德化县南埕镇森林城镇建设探析

根据德化县南埕镇森林城镇建设的现状,按照福建省"省级森林城镇"建设标准,以及造林绿化和旅游小镇建设要求,结合南埕镇森林城镇建设实际,科学规划建成区生态绿地,形成"一心、两带、多廊道"的主体结构。通过实施南埕城区绿化、通道绿化、村庄绿化、屏障绿化和生态文化等建设工程,构成点、线、面相结合的城镇森林生态体系。     

广东省森林小镇建设规划 —— 以佛山市南海区西樵镇为例

森林小镇建设是珠三角国家森林城市群创建的重要内容,为更好指导森林小镇建设,文章以 佛山市南海区西樵森林小镇建设规划为例,从规划定位、目标、布局、功能分区、森林生态、森林人居 环境、森林旅游、绿色水网、森林文化、生态标识等多方面明确了森林小镇的建设内容,打造“文翰樵 山,渔耕粤韵”的岭南生态旅游型森林小镇。建设规划的编制与评价指标体系以及镇街的实际情况密切 相关,未来应建立更为科学灵活的森林小镇评价指标体系,各镇街可根据自身特色优势,自主选择考核 指标,才能避免千篇一律的“森林小镇”。     

浙江省森林特色小镇建设现状及发展建议

森林特色小镇作为特色小镇的重要类型,是依托森林生态资源,以提供森林生态产品和生态服务为特色的综合创新发展平台。在国家大力推进生态文明建设的背景下,浙江省作为国内森林特色小镇建设的先行地区,目前已经命名了68个森林特色小镇。文章介绍了浙江省森林特色小镇建设的路径,分析了存在的问题。文章认为,森林特色小镇依托美丽乡村建设与林业产业转型升级,在促进林区经济发展与林农致富增收方面取得了一定成效,但也存在产业定位趋同、发展要素与建设需求不匹配等问题,由此提出立足特色多元化发展、建立相匹配的建设机制与评价体系等发展建议。研究结果可为浙江省乃至全国森林特色小镇高质量发展提供借鉴与启示。     

浙江安吉“两山”示范森林特色小镇规划研究

森林特色小镇是浙江省促进林业产业集聚创新和转型升级,以实际行动践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"发展理念的新模式和新载体。文中以浙江省首批创建的安吉"两山"示范森林特色小镇为研究对象,结合分析森林特色小镇的内涵、创建意义及其所带来的规划挑战,提出了以产业重构、功能植入、空间重塑、环境提升、文化再生为主要内容的规划编制体系,以期为我国的森林特色小镇建设提供借鉴与参考。     

森林特色小镇规划研究

森林特色小镇建设是发展森林生态旅游的一个重要方面。以浙江省安吉县"两山"示范特色森林小镇为例,从产业重构、功能植入、空间重塑、环境提升及文化再生等5个方面,概述森林小镇规划内容。在此基础上,对森林特色小镇规划进行研究分析,为加快生态旅游发展提供借鉴。     

基于区域特征分析的森林城市建设布局与工程框架——以湖北省咸宁市为例

采用区域特征分析的方法开展森林城市建设规划,在对湖北省咸宁市的生态格局、林业产业格局和森林文化特色等区域特征进行分析的基础上,确立了咸宁市森林城市建设"一心、五翼、二廊、三带、三区、多点"的总体布局,并构建森林生态体系、森林产业体系、生态文化体系和支撑体系四大工程框架。实践证明,这种方法可以使规划更加贴近实际,具有更强的可操作性。     

以资源为依托开发旅游市场

衡阳市的森林旅游资源开发利用，要紧紧围绕“建绿色生态、办绿色事业、创绿色文明”的总任务，以丰富的森林风景资源为依托，以不断增长的森林旅游市场为导向，构筑森林旅游产业的骨架。但由于衡阳森林旅游起步较晚，在森林风景资源保护与开发利用、文化内涵挖掘、市场定位、社会重视关注程度及经营管理等方面尚有诸多不足之处，有待进一步改进和提高。     

浙江海盐森林城市建设总体规划

城市森林是衡量城市可持续发展水平和文明程度的重要标志。文中分析海盐县环境经济概况和建设条件,提出森林城市建设的总体布局以及森林生态网络、森林生态文化、森林生态保护和森林产业建设规划体系,提出近期重点建设工程,为海盐县森林城市建设提供参考。     

广东省森林小镇创建的问题与建议

城市的生态问题越来越受到人们的关注,宜居的生态环境已深得人们的喜爱,为此广东省提出了创建森林小镇,以促进生态文明和谐发展,提高城镇整体竞争力,为人民安居乐业提供更优保障。通过阐述森林小镇的相关概念,并对广东省森林小镇建设现状和在创建过程中出现的问题进行了探讨和分析,给出合理化建议,以期为广东省森林小镇的建设提供参考和借鉴。     

贵州省金沙县森林城市建设探讨

森林城市建设已经成为生态文明建设的重要内容。在分析金沙县城市森林建设现状及主要问题的基础上,探讨了金沙县森林城市在森林城市生态体系建设、产业体系建设、文化体系建设和支撑体系建设等方面的主要建设内容,以期为金沙县森林城市建设提供参考。     

Measurement of the dynamic modulus of elasticity of wood panels

This study investigated the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of wood panels of Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Juglans mandshurica using the natural frequency measurement system of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results were compared with the static modulus of elasticity (E _S) tested by a mechanical test machine. The results show a significant correlation between E _S, transverse vibration DMOE (E _F), and longitudinal vibration DMOE (E _L). For all of these species, the correlation between E _S, E _F and E _L is more significant than the individual species, which indicated that the FFT method is universal. The correlations between E _S and sample’s density (ρ) are significant, but the correlation coefficient of E _S and ρ is lower than those between E _F, E _L and E _S. The E _S of wood is more accurately tested by the analysis based on FFT measurement than by the estimation based on density. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 126–131 [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(6): 126–131]     

Effects of flooding on growth of seedlings of woody riparian species

The effects of flooding on growth of seedlings were compared over a 7-month period (April–November) among six different woody species: Aesculus turbinata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Fraxinus platypoda, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Pterostyrax hispida, and Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Flooding reduced the shoot length of F. platypoda, P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata seedlings but did not affect that of A. turbinata seedlings. Among control seedlings, shoot elongation occurred once in A. turbinata and twice in F. platypoda and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata; the other species continued to grow from April to August. Among the flooded plants of all species, shoot elongation occurred only once at the beginning of the growing season. On August 25, flooding significantly reduced the number of developed leaves as compared with control plants except for A. turbinata. In the flooded plants except for F. platypoda, leaf fall began on June 30; in controls, by contrast, the number of developed leaves increased until August 25. Flooding reduced the total dry weight increment in all species. The survival ratio of flooded plants after the experiment differed with species. All of the F. platypoda and A. turbinata seedlings survived the flooding treatment, while only 20% of P. hispida and 30% of Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata survived. Flooding seriously affected the growth of riparian pioneer species including P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata. The effects of flooding on growth of the seedlings differed with the tree species because of differences in leaf-emergence pattern and physiological flood tolerance. The responses of tree seedlings to flooding reflected species habitats and growth patterns.     

大花葵花色苷抑菌功能研究

本项研究通过采用固体培养和液体培养的试验方法,进行大花葵花(Malvasylvestris)色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和黑曲霉的抑菌试验。结果表明:大花葵花色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用,而对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉没有抑制现象发生。在固体培养试验中大花葵花色苷随着浓度的增加,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制程度越大,当大花葵花色苷浓度为10g/L时抑菌圈平均直径为6mm,当浓度增加至30g/L时,抑菌圈平均直径为16mm。而且,高浓度的大花葵花色苷溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌有长时间的抑制作用。     

Technologies of liquefaction of bamboo and preparation of adhesive

The technology of liquefying processed-waste bamboo with phenol is investigated by single factor trials and an orthogonal design. We studied the preparation technology and properties of adhesives from this phenol-liquefied bamboo with formaldehyde (BPF). The results show that temperature has a significant effect on liquefaction. The effect of the mass ratio of phenol to bamboo comes second and the catalyst dosage within the range of 2%–4% is the least effective. The optimum conditions of liquefaction are as follows: a mass ratio of phenol to bamboo 3.5, a catalyst dosage of 4%, liquefying temperature 145°C and liquefying time 60 min. The liquefaction rate of bamboo reached 99.1%. For the preparation of the adhesive, a mass ratio of liquefied bamboo products to formaldehyde (37%) is 100 to 164.8–199.5, while the ratio 100 to 108.2 is the best. This adhesive has a lower curing temperature than that of normal PF resin. At a hot-press temperature of 130 or 140°C, this new adhesive provides excellent bonding strength of plywood. The most favorable temperature for hot-pressing is 140°C. __________ Translated from Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2007, 27(6): 65–70 [译自: 林产化学与工业]     

落叶松水浸液对胡桃楸幼苗生长的影响

A study was conducted to detect the effect of water extracts from different parts such as root, bark, branch and leaf, of adult larch, Larix gmelini, trees on growth of Manchurian walnut, Juglans mandshudca, seedlings and the allelopathy between the two tree species. Four concentrations （100 g. kg i, 50 g. kg^-1, 25 g. kg^-1 and 12.5 g. kg^-1） were prepared for each kind of extracts. Result showed that the water extracts with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the growth of collar diameter and increased biomass and root/shoot ratio of walnut seedlings. The water extracts from branches and barks with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the height growth of the seedlings, while those from leaves and roots slightly decreased the height growth of seedlings. The fact that application of water extracts of larch improved the growth of Manchurian walnut attributes possibly to the allelopathy between the two tree species.     

黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤呼吸的季节动态

[目的]分离并量化土壤自养呼吸和异养呼吸,探讨各自贡献率及其随季节变化的动态特征。[方法]采用壕沟法和气体红外分析法,研究黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率的季节动态变化、贡献率和环境影响因子。[结果]表明:栓皮栎人工林总土壤呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸均呈夏季速率高、冬季速率低。栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸及异养呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度均呈极显著指数相关,温度敏感性系数Q_(10)值大小为自养呼吸(3.40)异养呼吸(2.90)土壤总呼吸(2.45);栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸、异养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤体积含水量均显著线性相关;土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤电导率显著相关。土壤总呼吸和异养呼吸的温度敏感系数Q_(10)值均在冬季最大,夏秋季最小;而自养呼吸的Q_(10)值则呈相反的变化趋势。栓皮栎人工林自养呼吸和异养呼吸对土壤总呼吸的月贡献率为13.23%37.33%和62.67%86.76%,且自养呼吸的贡献率与土壤温度的季节变化规律相似。土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸与自养呼吸的CO2年通量分别为1 616.41、1 199.39、417.02 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。[结论]经过区分与定量化土壤总呼吸及其组分,确定异养呼吸为本研究区栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸的主要组分,作用于异养呼吸的生物与非生物因子均能显著影响整个森林生态系统表层CO_2总排放通量的大小,进一步为该研究区森林生态系统碳循环与能量流动的进一步量化研究提供参考。     

CONTROL TECHNIQUE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

The poplar bacterial canker caused by Erwinia sp is a serious disease spreading inmost parts of Northeast China,where poplars are cultivalted.The disease seriously infects thosepoplars belonging to section Aigeiros or the intersection hybrids of section Tacamahaca and section Aigeiros and their clones.Five fine poplar cultivars resistant to the bacterial canker have been ob-tained by screening tests.They are Lz_2(Populus simonii×nigra var.italica),A_(15)(P.×sp.)613(P.×sp.),A_(102)and A_(98)(P.simonii×sp.)T following chemicals are obviously effective,such as:50％DT germicide ,40％ XF-136 and 10％ C.C.M.A.or 12.5％ ramphencol and 50,000 ppm/mlvalidamycin,with which the stems or roots can be watered.     

对印度亚热带潮湿气候中的多种用途树叶作为草料的质量评价(英文)

多种用途树种和灌木在农业系统中有重要的作用,在减少饲料供求矛盾和补充世界各地饲料赤字,提高动物生产力方面有很大的潜力。同时,评价草料各种营养特性,利于生产定量平衡的饲料。评价12种多种用途树种(Acacia auri-culiformis,Albizzia procera,Dalbergia sissoo,Gliricidia macu-lata,Leucaena leucocephala,Samanea saman,Azadirachta in-dica,Eucalyptus hybrida,Gmelina arborea,Michelia champaca,Morus alba,和Tectona grandis)的树叶的营养特性,其中分别包括6种豆科和非豆科树种,指标包括:常规成分,细胞壁成分,总鞣质含量,大量(Ca和P)与微量元素(Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn和Co)含量,干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率以及代谢能量值。结果表明上述各参数都有明显的差异。有机物,粗蛋白质含量,石油醚提取物总量,粗纤维含量,无氮浸出物,总灰分的平均值分别为:(92.02±0.30)%,(16.00±0.74)%,(3.05±0.13)%,(18.97±1.07)%,(54.00±1.12)%和(7.98±0.30)%。豆科树种较非豆科树种有更高的粗蛋白质含量(18.30%和13.70%)。细胞壁成分中的中性洗涤纤维素,酸性洗涤纤维,半纤维,纤维素,酸性木质素含量平均值分别为:(52.48±1.05)%,(31.72±0.97)%,(20.76±0.88)%,(16.97±0.70)%和(9.57±0.62)%。总鞣质含量为(4.22±0.32)%。Ca与P之比合理,多种树种叶中Fe和Mn含量丰富,P,Cu,Zn和Co水平低于标准水平含量。干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率平均值分别为(48.96±1.30)%和(50.69±1.36)%。代谢能量值为(6.95±0.11)MJ·kg-1。粗蛋白质含量与干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率和代谢能量值成正相关;而这三个参数与中性洗涤纤维素,酸性洗涤纤维,和酸性木质素含量成负相关。结果表明:银合欢可作为优良饲料的树种,因为它具有最高的干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率以及代谢能量值(65.20%,67.66%和7.95MJ·kg-1),而Gliricidia maculata,Morus alba,Azadirachta indica,Dalbergia sissoo和Samanea saman可做较好类型饲料的树种,其它树种做饲料质量差。     

Distribution of gymnemic acid in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre

The gymnemic acid contents in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre were investigated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results shows that the content of gymnemic acid in various organs, obviously different, was 54.29, 31.66, 28.82, 27.67, 25.39, 20.56 and 1.31 mg·g⁻¹ DW in shoot tips, flowers, nodes, leaves, internodes, roots and seeds, respectively. The highest gymnemic acid content (54.29 mg·g⁻¹ DW) was found in shoot tip, 1.96 fold higher than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g⁻¹ DW). Maximum quantity of gymnemic acid (35.39 mg·g⁻¹ DW) was observed in the young leaves, which was 1.52 times higher than that in old leaves (23.07 mg·g⁻¹ DW). The content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old internodes was 26.47, 25.77 and 23.94 mg·g⁻¹ DW, respectively, all lower than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g⁻¹ DW), whereas the content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old nodes was 27.96, 28.81 and 29.66 mg·g⁻¹ DW, respectively, all higher than that in leaves. The study provides the scientific evidences for the rational development and utilization of Gymnema sylvestre resources, since over exploitation of natural stands has caused depletion of these plants in nature. Foundation project: This work was supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi (No. 33-88/2007 (SR))     

Evaluation of the level of threat and protective classification of the vegetation of Makehe Forest in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, west China

After investigating and studying the vegetation, we have established that Makehe Forest, in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, Qinghai Province, is host to a total of 364 different species, representing 173 “genera” in 55 different vegetative families. We propose five quantifiable indices for evaluating the level of threat to these plants: 1) the distribution frequency of the “line transect”; 2) the distribution frequency of sample plots; 3) the distribution density inside sample plots; 4) the existing abundance in the forest region; and 5) plant fidelity. The results show that there are two endangered species, six vulnerable species, 12 nearly threatened species and 344 safe species. The study tried to evaluate the urgency for conserving these plants, according to coefficients of closeness to disappearance, of genetic loss and of usefulness. Results also showed that the number of species of primary concern is two; of secondary concern, nine; of the third level, 23; and of least concern, 330 species. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 20–25 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]