近红外光谱法测定毛竹综纤维素的含量研究

研究了用近红外光谱(NIR)结合多变量统计分析技术对毛竹综纤维素含量的快速测定。用常规实验室方法测定了54个竹材样品的综纤维素含量,用近红外光谱仪采集相应样品的光谱,对原始光谱进行二阶导数和25点平滑预处理后,从54个竹材样品中挑选41个代表性的样品建模,选择1011~1675nm和1930~2488nm波段区间,用偏最小二乘法(PLS1)和完全交互验证方式建立毛竹综纤维素含量的预测模型。结果表明,毛竹综纤维素含量和近红外光谱之间存在非常好的相关性,预测模型的相关系数(RP)为0.95,预测模型的标准偏差(SEP)为0.76%。     

热处理对毛竹竹材颜色变化的影响

在空气介质中对毛竹竹材进行热处理,探讨热处理温度(100~220℃)和时间(1~4 h)对竹材材色的影响。结果表明:热处理温度和时间对竹材材色的明度L*、红绿轴色度指数a*和黄蓝轴色度指数b*均有显著影响;随着热处理温度的升高和时间的延长,热处理竹材的总体色差△E*加剧。     

饱和蒸汽热处理工艺对毛竹材理化性能及防霉性能的影响北大核心

采用热处理温度为140、160、180℃,热处理时间为20、25、30 min的饱和蒸汽热对毛竹材进行高温改性处理,分析了不同热处理工艺对毛竹材化学成分、结晶度和力学性能的影响,对比了不同热处理工艺条件下毛竹材的防霉效果。结果表明:1)热处理温度在140℃时,竹材中化学成分变化不大。当热处理温度在160℃以上时,竹材中半纤维素和纤维素的含量随热处理时间增加而减少,木质素相对含量呈上升趋势;2)热处理温度和时间都对竹材样品的结晶度有积极的影响;3)热处理温度在140℃时,竹材的弹性模量和静曲强度均比未处理时增加。随着热处理温度的升高和时间的延长,竹材的弹性模量和静曲强度下降,力学性能呈下降趋势。在180℃处理30 min后,处理材的弹性模量和静曲强度较未处理材降低23.15%和19.00%;4)饱和蒸汽热处理竹材的防霉能力与未处理材相比均有提高;热处理温度对竹材的防霉性能的影响大于热处理时间;经180℃处理30 min的竹材其霉变速度最慢,防霉效果最好。     

近红外光谱法快速测定制浆材化学成分含量

为实现制浆材化学成分含量的快速测定与实时分析,用常规方法测定了120个制浆材样品的综纤维素、聚戊糖、酸不溶木素及苯醇抽出物含量,并采集了样品的近红外光谱。对原始光谱进行多元散射校正后,运用偏最小二乘法和交互验证的方法,根据主成分数与PRESS值的关系,确定最佳主成分数分别为9,10,8,9,据此建立样品相关化学成分含量的校正模型。独立验证中综纤维素、聚戊糖、酸不溶木素和苯醇抽出物模型的决定系数R2val分别为0.918 8,0.949 3,0.946 6和0.928 4,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.70%,0.75%,0.72%和0.24%,相对分析误差(RPD)值分别为3.50,4.44,4.33和3.74,绝对偏差(AD)分别为-0.95%~1.22%,-1.42%~1.29%,-1.39%~1.14%和-0.34%~0.39%,4个校正模型较好地预测了验证集样品的化学成分含量,基本满足制浆造纸工业中快速测定的需求。     

中低温热处理对竹材材性的影响

采用温度为75、105、135℃,时间为30min的热处理工艺对毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)材进行处理,分析不同热处理温度对毛竹材性能的影响。研究表明:随着热处理温度的升高,纤维素含量先上升后下降,综纤维素含量下降,木质素含量变化不大,略有下降。密度先上升后下降,干缩率呈下降趋势。顺纹静曲强度和顺纹抗压强度呈下降趋势,抗弯弹性模量变化较少。     

漂白和热处理竹材的表面性能

通过接触角测定仪、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)探讨毛竹经漂白和热处理后的表面自由能、表面元素和化学成分变化,并与未处理材料进行对比.结果表明:漂白和热处理后的竹材表面润湿性能提高,碳原子的氧化程度和表面羰基数目增加;漂白竹材的表面润湿性能低于热处理竹材,表面氧化程度和羰基增加数量略高于热处理竹材.     

毛竹实生苗物理力学性质的研究

以材性优异且同样条件下种植的当地鞭生毛竹为参比,研究了毛竹实生苗竹材的物理力学性能。结果表明,毛竹实生苗竹材的气干密度为0.617 g/cm~3,小于鞭生竹的气干密度(0.662 g/cm~3);全干密度为0.562 g/cm~3,小于鞭生竹的全干密度(0.607 g/cm~3);气干或全干时,毛竹实生苗的干缩率均小于鞭生竹;除顺纹抗拉强度外,毛竹实生苗的顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗剪强度、抗弯强度均低于鞭生竹。因此,毛竹实生苗具有较高的强重比,相比鞭生竹材,具有密度较低、干缩率较小、力学强度性能良好的特点。     

竹材在不同介质中加热处理后的强度变异

在竹产品加工过程中,为改变色泽,竹坯材需在不同介质中加热处理,并因此引起竹材在强度性能上的差异。本研究针对毛竹(phyllostachs pubescens)在生产工艺中经不同介质中加热处理后的主要强度作了测试与变异分析,发现竹材经漂煮工艺后其密度和力学性能有所提高,经碳化工艺后则有所下降。     

耐寒丛生竹椽竹竹材的理化性质分析

测定了椽竹竹材的理化性质,并与毛竹、青皮竹和绿竹竹材进行了比较分析.结果表明:椽竹各竹龄竹材的基本密度、气干密度和全干密度平均值分别为0.523～0.632 g·cm-3、0.656～0.801 g·cm-3和0.658～0.777 g·cm-3,随着竹龄增长各部位竹材密度表现出增大的趋势,3年生以上椽竹竹材基本密度小于参比竹种毛竹和青皮竹,大于绿竹.3年生以上椽竹竹材的平均气干体积于缩率和全干体积干缩率分别为9.6％和13.6％,大于毛竹;各竹龄椽竹竹材径向干缩率大于弦向干缩率和纵向干缩率.3年生以上椽竹竹材的灰分平均含量小于绿竹和青皮竹,酸不溶木素平均含量与青皮竹接近而小于绿竹,综纤维素含量大于80％,多戊糖、热水抽出物、1％NaOH抽出物平均含量均高于青皮竹和绿竹,而苯-醇抽出物平均含量小于青皮竹和绿竹.综合分析,椽竹作为纸浆材具有较高的利用价值.     

安徽霍山不同海拔毛竹材力学性质分析

安徽霍山县靠近毛竹天然分布的北部边缘,其独特的地理位置及气候条件影响着毛竹材的各项特性,其中海拔是影响毛竹材力学性质的重要因子。以安徽霍山不同海拔（设120、230、370、510和600 m 5种海拔处理）的毛竹材为试验材料,研究了海拔因子对竹材力学性质的影响。结果表明：海拔因子对霍山毛竹的竹材密度有一定影响,随海拔升高,竹材的气干密度和全干密度呈增大趋势,但差异不大;海拔因子对竹材的顺纹抗压强度和顺纹抗剪强度有显著影响,但对顺纹抗拉强度影响不大。霍山毛竹材的各项力学特性接近传统的建筑用木材,经过合理加工可以替代传统木质建筑材料。     

杉木热处理材结晶度及力学性能的研究

热处理对木材力学性能的影响是多样的,这与热处理条件下木材的物理化学变化密切相关。本次研究将杉木板材在160℃、180℃和220℃常压蒸汽条件下进行热处理,考察处理材的结晶度、抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度及相互可能的关联。结果表明,热处理使试材结晶度增加,有助于提高木材的刚性,使热处理材的抗弯弹性模量高于常规对照材;结晶度的提高对抗弯强度没有改善作用,热处理后试材的抗弯强度明显下降。     

处理时间对热改性橡胶木物理力学性能的影响

采用过热蒸汽作为传热介质和保护气体热改性橡胶木,分别于185℃条件下热改性处理2、3、4、5h,于200℃热改性处理1、2、3、4h,主要分析了处理时间对橡胶木热改性材物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:在200℃条件下,处理时间对质量损失率、颜色的影响均较185℃更显著。在两个温度条件下,处理时间对MOE的影响均不显著。在185℃温度条件下,MOR从3h开始即无显著变化;在200℃温度条件下,MOR在前3h内无显著变化,第4h开始显著降低。     

人工林杉木木材力学性质对高温热处理条件变化的响应

以人工林杉木为试材,分别用空气和菜子油为介质,在温度为180,200和220 ℃对其分别热处理1,3和5 h,研究试材的抗弯强度(MOR)、抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度对高温热处理条件变化的响应,同时对处理材的主要化学成分进行分析,用扫描电镜对处理材横切面微观结构进行观察.结果表明:人工林杉木试材的4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理的响应程度不同.无论是空气热处理还是油热处理,试材的MOR,MOE,顺纹抗压强度与对照比有不同程度的降低,且随处理温度升高、时间延长,下降幅度增大,相比于时间,温度的影响更显著;180 ℃热处理1,3和5 h时,试材的MOR,MOE与对照比未发生明显变化(降幅在3%以内),而顺纹抗压强度则明显低于对照,两介质中降低幅度分别在3.29%～9.58%和3.89%～7.18%;200 ℃以上处理时,不同时间处理的3种主要力学性质不仅显著或极显著低于对照,且各性质问的差异也达显著或极显著水平;对硬度的测试结果表明:180 ℃热处理时,试件的径面硬度和弦面硬度均随时间的延长而增大;200 ℃热处理3 h时,试件的硬度达最大,与对照差异达显著水平;随后热处理试件的硬度开始降低,220 ℃热处理5 h后试件的硬度又明显低于对照.在隔氧的油介质中进行热处理,4种主要力学性质的变化程度低于空气介质处理材,当温度高于200 ℃时,两介质处理间的差异达显著水平.而热处理过程中木材主要化学组成与横切面微观结构变化的差异,反映了4种主要力学性质对不同条件热处理时表现出的响应差异.     

油浴热处理对竹材干缩性和力学性能的影响

为了探明竹材独特结构和油浴热处理对竹材干缩性和力学性能的协同影响,本研究以机油为导热介质对毛竹进行油浴热处理,分析了不同热处理温度（150、180、210℃）和不同处理时间（1、3、5 h）条件下竹材干缩性及力学性能的变化情况。结果表明：经过热处理后,竹材含水率和横向干缩率均有下降,表明高温热处理克服了竹材亲水性强和干缩性差的缺点。但是经过热处理后,竹材的力学性能总体呈下降趋势。在同样的热处理条件下,带青带黄竹材的物理力学性能均高于去青去黄竹材,说明保留竹材的竹青竹黄对热处理十分有利,且同时能提高竹材的利用率。     

热处理对竹炭远红外发射率的影响

竹炭是一种优良的可再生生物质碳材料,具有独特的孔隙结构和吸附性能,常用于制备各种功能复合材料,而竹炭因其优异的远红外反射性能被广泛应用于保暖织物和健康保健等领域。通过元素分析、FT-IR、BET和XRD等表征方法分析了热处理后竹炭的性能特征,并研究了竹炭远红外发射率的影响因素。结果表明:对竹炭进行热处理后,随着温度的上升,竹炭红外发射率呈现先维持相对稳定阶段而后上升的趋势,然后保持在较高值的现象。对竹炭进行表征后发现:当热处理温度低于600℃时,竹炭固定碳等组分相对稳定,其红外发射率保持稳定且无显著变化;在温度600~800℃时,其红外发射率与温度则呈线性正相关;当温度超过800℃时,竹炭红外发射率保持在较高值;比表面积试验表明800℃热处理时比表面积达到最大值,竹炭远红外发射率与其比表面积呈正相关,而与其平均孔径则呈负相关;XRD结果表明竹炭的结晶度会影响其远红外发射率,但关联性较弱。由此可知,竹炭热处理可以提高其远红外发射率,热处理以800℃为宜,远红外发射率性达到0.95,且竹炭远红外发射率主要受其固定碳质量分数影响,此外还受比表面积和孔径的影响。     

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Flakeboard Reinforced with Bamboo Strips

The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical performance of flakeboard reinforced with bamboo strips. The study investigated three different bamboo strip alignment patterns and an experimental control. All panels were tested in static bending both along parallel and perpendicular to the lengths of the bamboo strips. Internal bond strength (IB), thickness swelling (TS), linear expansion (LE), and water absorption (WA) were also examined. As expected, modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were substantially greater for all three experimental panel types as compared to the control group. LE was also improved for all three experimental panel groups. The bamboo strip alignment patterns had no significant effect on TS, WA and IB. The sample means for MOR, MOE and LE tested perpendicular to the bamboo strip lengths yielded slightly lower mean values than corresponding samples tested parallel to the bamboo strips lengths. This difference in mechanical properties is largely attributed to low panel density in the failure zones.     

Effects of peeling and steam-heating treatment on basic properties of two types of bamboo culms (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllostachys makinoi</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllostachys pubescens</Emphasis>)

Epidermal peeling (EPT) and steam-heating (SHT) treatments are two widely processing methods in bamboo industry. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) and makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata) are important economical bamboo species in Taiwan and China. The subject of this study was to access the changes of chemical and mechanical properties in moso and makino bamboo culms, which were collected from Taiwan and China after EPT and SHT. As regard to chemical properties, the amounts of extractives and ash were increased both in moso and makino bamboos after EPT and SHT. In contrast, the contains of holocellulose and α-cellulose were decreased after EPT and SHT for two bamboos. Moso bamboo collected from China contained the lowest cellulose content but the highest amount of hemicellulose by SHT. The lignin contents of all samples were no significant different after SHT, and it might due to the structure of lignin did not destroy at 120 °C. For the mechanical properties, the density of all makino and moso bamboo samples was reduced after SHT; moreover, the decreasing trend of density was similar to the reducing of holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and equilibrium moisture content (EMC). All bamboo samples without EPT presented the highest modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) whether SHT or not. Both MOE and MOR of all bamboo samples were decreased after SHT. The integrity of the bamboo skin is important for the dimensional stability of the bamboo, and the water absorption ability would be increased after EPT; however, SHT decreased the water absorption of bamboo.     

Study on the effect of nano-silver impregnation on mechanical properties of heat-treated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus nigra</Emphasis>

The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of heat treatment of nano-silver-impregnated Populus nigra on weight loss, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and compression parallel to grain. Specimens were impregnated with 200 PPM water-based solution of nano-silver particles at 2.5 bar in a pressure vessel. For heat treatment, both nano-silver-impregnated and simple specimens were kept for 24 h at 45°C and then further for 24 h at 145°C and finally for 4 h at 185°C. MOR decreased from 529 to 461 kg/cm² in heat-treated specimens; MOE and compression parallel to grain were though improved. Also, comparison between heat-treated and nano-silver-impregnated heat-treated specimens showed that there was a decrease in MOR and MOE in nano-silver-impregnated heat-treated specimens. This shows that nano-silver impregnation facilitates transfer of heat in wood and it may increase the process of degradation and pyrolysis of wood structures in deeper parts of specimens.     

Effects of heat treatment on some properties of MDF (medium-density fiberboard)

This work investigated some mechanical, physical and free formaldehyde emission properties of heat-treated MDF. For this purpose, MDF panels were subjected to varying heat treatment temperatures (155°C, 165°C and 175°C), durations (2.5?h., 3.5?h. and 4.5?h.) and waiting times after hot pressing (30?min., 120?min. and 600?min). Thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), free formaldehyde emission (FFE), bending strength (BS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength perpendicular to fibers (TSPF) for treated and untreated samples were tested and evaluated statistically. Consequently, after the heat treatment values of tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of elasticity were almost negatively affected relatively, but the thickness swelling and water absorption and quantities of free formaldehyde were improved positively of MDF samples.     

广宁县竹香骨下脚料制备竹碎料刨花板及其复合改性研究

采用竹香骨下脚料为原料,以脲醛树脂和三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂制备竹碎料刨花板,并与木纤维复合改性,检测并分析了内结合强度、静曲强度、弹性模量和吸水性。结果表明,在热压温度为160℃时,竹碎料板和竹木复合碎料板的物理力学性能均满足国标规定在干燥状态下使用的普通用板要求。当木纤维与竹碎料复合后,复合板材的静曲强度和弹性模量有一定程度提高,但内结合强度降低。