雅长:野生兰科植物富集地

雅长兰科植物自然保护区位于广西西北部乐业县境内,地处云贵高原东南边缘,是云贵高原向广西丘陵过渡的山原地带,主要地貌类型为中山地貌和低山地貌,保护区各山体之间沟谷纵横,叠峰连绵。最低海拔400米、最高海拔1971米。保护区属桂西中亚热带季风气候区,年平均气温16.3℃,最高气温38℃,最低气温-5℃。     

孟连农场橡胶树品种比较试验初报

孟连农场位于云南省孟连县,东经99°3′～99°15′,北纬22°6′～22°15′,植胶区分布在南马河下游河谷两侧和南卡江东岸的低山山地,海拔530～940m,土壤以砖红壤为主,成土母质为千枚岩及砂质岩,属北热带半湿润季风气候,年均温21.7℃,最冷月均温15.2℃,基本无霜,年降雨量约1400mm,年平均风速1.2m/s.     

中国山地与气候

<正>气候系指某一地区多年的天气特征,其由太阳辐射、大气环流、地面性质等因素相互作用所决定。山地由于海拔的差异、地形的影响而形成独特的山地气候,其最主要的决定因素为高度、方位与地被。因气温随海拔升高而降低,每上升1000米约降低6℃,而降水则随海拔升高而递增,但达到最大降水高度后则随高度增高而递减,所以高山地区气候随着高度的变化依序形成若干垂直气候带,就如从低纬度到高纬度一样,这种环境条件就造成山地生物多样性的垂直分异。     

西双版纳山地逆温综合考查研究

对西双版纳山地逆温的考查结果表明：逆温顶层最高海拔上限达１８００ｍ，厚度６００ｍ—８００ｍ，最大逆温强度为３．７℃—３．８℃／１００ｍ，冬干季（１１月—４月）逆温出现频率最高，达９０％以上；逆温在山体坡面形成一个暖带，一般位于雾层顶部以上１００ｍ—２００ｍ范围内；越冬期间山区比坝区最低温度累计值高约７００℃，日均温累计值高约２３０℃，日照每天多４ｈ—５ｈ；西双版纳山区按垂直高度分为三个气候带，海拔８００ｍ以下为北热带，８００ｍ—１８００ｍ为南亚热带，１８００ｍ以上为中亚热带     

青龙山水源林保护区

青龙山水源林保护区位于龙州县西北部，北纬22°27’2”－22°99’42”，东经106°92’20”－106°53’25”之间，总面积151km2；1982年经广西人民政府批准，1985年建立水源林保护站，主要保护对象为水源涵养林。自然环境该保护区属半上半石山区，一般海拔300～500m，处于北热带北缘，气候受东南季风影响，具有温暖湿润的特点。年平均气温22℃，1月均温13．9℃，极端最低温－1．3℃，7月均温27．9℃，极端最高温39．4℃，≥10℃的年活动积温7780℃，年降水量1488～1515mm，空气相对湿度对79％～81％。保护区石山部分的土壤以黑色石灰土和棕…     

次生林抚育间伐技术

正福寿林场位于湖南省平江县南部,属罗霄山脉连云山支脉,最高海拔1573.2米,最低海拔835米,属中亚热带向北亚热带过渡的气候带。年平均气温12.1℃,极端最高气温33.4℃,最低气温为-15℃,年日照1500小时,无霜期217天,年相对湿度87%。林场经营面积1274.9公顷,活立木蓄积量为89018立方米,森林覆盖率93%。有木本植物55科,275种。乔木树种主要     

春秀水源林保护区

春秀水源林保护区位于龙州县西部，地处北纬22°72’－22°92’，东经106°92’－106°36’之间，总面积78．7km2。1982年经广西人民政府批准，1985年建立保护区管理站，主要保护对象为水源涵养林。自然环境该保护区属石灰岩山地，地貌以峰林为主，一般海拔300～500m。本保护区内地面水系不发达，没有明显的河流，只有2个小水库和水口河流经本区东北部。本保护区在北热带北缘，受东南季风影响，属季风气候区。年平均气温21．5℃－22℃，1月平均气温13．8℃－14℃，极端最低温－1．3℃；7月平均温度28．6℃，极端最高温39．4℃，≥10℃的年活…     

山地的自然现象:垂直带

<正>在山地上,随着山地高度的增加,气温随之降低,每上升100米,气温下降0.6℃;在一定的海拔范围内,降水量则随海拔的升高逐渐增加。只要山体有足够的高度,自下而上便可形成一系列的垂直自然带,带内的气候、水文、植被、动物和土壤等自然要素从山麓到山顶随高度增加而逐渐更替。     

大别山树莓栽培技术

大别山属北亚热带温暖湿润季风气候区,具有典型的山地气候特征,气候温和,雨量充沛。年平均气温12.5℃。山地一般海拔500～800m。大别山蕴藏着丰富的植物资源,在此略谈大别山野生树莓的开发价值和栽培技术。     

神农架 中部山地植被典型

<正>神农架位于我国地势第二、第三级阶梯交界处,在湖北西部边陲,由大巴山脉东延的余脉组成中高山地貌。这里属于中纬度北亚热带季风区,气温偏凉而且多雨,由于一年四季受到湿热的东南季风和干冷的大陆高压交替影响,以及高山森林对热量、降水的调节,随海拔的升高形成低山、中山、亚高山3个气候带,立体气候十分明显。又由于其气候时空变化较大,有"六     

Measurement of the dynamic modulus of elasticity of wood panels

This study investigated the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of wood panels of Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Juglans mandshurica using the natural frequency measurement system of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results were compared with the static modulus of elasticity (E _S) tested by a mechanical test machine. The results show a significant correlation between E _S, transverse vibration DMOE (E _F), and longitudinal vibration DMOE (E _L). For all of these species, the correlation between E _S, E _F and E _L is more significant than the individual species, which indicated that the FFT method is universal. The correlations between E _S and sample’s density (ρ) are significant, but the correlation coefficient of E _S and ρ is lower than those between E _F, E _L and E _S. The E _S of wood is more accurately tested by the analysis based on FFT measurement than by the estimation based on density. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 126–131 [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(6): 126–131]     

落叶松水浸液对胡桃楸幼苗生长的影响

A study was conducted to detect the effect of water extracts from different parts such as root, bark, branch and leaf, of adult larch, Larix gmelini, trees on growth of Manchurian walnut, Juglans mandshudca, seedlings and the allelopathy between the two tree species. Four concentrations （100 g. kg i, 50 g. kg^-1, 25 g. kg^-1 and 12.5 g. kg^-1） were prepared for each kind of extracts. Result showed that the water extracts with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the growth of collar diameter and increased biomass and root/shoot ratio of walnut seedlings. The water extracts from branches and barks with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the height growth of the seedlings, while those from leaves and roots slightly decreased the height growth of seedlings. The fact that application of water extracts of larch improved the growth of Manchurian walnut attributes possibly to the allelopathy between the two tree species.     

CONTROL TECHNIQUE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

The poplar bacterial canker caused by Erwinia sp is a serious disease spreading inmost parts of Northeast China,where poplars are cultivalted.The disease seriously infects thosepoplars belonging to section Aigeiros or the intersection hybrids of section Tacamahaca and section Aigeiros and their clones.Five fine poplar cultivars resistant to the bacterial canker have been ob-tained by screening tests.They are Lz_2(Populus simonii×nigra var.italica),A_(15)(P.×sp.)613(P.×sp.),A_(102)and A_(98)(P.simonii×sp.)T following chemicals are obviously effective,such as:50％DT germicide ,40％ XF-136 and 10％ C.C.M.A.or 12.5％ ramphencol and 50,000 ppm/mlvalidamycin,with which the stems or roots can be watered.     

我国不同森林立地带土壤中苏云金芽孢杆菌cry基因资源研究

利用PCR－RFLP鉴定体系和SDS－PAGE表达蛋白的分析方法，分析了来自我国不同森林立地带（寒温带，中温带，暖温带，北亚热带，中亚热带，南亚热带，高原亚热带，热带）自然保护区森林土壤中分离的72株苏云金芽孢杆菌的cry 1，cry 2，cry 3，cry 4，cry 5，cry 8，cry 9，cry 10，cry 11，cry 1I杀虫晶体蛋白基因类型，表达蛋白和杀虫活性的生物测定。研究表明：同时含有cry 1，cry 2，cry 1I3类 有21株菌，6株菌含有cry 1，cry 2类基因，4株菌含有cry 1和cry 1I基因，只含有cry 1基因的1株，cry 2基因的4株，36株菌不含所鉴定的10类基因。同时证明：绝大多数含有cry1基因的菌株表达了130kD蛋白，含有cry2基因的菌株表达了60kD的蛋白。对不同农，林害虫棉铃虫，杨扇舟蛾，舞毒蛾，马尾松毛虫，黄粉甲，榆兰叶甲，落叶松叶蜂等幼虫的杀虫活性进行了生物测定。进一步证明了苏云金芽孢杆菌cry基因，表达蛋白及杀虫活性三者的相关性。为生产和科研提供了生物治虫，抗虫育种的苏云金芽孢杆菌cry基因资源。     

Mistletoes of the agroforestry parklands of Burkina Faso

In sahelian countries, parklands are very important for human populations from an economic point of view. Unfortunately, they are currently being threatened by pests such as Loranthaceae which are stem parasites. In Burkina Faso, six species of Loranthaceae have been identified and located geographically: Agelanthus dodoneifolius (DC.) Polh. & Wiens, Englerina leucardii (Engl.) Balle, Globimetula cupulata (DC.) Van Tieghem, Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. & K. Krause) Danser, T. globiferus (A. Rich.) Van Tieghem and T. ophiodes (Sprague) Danser. Agelanthus dodoneifolius is by far the most widespread in the country whereas Globimetula cupulata is strictly located in the southeast. A list of their hosts has been established showing: 154 species dispatched in 96 genera and 42 families. Among them, the most frequently parasitized families are the Caesalpiniaceae, the Combretaceae and the Mimosaceae. A biological cycle scheme showing the main phenological stages common to the six Loranthaceae observed in Burkina Faso is reported. Based on a review of the damage caused by Loranthaceae, pruning, chemical treatments, genetic selection of resistant individuals and biological control are suggested as possible control methods.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

4种杨树新品种人工林碳储量研究

通过在不同区域的银中杨、小黑杨、青山杨、迎春五号杨人工林设置标准地,利用生物量法对这4种林分的碳储量进行了计量研究。结果表明：4种杨树新品种人工林碳储量与生物量成正比,以树干、树枝、树根、树叶的顺序由高到低排列;4种杨树新品种人工林年净固碳量分别为银中杨4.04t·hm-2·a-1、青山杨3.06t·hm-2·a-1、迎春五号杨2.46t·hm-2·a-1、小黑杨1.98t·hm-2·a-1。     

Possibility of grouping of Cyclobalanopsis species (Fagaceae) grown in Japan based on an analysis of several regions of chloroplast DNA

Four regions of chloroplast DNA were sequenced as a prospective genetic marker to identify Japanese representatives of Cyclobalanopsis: Quercus acuta, Q. sessilifolia, Q. salicina, Q. myrsinaefolia, Q. glauca, and Q. gilva. We found that Q. gilva was distinguished from other species based on both the trnL-trnF and trnT-trnL intergenic spacers. The evidence shows good coincidence with the fact that Q. gilva has several peculiar morphological features distinguishable from those of other species. There was no difference in trnL intron and matK. Both trnT-trnL and trnL-trnF intergenic spacers are capable of being used as genetic markers to identify Q. gilva among Cyclobalanopsis species.Part of this paper was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 3–5, 1998     

Floristic composition and soil characteristics of tropical freshwater forested wetlands of Veracruz on the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico

We studied the influence of geomorphological setting and soil properties on the vegetation structure, composition and diversity of five forested coastal wetlands in Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico. These swamps are located on floodplains and in dune depressions. We recorded 109 woody and herbaceous species. The most frequent species were the trees Pachira aquatica, Annona glabra, Diospyros digyna and Ficus insipida subsp. insipida, the lianas Dalbergia brownei and Hippocratea celastroides and the hemi-epiphyte Syngonium podophyllum. The Shannon-H diversity index varied from 2.659 to 3.373, density from 1750 to 2289 stems ha⁻¹ and basal area from 32.7 to 76.42 m² ha⁻¹. The classification analysis defined two groups: one corresponded to forested wetlands along the floodplain (Apompal, Cienaga, Chica) and the other included Mancha and Salado, in dune depressions. PCA ordination of soil parameters during the rainy season explained 67.0% and during the dry season 69.1% of the total variance. In the rainy season Mancha and Salado samples remain close together because they have lower Mg, Na, K, % Total C and % Total N values. Apompal and Chica samples remain close to each other because of their high levels of % Total C, % Total N, Mg, Na and high soil water content. Cienaga samples are separated from the others because of high values of P, Ca and Eh as well as high water levels. In general, soil parameter ordination during the dry season showed that redox potential, P, water level and water content decreased in the forested wetlands and Na values increased in Chica. The soil textures identified were clay, sandy clay loam, sandy loam and clay loam; clay texture dominated alluvial processes in the floodplain (e.g., Cienaga). The forested wetlands in the floodplains had similar vegetation and the same happened in the dune depressions but soil characteristics were more variable in both cases. Plant diversity in floodplains tends to be relatively high, and the presence of adjacent tropical forests probably increases its richness, except in cases in which there are stressing factors, such as salinity. The forested wetlands studied showed dominant floristic elements, which extend north into Florida such as A. glabra and Ficus aurea. Other dominant elements such as P. aquatica are also found in Central and South America. The forested wetlands studied are subjected to continuous deforestation to transform the land into farming or ranching activities, this being a common practice throughout the distribution range of these forests.     

3种落叶松苗期光能利用效率的比较

正林木90%以上的干物质来自光合作用,单位时间内光能利用效率(包括光能截获能力和光能转化效率)是衡量林木生长潜力的重要指标。光能截获能力主要与叶面积大小及其发展有关,光能转化效率主要与单叶光合速率有关。自发现光合速率在不同个体间存在明显差异后,以提高光能利用效率为目标的"高光效育种"受到育种学家的重视[1-3],而通过选配高光效种质进行有目的杂交已成为高光效育种的重要手段[4]。落叶松(Larix spp.)种间杂交