高铜对雏鸭外周血T-淋巴细胞及血清IL-2含量的影响

将1日龄天府肉鸭健雏360只随机分为6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 8 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 100 mg/kg,高铜Ⅰ组;Cu 200 mg/kg,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu 400 mg/kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 600 mg/kg,高铜Ⅳ组;Cu 800 mg/kg,高铜Ⅴ组)6周.与对照组比较,高铜Ⅱ组雏鸭外周血T淋巴细胞非特异性酯酶(Nonspecific acid esterase,ANAE)阳性率及血清IL-2含量不同程度的升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),高铜Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅴ组外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率及血清IL-2含量降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结果表明,日粮中铜含量400 mg/kg及其以上时,显著降低外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率及血清IL-2含量,雏鸭细胞免疫功能受损.     

高铜对雏鸡外周血T-淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率的影响

选用1日龄艾维菌健康肉鸡420只,随机分为7组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu 11 mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 100mg/kg),高铜Ⅰ组,Cu 200 mg/kg,高铜Ⅱ组;Cu 300 mg/kg,高铜Ⅲ组;Cu 400 mg/kg,高铜Ⅳ组,Cu 500 mg/kg,高铜Ⅴ组;Cu 600 mg/kg,高铜Ⅵ组)6周,观察日粮铜添加水平对雏鸡外周血T-淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率的影响.与对照组比较,高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ组雏鸡外周血T-淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率增加,但差异不显著;高铜Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组雏鸡外周血T-淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率降低,且与日粮含铜量呈负相关,同时胸腺淋巴细胞减少,凋亡细胞比例增高.结果表明,与对照组比较,日粮铜含量100～200 mg/kg对雏鸡外周血中T-淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率有促进作用,但差异不显著;日粮铜含量300～600 mg/kg程度不同地降低了T-淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率,细胞免疫功能受损.     

铜中毒对雏鸡淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

选用1日龄艾维菌肉鸡健雏180只，随机分为3组，分别喂以对照日（Cu 11．97mg／kg）、中毒Ⅰ日（Cu 650mg／kg）和中毒Ⅱ日粮（Cu 850mg／kg），为期6周，以流式细胞术的5r法观察研究了铜中毒对雏鸡免疫器官淋巴细胞凋亡的影响。研究结果表明，铜中毒可诱导淋巴细胞凋亡，2个中毒组免疫器官淋巴细胞凋亡百分率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。     

铜中毒对雏鸭免疫器官细胞凋亡影响的研究

选用1日龄天府肉鸭健雏210只，随机分为3组，分别喂以对照日粮(Cu12．16mg，kg)、中毒1日粮(Cu850mg／kg)和中毒11日粮(Cu1050mg／kg)7周，以超微病理学和流式细胞术的方法观察研究了铜中毒对雏鸭免疫器官淋巴细胞凋亡的影响。电镜观察，铜中毒Ⅰ组和中毒Ⅱ组免疫器官淋巴细胞发生凋亡的频率明显高于对照组。发生凋亡的淋巴细胞表现为染色质凝聚、边集、细胞核呈新月形、“C”形、花瓣状、圆环状或圆斑状，并出现凋亡小体。流式细胞术测定．2个中毒组免疫器官淋巴细胞凋亡百分率也明显高于对照组。上述研究结果表明．铜中毒可以诱导淋巴细胞凋亡。     

实验性雏鸡铜中毒的病理学研究

选用1日龄艾维菌肉鸡180只随机分为3组，分别以对照日粮（Cu 11．97mg／kg）、铜中毒Ⅰ组日粮（Cu 650mg／kg）和铜中毒Ⅱ组日粮（Cu 850mg／kg）饲喂6周，以实验病理学方法系统研究了铜中毒对雏鸡组织器官和某些血液指标的影响。2个铜中毒组在试验的第2、3周先后出现临床症状；铜中毒Ⅱ组雏鸡的发病率和死亡率高于铜中毒Ⅰ组。病理形态学观察，2个铜中毒组的病变基本一致，表现为肌胃角质层增厚、龟裂，肠绒毛裸露断裂，伴有坏死；肝细胞脂肪变性；肾小管上皮细胞变性，坏死脱落；淋巴免疫器官体积缩小、重量减轻、淋巴细胞数量减少。2个铜中毒组雏鸡血清谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著升高，红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量显著降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。表明，雏鸡在生长发育的2～6周对高剂量铜较为敏感，毒性损坏的靶器官是肝、肾、胃肠道和淋巴免疫器官，铜中毒导致雏鸡组织器官受损、功能障碍及免疫功能低下，最终导致发病、死亡。     

高锌对雏鸡免疫功能影响的研究

1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏200只随机分为4组，Ⅰ组(基础日粮，Zn100mg／kg)、Ⅱ组(基础日粮 Zn1400mg／kg)、Ⅲ组(基础日粮 Zn1900mg／k)和Ⅳ组(基础日粮 Zn2400mg／k)，试验期7周。病理组织学观察可见免疫器官的淋巴细胞减少，淋巴滤泡形成较少，其皮质变薄、髓质增宽并可见髓质部淋巴细胞减少。淋巴器官发育和外周血淋巴细胞的分裂增殖受抑，外周血T淋巴细胞的成熟率显著降低并引起其亚群CD4、CD8数量和组成的变化，导致机体细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的降低；雏鸡红细胞C3b受体花环率下降和免疫复合物花环率升高，引起红细胞免疫黏附功能降低。结果表明，日粮高锌可致雏鸡免疫功能受损。     

铜中毒对雏鸡血液生化指标影响的研究

1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏180只,随机分为3组,分别喂以对照日粮（Cu 11.92 mg/kg）、铜中毒Ⅰ日粮（Cu650 mg/kg）和铜中毒Ⅱ日粮（Cu 850 mg/kg）6周,以血液病理学方法观察铜中毒对雏鸡血液生化指标的影响.铜中毒Ⅱ组、铜中毒Ⅰ组雏鸡分别于2周龄和3周龄开始出现临床症状,分别死亡7只和3只.血液生化指标变化表现为红细胞胞体和胞核变形;红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量显著降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,血清谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶活性和血清铜含量显著升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,血清铜蓝蛋白活性显著下降（P＜0.01）.结果表明,铜中毒对雏鸡的生长发育和上述血液生化指标影响明显.     

地克珠利对肉鸡生长、屠宰性能、免疫机能及血清生化指标的影响

选用288只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每重复12只鸡.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别于基础日粮中添加1、2、4 mg/kg地克珠利,试验期49 d.结果表明,基础日粮中添加1～4 mg/kg地克珠利对肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能均无显著影响(P＞0.05);1 mg/kg地克珠利组肉鸡免疫器官指数、新城疫抗体效价和外周血T淋巴细胞转化率与对照组均无显著差异(P＞0.05),2、4 mg/kg组外周血T淋巴细胞转化率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),4mg/kg组肉鸡于28日龄免疫器官指数显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),血清新城疫抗体效价显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);肉鸡血清淀粉酶活性,2、4 mg/kg组于28、35(停药0d)、42日龄(停药7d)显著低于对照组和1 mg/kg组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);3个试验组血清总蛋白含量于28、35(停药0d)、42日龄(停药7d)均显著或极显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)高于对照组;血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性,2、4 mg/kg组于28日龄显著或极显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)高于对照组和1 mg/kg组;4 mg/kg组于35日龄(停药0d)和42日龄(停药7d)显著低于对照组和其他2个试验组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);血清葡萄糖含量各组间均差异不显著(P＞0.05).49日龄(停药14 d)各组间上述血清生化指标差异均不显著(P＞0.05).相关分析表明,血清总蛋白含量和葡萄糖含量与平均日增重间存在着极显著的正相关关系(P＜0.01),总超氧化物歧化酶活性与平均日增重间存在着极显著的负相关关系(P＜0.01).     

铜中毒对雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响

本文旨在研究铜中毒对雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响。选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏180只,随机分为3组,分别喂以对照日粮(含Cu 11.97 mg/kg)和铜中毒日粮(铜中毒I组,含Cu 650 mg/kg;铜中毒II组,含Cu850 mg/kg)6周。结果表明:两个铜中毒组雏鸡的RBC-C3bRR花环率和RBC-ICR花环率降低,红细胞免疫功能受损,肉鸡1~6周龄时与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),并与红细胞的形态改变相一致。RBC-C3bRR花环率和RBC-ICR花环率的降低与铜中毒引起的红细胞病理损害密切相关。     

缺锌对雏鸭免疫功能影响的研究

1日龄天府肉鸭 10 0只分为 2组 ,喂以缺锌 (Zn 2 2 9mg)和对照 (Zn 10 0mg)日粮 7周 ,观察缺锌对免疫功能的影响。缺锌组免疫器官的绝对重量、生长指数和淋巴细胞生长周期以及外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE+阳性率、血清免疫球蛋白含量和红细胞C3b受体花环、免疫复合物花环率显著降低 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;病理组织学观察 ,免疫器官淋巴细胞显著减少并呈退行性变 ,网状细胞变性坏死 ,电镜下淋巴细胞胞核固缩或溶解 ,细胞器消失 ,网状细胞粗面内质网扩张 ,线粒体肿胀 ,出现大小不等的溶酶体、吞噬体和自噬体。结果表明 ,缺锌严重抑制免疫器官生长发育和外周血T淋巴细胞活化 ,显著降低血清免疫球蛋白含量和红细胞免疫功能 ,并对免疫器官造成明显的病理损伤 ,导致免疫功能下降。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.