核桃高枝嫁接技术初探

在核桃的品种化栽培过程中,嫁接繁殖是一个重要的技术措施。但由于核桃体内含有单宁物质,使其嫁接成活率一直不高,多年来徘徊在10%左右。通过多年的实践探索,总结出春季核桃高枝嫁接——采用多头插皮舌接的嫁接方法,并对接穗、砧木进行适宜的处理,可使核桃嫁接成活率达到80%以上,为我市核桃品种化栽培提供了技术支撑。     

紫叶加拿大紫荆嫁接育苗技术

利用加拿大紫荆为砧木,紫叶加拿大紫荆优质枝条为接穗,采用方块形芽接的方法繁殖紫叶加拿大紫荆的技术,嫁接成活率达90%,第2 a嫁接苗平均高度达1.5 m。文内具体介绍了砧木的选择,接穗的采集、处理和存放,嫁接时间、方法和接后管理方法。     

柿树嫁接繁殖与管理措施探析

从砧木选择、采集接穗与接穗处理、嫁接时期选择、嫁接方法、接后管理等方面,总结提出了几种提高柿树嫁接成活率的嫁接繁殖方法与管理措施.     

桂花水插靠接技术

桂花水插靠接技术张凤鸣（济南市苗圃，２５０１００）北方盆栽桂花多以靠接为主，但成活率较低。经试验，采用水插靠接法成活率达到９５％以上，当年生长良好。其嫁接方法如下：１．嫁接时期比较适宜的时间，一是４月份，树液开始流动砧穗易愈合；二是６月份正值旺盛生长...     

湿地松容器苗嫁接繁殖技术研究

为研究湿地松容器苗嫁接繁殖技术,为良种基地建设提供良种苗木,以湿地松嫩枝为试验材料,采用3种嫁接繁殖方法(嫩枝撕皮嵌接加罩法、切接法和舌接法)、3种嫁接时间、3种接穗外露长度和2种底盘枝保留方式进行嫁接试验。结果表明:不同嫁接繁殖方法的嫁接成活率有显著差异,以嫩枝撕皮嵌接加罩法的嫁接成活率最高;嫩枝撕皮嵌接加罩法不同嫁接时间的嫁接成活率有显著差异,以4月下旬嫁接成活率最高;嫩枝撕皮嵌接加罩法接穗外露长度对嫁接成活率有显著影响,嫁接膜包扎后接穗外露长度小于1 cm时嫁接成活率最高;嫩枝撕皮嵌接加罩法砧木保留底盘枝对嫁接成活率及接穗生长表现有积极影响。     

红松樟子松异砧嫁接建立红松果林技术

根据红松樟子松异砧嫁接建立红松果林的存在的问题,制定了选择砧木、选择优树、采穗时间、选择接穗、接穗贮藏及嫁接时期等标准。嫁接方法为"插坐髓心形成层贴接",嫁接时直接削去砧木顶芽,使砧木与接穗接嫁接面全方位接触,不仅提高了接穗的生长量,而且愈合效果极其显著,避免了红松-樟子松异砧嫁接因剪砧流脂的现象,解决了嫁接不亲和问题。     

大扁杏嫁接技术

大扁杏是一种主要的木本油料树种。文章从嫁接准备(包括苗圃地选择、砧木苗管理、接穗的采集、运输和贮藏)、嫁接方法(嵌芽接、舌接、插皮接、腹接)、嫁接时注意事项及嫁接苗出圃的管理等几方面,全面介绍了大扁杏嫁接技术,为大扁杏的推广应用提供了重要的技术保障。     

浅谈板栗苗木的繁殖技术

板栗是我国特有的优良干果树种,适应性强。其繁殖可采用种子繁殖和嫁接繁殖。种子繁殖要做好选种、种子贮藏、整地播种、苗期管理等工作。嫁接繁殖要做好选择砧木、采集接穗、嫁接苗管理等工作。嫁接方法可分为带木质嫁接及插皮嫁接两种方法。     

银杏良种壮苗繁殖技术

总结了银杏嫁接育苗过程中的播种育砧、插插育砧各项技术。提出了种子和插穗的选择，种子处理与贮藏、播种与扦插方法、苗圃地的选择与管理技术，银杏嫁接时间与方法，砧木和接穗的选择。嫁接的管理与出圃苗分级等银杏良种壮苗的繁殖技术。     

板栗插皮腹接的技术处理

介绍板栗插皮腹接中接穗处理、砧木选择、接穗削切、病虫防治、包扎、解绑、绑扶、除萌、摘心等嫁接及后期管理技术。     

秃杉的物种确立、天然林种群特征、保护、引种和种源选择研究

根据秃杉有关的研究文献,对秃杉物种的确立,天然林的生物多样性、空间分布、动态和更新演替等种群特征,原生地保护与迁地保护,引种地气候和立地的适应性,速生性,抗寒、耐高温干旱、耐萌、抗风和抗病虫害能力等抗逆性,种源的遗传多样性,种源地理变异和生态适应性,种子、苗期及林木生长的变异,不同年龄林木生长性状的相关性,优良种源选择和种源区划等的研究进行了综合评述。     

东北主要绿化树种对大气重金属污染物吸收能力的研究

本文于2003年9月到10月在哈尔滨市主要街道采集和分析主要绿化树种的树叶，研究测定了东北主要的24种乔木树种和6种灌木树种对大气重金属污染物铅、镉、铬、汞的吸收能力。结果表明：绿化树种对铅、镉、铬、汞具有一定的吸收能力，并依污染物和树种的不同而有明显差异；根据不同树种对不同大气重金属污染物吸收量的差异将其各分为三级，其中吸铅量高的树种有白桦、垂枝榆和京桃等；吸镉量高的树种有小黑杨、钻天杨、银中杨和旱柳等；吸铬量高的树种有黄菠萝、紫丁香、旱柳、黑皮油松、红皮云杉、京桃、榆叶梅和糖槭等；吸汞量高的树种有榆叶梅、蒙古栎、旱柳、接骨木、野梨和华北绣线菊等。本研究为在不同大气重金属污染条件下选择不同绿化树种提供了科学依据。表4参11。     

草坪草茎加工与繁殖技术

用草坪草茎建植草坪是草坪绿地无性繁殖的一种新的方法。该文具体论述了草坪草茎繁殖的原理 ,草茎的机械收集、加工、贮存、人工撒播及播后管理技术 ,采用这种方法人工费较少 ,运输量小 ,播种简单 ,繁殖系数高 ,成坪快 ,坪用性状好 ,成本低     

竹业引领人类生活更美好

文章介绍了竹材在建筑、家具、交通、日用品等领域的应用现状,分析了竹材在性能、成本、资源量及环保等方面具有的多种优势,以及木材、塑料、钢材、陶瓷应用局限性和劣势,提出了竹木并举、以竹代塑、竹钢协同、竹瓷互补潜在的创新应用方向。在当前化石能源日益枯竭、环境压力越来越大的情况下,发展竹产业、应用竹产品是一项改变人类生活、促进绿色发展的重要举措,是健康生活、生态人居、绿色发展的正确方向。     

三倍体毛白杨新品种对比试验

经过９年对１９个三倍体毛白杨新品种的生长对比试验和各品种的干形、抗风折及抗病虫害能力的综合分析,结果表明,Ｌ１０、Ｌ４、Ｌ２、Ｌ３、Ｌ９和Ｌ１六个新品种综合性状最优,特别是Ｌ１０和Ｌ４的材积增益大于对照１．４倍～１．９倍,具有干形直、抗风折、病虫害少的优点,应作为重点发展的新品种。Ｌ１０、Ｌ３和Ｌ９为雄株,可用于城市绿化和通道工程绿化。目前三倍体毛白杨的病虫害有不断升级之势,天牛、白杨透翅蛾、根瘤病、潜叶蛾的危害较重,应引起人们足够的重视。     

城市街道空间的景观设计方法

街道景观是城市景观的重要组成部分,是人们日常生活中进行各种活动的重要场所。街道景观的提升有助于改善城市环境、提高市民居住的舒适感、增强市民的凝聚力和认同感。文章阐述了城市街道空间的天空、地形地貌、绿化、水体、建筑、路面、小品、交通设施等景观要素,以及适宜的空间尺度、阴角空间,分析了对景、偏移、引导、对比、分段等设计手法在街道空间景观设计中的应用。     

Organic Amendment,Fertilizer, and Lime Effects on Bareroot Jeffrey Pine Outplanted on a Sierra Nevada Surface Mine

Abstract

Composted organic matter, controlled release fertilizer, and dolomitic lime soil amendments were evaluated for their effectiveness in facilitating the reforestation of an acidic, semiarid Sierra Nevada surface mine with bareroot Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.). Single application rates were used for the organic matter (2.0 L) and lime (28 g) amendments while low and high rates (8 g and 16 g, respectively) of the chemical fertilizer, High N 22-4-6 + Minors, were employed. All amendments were administered at outplanting using the minisite application method. The organic and lime amendments suppressed seedling survival, more so with the former than the latter, but this result did not extend to the High N fertilizer. Growth was also suppressed by the organic and lime amendments, although there was some evidence that these responses were waning late in the study, while High N was exceedingly stimulatory, especially with the high application rate. Annual assessment of seedling nutrition during this three-year study revealed numerous High N and organic matter treatment influences. Among them, increases in foliar N, P, and K and reductions in Fe, Mn, Zn, and Al were prominent within the High N treatments, but particularly so at the high application rate. For the organic matter treatment, the above increases and decreases in elemental concentrations were again noted, although the nutritional responses to this treatment were generally more subdued and somewhat ephemeral in comparison with those to High N. Calculation of base cation/metallic element molar ratios revealed that the organic matter treatment had the highest Ca/Al, Ca/Mn, Mg/Al, Mg/Mn, K/Al, K/Mn, and K/Cu during the initial season, but exerted little influence on these ratios thereafter. The High N treatments produced the highest Ca/Cu and Mg/Cu in the first season, the highest Ca/Al, Mg/Al, K/Al, and K/Mn in the second, and the highest Ca/Al, Mg/Al, Mg/Mn, K/Al, and K/Mn in the third season, with the high application rate especially prominent. Seedling nutrition was, at best, minimally affected by liming, with perhaps its most notable influence that of counteracting the positive responses indicated above with regard to the organic amendment effects on molar ratios. Overall, these results indicate that in the reforestation of difficult sites such as eastern Sierra Nevada surface mines, the favorable responses to controlled release fertilization can not be duplicated using composted organic amendments, and furthermore, dolomitic lime applications by the method used here are likely to prove exceedingly detrimental to seedling establishment.     

Individual variations in monoterpenes released from Cryptomeria japonica and Pinus thunbergii needles

Variations in the compositions of low boiling point (LBP) monoterpenes in needle samples from 99 sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and 100 kuromatsu (Pinus thunbergii) trees were investigated using a headspace technique. Considerable variations in the proportions of monoterpenes were revealed in both species. In sugi, the proportions of sabinene and α-pinene in the total LBP monoterpenes, ranging from 8.8% to 73.3% and from 14.5% to 73.3%, respectively, showed enormous variations among nine monoterpenes. The proportions of 3-carene and limonene, ranging from 0.1% to 29.5% and from 0.2% to 20.4%, respectively, also showed very specific variations. In kuromatsu, the proportions of β-pinene and α-pinene in the total LBP monoterpenes, ranging from 26.5% to 66.3% and from 18.7% to 46.9%, respectively, showed considerable variations among ten monoterpenes. The proportions of myrcene and 1,8-cineole, ranging from 0.9% to 18.5% and from 0.8% to 12.3%, respectively, also showed specific variations. Part of this article was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April, 2000, and the 13th Annual Meeting of the Chugoku Shikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Okayama, September 2001     

福建南安五台山西南桦种源家系试验初报

对25个种源276个家系西南桦径、高、材积生长和耐寒性综合分析看,A、V、T、Y、K、Q、I等7个种源生长表现好,有一定的耐寒能力,是较好种源;其余种源表现一般或差,发展潜力小。每个种源根据生长表现都可选出1~2个优良家系,这些选出的优良家系不仅生长快、产量高,而且抗性强,全部没有受到寒害影响,都是较好家系,如T04、I04、A04、P25、F11、H12、V16、Y15、K17、U11等是优良家系,单株材积达0.00396~0.00864 m3。     

元江县6种森林蔬菜的育苗及修剪试验

2001年3月至2003年10月,在元江县林木种苗管理工作站进行了6种森林蔬菜的育苗及修剪试验,结果表明,采用生长调节剂处理插穗后,可提高臭菜、树头菜、越南甜菜和刺五加扦插生根率,在大棚中最佳扦插时间生根率分别达80％、60％、80％、60％,吲哚丁酸好于ABTI*生根粉,大棚中扦插优于露天；其中刺五加最佳扦插时间为10月,其他3种为3月.南山藤和长蕊甜菜的种子育苗,出苗率分别为100％和92％；南山藤和长蕊甜菜最佳育苗时间分别为3月和8月.臭菜、南山藤、刺五加、树头菜和越南甜菜的最佳修剪高度分别为50 cm、50 cm、40 cm、60 cm和50 cm,与未修剪相比,分别提高了191.43％、415.63％、214.29％、336.94％和531.39％,修剪能大幅度提高森林蔬菜产量.