain high grain yield, high NUE, and high economic benefits in the target region, although further improvements of NUE are required.     

Improving winter wheat grain yield and water-/nitrogen-use efficiency by optimizing the micro-sprinkling irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate

Available irrigation resources are becoming increasingly scarce in the North China Plain (NCP),and nitrogen-use efficiency of crop production is also relatively low.Thus,it is imperative to improve the water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen fertilizer productivity on the NCP.Here,we conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the effects of different irrigation amounts (S60,60 mm;S90,90 mm;S120,120 mm;S150,150 mm) and nitrogen application rates (150,195 and 240 kg ha~(–1);denoted as N1,N2 and N3,respectively) under micro-sprinkling with water and nitrogen combined on the grain yield(GY),yield components,leaf area index (LAI),flag leaf chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation (DM),WUE,and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP).The results indicated that the GY and NPFP increased significantly with increasing irrigation amount,but there was no significant difference between S120 and S150;WUE significantly increased first but then decreased with increasing irrigation and S120 achieved the highest WUE.The increase in nitrogen was beneficial to improving the GY and WUE in S60 and S90,while the excessive nitrogen application (N3) significantly reduced the GY and WUE in S120 and S150 compared with those in the N2 treatment.The NPFP significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rate under the same irrigation treatments.The synchronous increase in spike number (SN) and 1 000-grain weight (TWG)was the main reason for the large increase in GY by micro-sprinkling with increasing irrigation,and the differences in SN and TGW between S120 and S150 were small.Under S60 and S90,the TGW increased with increasing nitrogen application,which enhanced the GY,while N2 achieved the highest TWG in S120 and S150.At the filling stage,the LAI increased with increasing irrigation,and greater amounts of irrigation significantly increased the chlorophyll content in the flag leaf,which was instrumental in increasing DM after anthesis and increasing the TGW.Micro-sprinkling with increased amounts of irrigation or excessive nitrogen application decreased the WUE mainly due to the increase in total water consumption (ET)and the small increase or decrease in GY.Moreover,the increase in irrigation increased the total nitrogen accumulation or contents (TNC) of plants at maturity and reduced the residual nitrate-nitrogen in the soil (SNC),which was conducive to the increase in NPFP,but there was no significant difference in TNC between S120 and S150.Under the same irrigation treatments,an increase in nitrogen application significantly increased the residual SNC and decreased the NPFP.Overall,micro-sprinkling with 120 mm of irrigation and a total nitrogen application of 195 kg ha~(–1) can lead to increases in GY,WUE and NPFP on the NCP.     

减量施肥对冬小麦休闲期农田杂草物种多样性及生态化学计量特征的影响

【目的】分析减量施肥对冬小麦休闲期农田杂草物种多样性及生态化学计量特征的影响,旨在为化肥农药“双减”政策产生的生态环境效应科学评价提供参考。【方法】以陕西杨凌曹新庄试验地冬小麦肥料试验为基础,设置不施肥（CK）、减量施肥（氮（N）、磷(P₂O₅)用量分别为165和122 kg/hm²）和常规施肥（N、P₂O₅用量分别为220和160 kg/hm²）3个处理,测定不同处理小麦产量及夏季休闲期农田杂草的生物量、株高、盖度、多度、频度、丰富度,以及藜、狗尾草和马唐的有机碳、全氮、全磷含量,计算植物多样性指标及生态化学计量比（C/N、C/P、N/P）,研究减量施肥对农田杂草物种多样性及生态化学计量特征的影响。【结果】与对照相比,减量施肥和常规施肥处理均对冬小麦休闲期农田杂草的生物量、株高、盖度、多度、频度有明显影响,冬小麦籽粒产量和杂草生物量增加;施肥处理藜和地锦草的株高和生物量均显著增加,其他农田杂草的株高和生物量总体降低。与对照相比,施肥处理苋的有机碳含量以及藜、狗尾草、马唐和葎草的全氮含量均显著增加,藜、马唐全磷含量显著降低。相较于常规施肥,减量施肥处理狗尾草全磷含量显著降低。与对照相比,减量施肥和常规施肥处理藜、狗尾草和马唐氮磷比和碳磷比总体显著增加,碳氮比显著降低。相对于常规施肥处理,减量施肥处理缓解了藜和马唐氮磷比的增加幅度。与对照相比,施肥处理的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数均显著降低;与减量施肥处理相比,常规施肥处理Pielou均匀度指数与丰富度显著降低。植物β多样性指数表明,常规施肥对小区植物多样性的影响最大。【结论】减量施肥和常规施肥处理冬小麦休闲期农田杂草的物种多样性均明显降低,但减量施肥处理缓解了常规施肥对农田杂草生物多样性和生态化学计量特征的影响。     

微喷水肥一体化对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

为探明不同微喷灌施氮方式对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响,以‘济麦22’为材料,在底施纯氮105kg/hm~2条件下,2016年春季设置追施纯氮45(N1)、90(N2)和135kg/hm~2(N3),每个追氮量采用微喷灌拔节期一次性追施(JS)和分别在拔节、孕穗、开花和灌浆期4次等量追施(4T)2种方式,测定冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率。结果表明:1)微喷灌条件下,随施氮量的增加,冬小麦产量先增加后降低,以N2处理产量最高;相同施氮量下,分次施氮处理产量显著高于拔节期一次性施氮,产量的增加主要由于显著提高千粒重;2)拔节期一次性施氮提高冬小麦开花期群体叶面积指数,而分次施氮处理灌浆期的叶面积指数显著高于拔节期一次性施氮,相同施氮量下分次施氮延缓灌浆中后期旗叶的衰老,从而有利于花后干物质积累和粒重的提高,但过多施氮导致粒重下降,总干物质积累量减少;3)不同施氮量处理间水分利用效率以N2处理最高,相同施氮量下分次施氮处理水分利用效率显著高于拔节期一次性施氮处理。综上所述,与拔节期一次性施氮相比,微喷灌采用分次施氮显著提高冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率,微喷水肥一体化N2处理下分次施氮为最佳的高产高效氮肥运筹模式。     

施肥对不同时期遮阴小麦光合、产量和品质的影响

为探究通过施肥能否减缓太阳辐射减弱对小麦生长发育及产量形成的不利影响,通过田间模拟试验,研究了不同生育期遮阴下施肥对冬小麦植株光合生理、产量和品质的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,遮阴设3水平,即不遮阴(S0,遮阴率0)、开花-成熟期遮阴(S1,平均遮阴率68%)、分蘖-成熟期遮阴(S2,平均遮阴率68%);复合肥(N-P₂O₅-K₂O)施用量设3水平,即100 kg·hm^-2(F1)、200 kg·hm^-2(F2)和300 kg·hm^-2(F3);硅肥施用量(以SiO₂计)设3水平,即0(R0)、200 kg·hm^-2(R1)和400 kg·hm^-2(R2)。结果表明：S1提高冬小麦开花-灌浆期旗叶净光合速率(Pn),S1和S2降低开花-灌浆期气孔导度(Gs)和灌浆期蒸腾速率(Tr),提高胞间CO₂浓度(Ci);S1和S2降低千粒质量、结实率、产量,减少籽粒直链淀...     

冬小麦品种河农859和河农326的光合性能 与子粒产量对水分的反应

以田间种植的河农８５９和河农３２６为材料，比较了需水特性不同的２个冬小麦品种的光合性能和子粒产量。结果表明，叶片的光合速度一般以河农８５９较高，但在刚灌水后的短时间内则以河农３２６的光合速率较高；河农８５９叶片光合速率受灌水的影响较小，在生育期间的变化较平衡，而河农３２６灌水与不灌水的处理间光合速率差别较大，且光合速率的波动明显。从产量性状分析，开花后灌１次水和不灌水的极水条件下以河农８５９产量较高，表明期耐旱性较强，而开花后保证充分供水的湿润处理则以河农３２６产量较高，且增产幅度较大，因此，河农８５９适宜在供水有极的条件下发挥其耐旱特性，争取较高产量，而河农３２６可用于供水充足条件下发挥高产潜力。     

紫色土施肥对冬小麦根系生长及产量品质的影响

在国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地长期定位试验小区上，研究了不同施肥对冬小麦根系生长、产量品质的影响。结果表明，施肥有利于小麦根系长度、根表面积的增加，根系活力的提高。有机肥配施化学肥料（MNPK）或NPK配施，有利于小麦获得较高产量。施有机肥或氮肥或磷肥或钾肥对小麦籽粒粗蛋白质、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量均产生一定的积极影响。有机肥配施化学肥料处理（MNPK），小麦籽粒品质得到进一步改善。     

施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收利用、土壤中硝态氮积累和籽粒产量的影响

为通过控制施氮量来实现高肥力条件下小麦的高产、高效、安全生产提供依据,以冬小麦品种‘藁8901’为材料,研究了高肥力条件下不同施氮水平对小麦氮素吸收利用、籽粒产量和土壤中硝态氮含量的影响。试验结果表明:在高肥力条件下,随着施氮量的增加,冬小麦的籽粒产量和植株吸氮量均是先增加后降低,籽粒产量和植株吸氮量均以N150最高,氮素生产力则以N0最高。在冬小麦的拔节期和成熟期,土壤NO3-N含量均随着施氮量的增加而增加,减少氮肥施入量能降低冬小麦拔节期和成熟期土壤0-100 cm土层中的硝态氮含量。施用氮肥能提高小麦拔节期和成熟期植株全氮积累量和土壤NO3-N积累量,但两者并非同步增加,土壤NO3-N积累量增加的幅度远远大于植株全氮积累量的增长幅度。在施氮量0-180 kg/hm2范围内时,植株全氮积累量有所增加,且土壤中硝态氮的积累量增加较为缓和;而在施氮量180 kg/hm2的基础上继续提高氮素用量,植株全氮积累量下降,而土壤硝态氮积累量却开始大幅度增加。据此综合考虑,冬小麦‘藁8901’的适宜施氮量应控制在150 kg/hm2左右。