论动物检疫与动物防疫监督的关系

当前,动物防疫法制理论界对动物检疫与动物防疫监督的关系,有两种截然不同的观点。一种观点认为检疫和监督是动物防疫工作的两个环节,各自独立、互不监督、一致对外（外指管理相对人）;另一种观点认为,动物防疫监督是“依法对动物防疫工作进行监督”,凡是“动物疫病的预防、控制、扑灭和动物、动物产品的检疫”中负有动物防疫行政法义务者,都要受到监督,主要监督管理相对人,当然也包括对动物检疫、防疫机构及其工作人员的监督。因为动物防检疫机构及其工作人员也负有动物防疫行政法义务。由于动物防检站和兽医卫生监督所都是畜牧兽…     

国内航空运输动物及其产品逃避检疫行为的类型及成因

在国内航空运输动物及其产品检疫监督工作中,会常遇到逃避检疫行为,大体有以下几种类型。1)无检疫证明:货主所运输的动物或动物产品没有任何检疫合格证明。2)证物不符:货主所持有的动物或动物产品检疫合格证明与其所运输的动物或动物产品在品种或数量上有差异。3)涂改检疫证明:货主在检疫合格证明上按照自己意愿更改内容,来达到货主预期的目地。4)证明混用:每种检疫合格证明都有其各自的用途及使用范围,《动物防疫证照填写及应用规范》中都有明确的规定。5)检疫标识不全:货主所运输的动物产品没有动物防疫监督机构加盖或加封的验讫标志。6)…     

浅谈新疆铁路运输动物及其产品的检疫监督

哈密铁路兽医检疫站是自治区动物防疫监督总站派驻铁路线上的4个检疫监督站之一，也是把住动物及其产品出入新疆的东大门的关口。随着国内畜牧业的发展，动物及其产品流动运输量逐年增加，动物疫病也随着流通而传播蔓延。要真正抓好铁路运输动物及其产品检疫监督工作，应从以下几个方面去落实：     

动物防疫监督中存在的问题及建议

近年来,随着动物及其产品流通贸易的发展,动物及其产品跨区域活动十分频繁,为便于动物及其产品、所有人、来源、去向、检疫出证人等在运输、经营过程中的监督检查,动物防疫监督机构对检疫的动物及其产品要依法做出处理,而处理的方式之一就是对检疫合格的动物及其产品出具检疫证明。现将动物防疫监督中发现的问题作一综述:     

浅议新形势下城区动物检疫监督工作

20世纪九十年代初，随着肉品市场的放开，兽医工作的领域逐步从单一的疫病治疗向包括产地、屠宰、运输、市场四个环节的检疫监督工作拓展，我市东城、西城、崇文、宣武四个城区作为人口最为稠密的地区和全市一半以上动物产品的消费市场，为加强动物检疫和监督管理，保证市民食肉放心，相继成立了动物卫生检疫监督站，     

动物防疫监督调查方法

动物防疫监督、检疫人员在实施市场监督检疫时,向货主和饲养人员询问畜、禽、鱼、肉等产品的来源、品种、数量及用途,了解产地防疫情况和有无疫情,运输途中动物有无发病或死亡;向货主询问畜禽、鱼肉等产品的屠宰(捕捞)原因、用途、时间、地点、方法及仓储运输情况,同时查验检疫证明和标志,核对畜禽或产品的种类、数量,注意有无涂改、伪造证明,使用过期检疫证明及标志或证物不符等,这是实施监督检查工作最重要的一步。调查询问应注意:要善于引导、启发,对动物来源、免疫注射情况、病史、饲养管理情况乃至粪便情况、生活环境、行为习惯等均作…     

论乡镇动物卫生监督分所建设

<正>乡镇动物卫生监督分所作为畜牧兽医体系的基层组织,承担日常动物及动物产品的产地检疫、动物卫生监督执法、动物产品安全监督管理等工作。如何合理建设乡镇动物卫生监督分所,对搞好动物产地检疫等工作十分重要。1队伍建设1.1根据《动物防疫法》和《动物检疫管理办法》等法律法规的规定,乡镇分所的动物卫生执法监管人员必须是经过登记的官方兽医。乡镇动物卫生监督分所要加强对辖区内官方兽医和协检员的管理,建     

动物检疫证明的问题探讨

目前，我国动物检疫证明有5种，即《动物产地检疫合格证明》、《出县境动物检疫合格证明》、《动物产品检疫合格证明》、《出县境动物产品检疫合格证明》和《动物及动物产品运载工具消毒证明》。这5种检疫证明的使用，增强了在产地、运输、市场等环节对动物疫病的监督作用，降低了动物疫病扩散蔓延的机会，有力地促进了检疫、防疫工作的顺利开展。但这5种检疫证明在实际应用中尚存在一些不妥之处，以下是个人的一些想法，希望与广大同行共同探讨。     

对跨省调运动物安全监管工作的思考

为加强动物检疫监督活动的管理,预防、控制和扑灭动物疫病,保障动物及动物产品安全,保护人民身体健康,维护公共卫生安全,根据《动物防疫法》、《动物检疫管理办法》的规定,县级以上动物卫生监督机构负责本行政区域内动物、动物产品的检疫及其监督管理工作,指派官方兽医对动物、动物产品实施检疫,出具检疫证明,加施检疫标志,可以根据检疫工作需要,指定兽医专业人员协助官方兽医实施     

动物及动物产品公路运输监督现状与对策

公路是动物及动物产品运输的一条重要途径,我国在一些主要公路干线上设立了临时公路运输检疫监督站(点),对运输动物及其产品的过往车辆进行查证验物、消毒等检疫监督。但随着公路运营能力的日益增强和各地对公路运输监督检查站管理上的差异,在公路运输监督检查中存在的问题也日益复杂。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.