三环减速器实际接触齿数及载荷分配的研究

在考虑内啮合齿轮副内外齿廓理论间隙、制造误差及轮齿弹性变形的基础上,建立了三环减速器实际接触地数及各齿间载荷分配的理论分析模型,计算出在额定载荷工况下的实际接触齿对数及各齿上的载荷分配,并利用应变测试方法进行了相应的实验研究,验证了理论分析计算的结果,为三环减速器承载能力的估算、齿轮几何参数的确定及零部件的强度分析计算提供了理论依据。     

考虑混合间隙的空间并联机构非线性动力学特性分析

为了掌握同时考虑球面副间隙和三维转动副间隙的空间并联机构的非线性动力学特性,研究考虑混合间隙的空间并联机构多体系统动力学特性分析方法。首先以4-UPS/RPU空间并联机构为研究对象,建立三维转动副间隙和球面副间隙的模型,推导同时考虑球面副间隙和三维转动副间隙的4-UPS/RPU空间并联机构动力学方程;然后利用龙格库塔法对动力学方程进行数值求解,分析不同间隙类型、间隙、驱动速度和摩擦因数对并联机构动力学响应的影响,通过ADAMS虚拟样机仿真验证动力学模型和数值计算的正确性;最后利用相轨迹图、庞加莱映射图和分岔图等分析考虑混合间隙的4-UPS/RPU并联机构的非线性特性。该研究为考虑混合运动副间隙的空间并联机构动力学建模和非线性动力学特性分析提供了依据。     

减小三环减速器振动的试验研究

对三环减速器传动机理进行了研究,根据动力分析计算结果提出了减小三环减速器振动的措施,并进行了试验研究。     

含运动副间隙汽车摆振系统非线性动力学建模

机构运动副间隙对系统动力学响应有重要影响,有必要将转向机构运动副间隙引入汽车摆振系统动力学分析。基于非线性系统动力学,应用拉格朗日方程建立了考虑转向机构运动副间隙的六自由度摆振动力学模型。通过仿真分析讨论了车速对前轮摆振的影响,结果表明在特定车速范围内前轮会发生自激摆振,这与实际情况吻合,验证了模型的正确性。     

DQ2020堆取料机斗轮机构改造

通过对斗轮机构改造，采用三环减速器替代行星减速器，满足生产实践中对大扭矩、高寿命、高可靠性、高效率减速器的要求，通过改善轴上零件联接方式，提高设备维修性。     

含间隙内燃机曲柄滑声机构动力学研究

考虑到含间隙运动副副元素的碰撞接触时的边界条件，采用非线性弹簧力和非线性阻尼描述副无素的碰撞接触过程，以此为基础建立了含间隙内燃机曲柄滑块机构的动力学模型；通过数值仿真研究了运动副间隙对机构动态特性的影响，并指出在机构高运转条件下，运动副元素存在连续变形接触现象。     

基于ANSYS的三环减速器静力学分析

为查明三环减速器应用中出现振动大、行星轴承烧蚀等问题,借助ANSYS有限元软件建立了三环减速器传动部分的有限元分析模型。利用ANSYS中的自由度耦合和固定约束,将系统中各零部件间的非线性接触问题简化为线性问题加以分析。通过对三环减速器有限元模型的求解,分析了系统各环节的受力,计算了齿轮啮合力、支撑轴承力、输出转矩和内齿板的应力。将有限元计算的结果与实验数据作了比较,二者吻合较好,表明有限元分析模型具有较高的精度。     

考虑润滑间隙效应的空间并联机构动力学优化

为了改善润滑间隙效应引起的空间并联机构动态性能的渐变劣化问题,以■RPaR冗余并联机构为研究对象,提出一种考虑润滑间隙效应的空间并联机构动力学优化方法。建立了考虑润滑转动副间隙的■余并联机构动力学模型;以优化末端执行器的动力学响应误差和优化间隙关节处的约束反力为目的设置目标函数,通过优化末端执行器质量以及转动惯量的方式来缓解运动副间隙导致的劣化效应,建立了考虑润滑间隙效应■余并联机构动力学优化模型;试验验证了所建动力学模型的有效性,对比分析两种目标函数对优化效果的影响以选择最佳优化方式,并分析优化前后考虑润滑间隙效应的空间并联机构动力学特性,结果表明动力学优化使润滑间隙转动副处约束反力峰值降低16.16%,为改善间隙效应提高空间并联机构动态性能提供了理论支撑。     

含间隙超精密压力机柔性多连杆机构动力学建模与仿真

建立柔性多连杆机构动力学模型对分析超精密压力机下死点动态精度具有极其重要的作用。传统的超精密压力机多连杆机构动力学模型一直忽略旋转副和球面副间隙以及曲轴和连杆柔性的影响,从而导致分析精度较低。为更准确地分析其动态响应特性,建立了一种考虑旋转副和球面副间隙及曲轴和连杆柔性影响的改进柔性多连杆机构的动力学模型。仿真结果表明,旋转副和球面副间隙的存在对机构的动态响应特性有很大影响;曲轴中心和球铰球心的运动特征主要表现为2个阶段:自由运动和冲击运动。此外,研究了间隙和曲轴输入转速对多连杆机构动态响应特性的影响,得出了随着间隙尺寸的增加,滑块下死点位置上移,滑块的速度和加速度峰值先减小后增加;随着曲轴转速的增加,滑块下死点位置和最大偏差值也逐渐增大,滑块的速度和加速度显著增加。     

双环减速器的弹性动态静力分析

为揭示双环减速器系统中各零部件的真实受力情况,对完全平衡、非180°相位差的双环减速器进行了深入研究。受力分析中计入了诸多影响因素,如高速轴、环板、齿轮副、轴承的弹性变形及支承轴的附加转角。基于力-位移混合法构造了相应的变形协调条件,建立了该类过约束机构的弹性动态静力学方程。双环减速器中行星轴承的弹性变形最大,高速轴次之;环板的拉压、弯曲变形接近,不可忽略。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。