碳酸氢钠在养禽生产中的应用

碳酸氢钠俗名小苏打，为白色结晶性粉末，无臭、味咸，易溶于水，水溶液呈弱碱性，国内广泛用于食品工业和医药中，在国外则较多地用作畜禽饲料添加剂。据近几年国内外的研究，在家禽饲料中添加适量碳酸氢钠，可使采食量大大增加，对提高饲料利用率、促进家禽生长和提高产蛋率、蛋壳质量等均有明显效果。     

小苏打作为家禽饲料添加剂的应用

小苏打学名碳酸氢钠，为白色结晶性粉末，无臭、味咸，易溶于水，水溶液呈弱碱性，国内广泛用于食品工业和医药中，在国外则较多地用作畜禽饲料添加剂。据近几年国内外的研究，在家禽饲料中添加适量碳酸氢钠，可使采食量大大增加，对提高饲料利用率、促进家禽生长和提高产蛋率、蛋壳质量等均有明显效果。     

碳酸氢钠能改善肉鸡生长

英国ICI(Imperial Chemical Industries)公司的科技人员在家禽饲料中添加碳酸氢钠,研究它对家禽生长发育的影响。试验结果表明,每吨饲料添加1～5公斤碳酸氢钠对肉鸡胴体等级和增重都有明显的提高。据试验观察,添加碳酸氢钠组的肉鸡与添加氯化钠(食盐)组相比,前者饮水量减少,垫料状态改善。因此脚趾异常和胸部炎     

碳酸氢钠在家禽业中的应用

<正>碳酸氢钠作用:中和胃酸,溶解黏液,降低消化液的黏度,并加强胃肠的收缩,起到健胃、抑酸和增进食欲的作用。碳酸氢钠对家禽的作用尤为明显。饲料中添加碳酸氢钠,能补充家禽因热喘息(呼出CO2过多)造成血液中碳酸盐的减少,从而改善机体的钙代谢。能提高磷在蛋禽体内的移动性。为了形成良好的蛋壳,必须使血中维持适宜的磷浓度,可使蛋禽血夜磷的浓度维持在形成蛋壳所必须的     

碳酸氢钠作饲料添加剂效果好

国外研究发现,将碳酸氢钠(俗称“小苏打”)作为添加剂添加到畜禽饲料中,能提高饲料利用率和能量转化率,促进畜禽生长和提高肉、乳、蛋的产量。在猪饲料中添加碳酸氢钠(添加量为育肥猪每日每头4~5g、仔猪每日每头0.2~2g),能使育肥猪增重加快,仔猪成活率提高。特别是在饲料中赖氨酸不足时,碳酸氢钠既能弥补赖氨酸的不足,又可能使猪加快生长,饲料利用率提高8%~10%。在牛饲料中添加适量的碳酸氢钠,能促进牛的生长,同时明显提高产奶量。添加碳酸氢钠时,应适当减少食盐的用量。在鸡饲料中添加碳酸氢钠(添加量为每千克饲料添加1~5g),能提高鸡的生长…     

碳酸氢钠可以提高肉鸡体重

<正> 英国卜内门化学工业公司(ICI)研究人员对碳酸氢钠对家禽的作用进行了研究,发现在每吨饲料中添加1～5公斤碳酸氢钠,能提高肉鸡的增重。研究表明,用碳酸氢钠代替氯化钠作为肉鸡饲料中的钠源,鸡的饮水量每天可减少0.2升;在日粮中钠的含量在0.13％～0.19％之间,与添加氯化钠的日粮相比,能较好地保持地面垫草干燥,改善垫草质量约20％,从而降低肉鸡跗关节和胸部褥疮     

家禽饲料添加维C好处多

国内外大量研究表明,在家禽饲料中添加维生素C可明显提高家禽生产性能和抗应激能力。 1.种鸡喂含添加维生素C的饲料可使产蛋率、种蛋受精率、授精蛋孵化率等均高于未添加维生素C的对照组。 2.蛋鸡喂含维生素C的饲料使产蛋率增加1.2～3.3％。因维生素C能促进钙从骨骼中分泌出来,使血浆中的钙含量增加,能提高蛋壳强度。     

非淀粉多糖酶制剂在肉仔鸡胃肠道作用部位研究

大麦、燕麦中的β-葡聚糖和小麦、黑麦中的阿拉伯木聚糖有抗营养作用，可溶性β-葡聚糖和阿拉伯木聚糖能增加家禽消化道食糜粘度，影响养分消化吸收，从而降低饲料利用率和家禽的生产性能。在小麦、大麦等谷物饲料为基础的家禽日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶制剂能消除抗营养因子作用，降低食糜粘度，改善其营养价值，提高家禽消化功能，促进家禽生长。     

碳酸氢钠能提高鸡的产蛋率和蛋壳强度

英国ICI公司的科技人员进行了一系列试验,研究在产蛋鸡饲料中添加精制碳酸氢钠的效果。试验Ⅰ:将碳酸氢钠按0.1～1.0％的不同水平,在产蛋鸡饲料中连续添加8个月。结果表明,所有添加碳酸氢钠组的产蛋率增加,蛋壳强度最多的可提高8％。试验Ⅱ:在标准产蛋鸡饲料中按每吨饲料3公斤碳酸氢钠的水平添加。结果表明,添     

浅谈碳酸氢钠在养鸡上的应用

碳酸氢钠又叫小苏打，有纠正代谢性酸中毒、碱化尿液、中和胃酸、祛痰、健胃等作用。现就碳酸氢钠在养鸡上的应用作一概述。１作为饲料添加剂饲料中添加碳酸氢钠能有效提高鸡对饲料的消化力，加速营养物质的利用和有害物质的排出，有促进生长，提高抗应激能力，使抵抗力和...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.