百香果扦插育苗技术规程

百香果扦插棚选择地势平坦、空旷且附近有水源地方,搭建网棚,建设健康母本园。扦插育苗采用无纺布营养袋育苗,营养土的配方为粉红土和发酵腐熟有机肥按比例将两种土肥混合后消毒,一般在11月下旬至12月下旬,选择无病虫害、健壮、芽饱满、粗细基本一致的枝条进行扦插,在翌年春季出圃。     

黄花菜高产管理措施

黄花菜的增产潜力很大。笔者在陕西杨凌对4年生的沙苑金针菜统计,平均每丛有14.66个花莛,每个花莛着生花蕾39.7个,单花蕾重3.464g,一丛可收鲜花蕾2 016g,每667m~2实栽1 846穴,可收鲜花蕾3 721.5kg。按实测蒸制后晒干率为16％,这样每667m~2产干黄花菜     

菊花的扦插繁殖及插后管理

菊花的繁殖方法有多种,扦插是其最为常见的繁殖方法,一般有枝插、芽插和叶插三种.无论那种方法,对扦插基质的要求是疏松、透气,保温保湿又易于排水.扦插用基质有珍珠岩、蛭石、泥炭、腐叶土、田园土、砂、砻糠灰等,但在实际应用时多用砻糠灰、田园土、少量的砂按一定比例配制而成的混合基质,既可降低成本又符合插穗对基质的要求.     

柴达木枸杞容器育苗技术研究

介绍柴达木枸杞的特征特性,以及塑料大棚硬枝扦插容器育苗技术和智能温室嫩枝扦插容器育苗技术。通过对4种配比基质进行试验,结果表明,纯细沙基质和细沙：泥炭为1：3的基质比较适合枸杞嫩枝扦插。     

潮汕地区夏黑葡萄扦插育苗试验初报

为加速葡萄优良品种的繁育推广,2019年1月对夏黑葡萄进行扦插育苗试验,采用不同扦插基质和不同遮荫度的对比试验,总结出成本低、易操作、易推广、成活率高的方法,即在潮汕地区1～4月份温暖湿润,光照充足,修剪枝条直接露地扦插于田园砂质土壤是最简单的育苗方式。     

无公害油豆角生产技术及病虫害防治

1品种选择 宜选择早、中、晚熟,优质、高产、抗逆性强的品种。 2育苗 2.1育苗方式：采用温室内营养钵育苗或土块育苗。 2.2营养土配制：用60%的田园土,20%腐熟的有机肥,20%的草炭。     

基质对石榴扦插育苗的影响

以1年生石榴枝条为试材,选用河沙、育苗基质、壤土、蛭石4种固体基质与营养液、自来水2种液体基质进行扦插育苗试验,研究了不同基质对石榴插穗发芽率、死亡率、芽长等指标的影响以及这些指标随时间的变化情况。结果表明:河沙扦插育苗效果最好,15d石榴苗发芽率可达100.00%,70d生根率达94.86%,芽长、芽鲜质量和干质量、根数及须根发达程度均高于其它基质;育苗基质效果次之;壤土、自来水、蛭石和营养液效果较差。     

蔬菜营养块育苗技术

信阳市蔬菜育苗仍以传统的床土育苗、营养钵育苗为主。育苗基质为田园土和有机肥。育苗过程存在营养土配比没有标准,难以掌握;病虫草害发生蔓延难以控制;育苗工序难以简化三个难以解决的问题。营养块育苗是应用营养块代替营养钵育苗的一种形式,在信阳     

菊花的扦插繁及插后管理

菊花的繁殖方法有多种 ,扦插是其最为常见的繁殖方法 ,一般有枝插、芽插和叶插三种。无论那种方法 ,对扦插基质的要求是疏松、透气 ,保温保湿又易于排水。扦插用基质有珍珠岩、蛭石、泥炭、腐叶土、田园土、砂、砻糠灰等 ,但在实际应用时多用砻糠灰、田园土、少量的砂按一定比例配制而成的混合基质 ,既可降低成本又符合插穗对基质的要求。枝插 :枝插多用未木质化的软枝做插穗。适用于早黄菊、地被菊及枝条含水量较少的秋菊。其方法是在生长优良的母株上 ,选取新梢长 8～ 1 2ｃｍ作为插穗 ,剪口在节下方0 2ｃｍ处 ,用利刀剪平 ,除去基部叶片…     

莲雾育苗技术研究

通过研究不同浓度NAA、枝条不同成熟度及不同基质对莲雾扦插育苗的影响,以及不同浓度NAA对高压育苗的影响和不同嫁接方法对嫁接育苗的影响,探讨莲雾快速培育优质苗的方法.研究结果表明:莲雾扦插育苗的最佳条件是半木质化的枝条经过1.0 g·L-1的NAA溶液浸泡2 min,插入锯末屑:田园土=1:1的基质,育苗成活率可达90％以上;高压育苗环割后直接用锯末屑:黄泥土=1:4的基质包裹即可,育苗成活率为70％左右;嫁接育苗采用小茅切接的方法成活率达60％以上.     

瓜实蝇对不同寄主果实和不同颜色的趋向性研究

研究瓜实蝇对不同寄主果实和不同颜色的趋向性,结果表明瓜实蝇性成熟和性未成熟的雌、雄虫对苦瓜的趋向性最强,其次是黄瓜,对南瓜、丝瓜、番茄的趋向性较弱。瓜实蝇对黄色的趋向性最强,其次是绿色,对黑色的趋向性最差。     

几种果实不同组织总RNA提取及质量分析

以菊水梨为试验材料,通过2种改良CTAB法对果实不同成熟阶段提取的总RNA质量和产量的变化的影响,研究果实不同成熟阶段果皮和果肉总RNA提取的质量和产量,并针对梨果实不同成熟阶段采用不同的改良CTAB法,以较低的成本从果实中提取完整性好、质量高的总RNA。同时提取近成熟的红富士葡萄、富士苹果和丰香草莓3种果实总RNA。总RNA的质量和产量分析结果表明,方法Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别适用于成熟度较低和较高梨果实总RNA的提取,方法Ⅰ也适用于其它3种近成熟果实总RNA提取。并通过RT-PCR验证,所提取的总RNA可以满足基因克隆和表达等分子生物学实验的要求。     

不同花期不同部位安梨花序香气成分分析

安梨花序具有特殊香气,试验通过建立顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)的方法定性定量分析安梨花序的香气成分,对不同时期不同部位的安梨花序香气成分含量做了分析比较.在不同花期的比较中,对苯醌在三个时期含量都很高,花苞期最高;在不同部位的比较中,2-甲基-1-硝基萘在花托中含量最高,正十四烷在花药中含量最高;在边缘花和中心花的比较中,正十四烷在边缘花中含量较高,对苯醌在中心花中含量较高。     

日本垂枝、叶籽、喇叭、斑叶及雌雄同株银杏资源调查

简述日本垂枝银杏、叶籽银杏、喇叭银杏（我国文献称“筒叶银杏”）、斑叶银杏及雌雄同株银杏实生大树、古树资源概况。查有可靠依据者共有1 1 7株,其中垂枝银杏1 4株、叶籽银杏78株（包括5株雄株）、喇叭银杏1 9株、斑叶银杏4株、雌雄同株银杏2株。部分单株兼具垂枝、叶籽、喇叭、斑叶性状中的2个或5个性状,因此共有1 07株。实际上,该类资源的数量要远多于此。多数单株为各级政府指定的“天然纪念物”,其中国家级指定“天然纪念物”叶籽银杏8株,雌雄同株银杏1株。     

不同砧木嫁接网纹甜瓜试验

为预防网纹甜瓜枯萎病等土传病害,以新土佐、灰甘瓜、全能铁甲南瓜,甬砧3号甜瓜为砧木,以当地主栽的拿玻里网纹甜瓜为接穗,进行嫁接试验。结果表明:拿玻里网纹甜瓜嫁接后,植株的抗病性有了显著提高,对枯萎病的防效高达100%,对白粉病的防效也有所提高,综合抗性增强。其中甬砧3号在4个参试砧木品种中,与接穗拿玻里网纹甜瓜的亲和性最好,抗病性提高明显,品质也较自根苗好。     

Chloride accumulation in different species of grapevine

A range of self-rooted vines, many of which have been used as nematode- and phylloxera-resistant rootstocks, were surveyed for chloride concentration. Petiole analysis showed the following trend for chloride accumulation among Vitis species: V. rupestris < V. berlandieri, V. riparia < V. candicans, V. champini, V. longii < V. cineria, V. cordifolia < V. vinifera.     

不同甜瓜品种再生体系的比较研究

以不同基因型的甜瓜品种为材料,研究了不同激素组合,Ag NO3质量浓度以及基因型对甜瓜再生的影响。结果表明,不定芽诱导中最适宜的激素组合为MS+1.0 mg·L-16-BA+0.5 mg·L-1ABA(脱落酸),在此培养基上薄皮甜瓜‘IVF501’和‘IVF509’的不定芽诱导率分别为88.00%、79.60%,厚皮甜瓜‘IVF525’和‘IVF604’的不定芽诱导率分别为76.50%、74.75%。不同质量浓度的Ag NO3对甜瓜不定芽分化的影响有差异,1.0 mg·L-1Ag NO3有抑制愈伤组织分化的作用,能有效减少玻璃化的发生,当质量浓度为2.0 mg·L-1时,虽然明显地抑制了愈伤组织分化,但同时降低了不定芽分化率。薄皮甜瓜‘IVF501’与厚皮甜瓜‘IVF525’具有较高的不定芽诱导率,将诱导的不定芽转入伸长培养基中(MS+6-BA 0.05 mg·L-1),分化的不定芽能够伸长长大,在生根培养基中(MS+IAA 0.4 mg·L-1)容易生根。薄皮甜瓜获得完整再生植株需50~60 d,厚皮甜瓜获得完整再生植株需60~75 d。     

Effects of vernalization and gibberellic acid on flower bud formation in different genotypes of pea under different photoperiods

The influences of vernalization, photoperiods of 8, 12 or 16 hours, and gibberellic acid (GA) on the flower bud formation of the pea were studied in a Late, a Medium and an Early flowering genotype, each genotypically either Tall or Dwarf, but for the rest genetically identical. The detailed experimental results are summarized on p. 188 (Section 3.4).Just as Medium and Early, Late is considered as a quantitative long-day plant, but its necessary duration of exposure is exceedingly long under short-day conditions. It is suggested to replace ‘critical day length’ by ‘critical duration of exposure’ in the pea and similarly reacting plants. Flower bud formation becomes increasingly more difficult from Early to Medium to Late, from Tall to Dwarf, from photoperiods of 16 hours to 12 hours to 8 hours, and certain combinations become marginal.Vernalization and GA had dramatic effects under the same marginal conditions, but GA was sometimes effective, where vernalization was not. In case of effect of both factors, strong interactions were found: vernalization reduced the effect of GA, and the reverse. This suggests similarity of action.The implications of these results for the mechanism of flower bud formation were discussed. It is presumed that the triple allelic genes for Late, Medium and Early determine a strong, an intermediate and a weak inhibition of flower bud formation, respectively. Inducing factors remove these inhibitions. Long day induces so strongly that vernalization and GA have hardly any supplementary effects, but under decreasing photoperiods, or more general, under marginal conditions, vernalization and gibberellic acid become more and more important as inducing factors.     

Effect of different lifting dates and different lengths of cold storage on plant vitality of silver birch and common oak

Woody ornamental bare-root plants transplanted in urban areas frequently show poor establishment and occasionally high mortality. Tolerance to different stress factors during transplanting is dependent on plant vitality. The significance of lifting date, in combination with different lengths of time in cold storage, was investigated with 2-year old plants of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and common oak (Quercus robur L.). Plants were grown on a field site in Southern Sweden and were lifted on four occasions, at intervals of 4 weeks, during autumn and early winter. After lifting, plants were stored in a cold store for 90, 135 and 180 days and then (a) xylem water potential in roots and shoots, (b) root growth potential (RGP), (c) mortality and die-back, and (d) shoot and leaf growth were assessed. Lifting bare-root plants of silver birch and common oak too early in the autumn resulted in 62% mortality in birch and 43% in oak, and 31 and 26% die-back in birch and oak, respectively. Plants lifted at a later date showed no mortality in birch and <10% in oak, and almost no die-back. Plants lifted too early in autumn showed decreased root, shoot and leaf growth, compared with those lifted later in the autumn. A longer time in cold storage had a further negative effect on plant vitality in plants lifted too early. Plants lifted later in autumn showed little or no difference in mortality or die-back, for different periods of cold storage, and showed an increase in growth with longer periods of cold storage. Birch plants lifted too early had lower water potential, both in roots and shoots, compared to plants lifted at a later date, while oak plants had the lowest water potential when lifted late. Plants lifted on the first occasion had not been exposed to temperatures below +5°C before lifting, while plants lifted 4 weeks later had been exposed for 67 h to a mean temperature below +5°C. Plants lifted on the first occasion had high mortality and more die-back, while those lifted 4 weeks later showed almost no damage at all. These observations indicate that accumulated exposure to low temperature is probably an important factor in the development of stress tolerance in bare-root plants of silver birch and common oak.     

不同柑橘砧木的耐旱性评价

【目的】快速评价柑橘砧木的耐旱性。【方法】对枳及其杂种、宽皮柑橘和香橙在内的共10种砧木苗采用人工控水处理的方法进行干旱处理。通过干旱条件下植株的形态表现和对与逆境相关的生理生化指标进行测定,综合评价各种砧木的耐旱性。【结果】在干旱处理下,不同砧木的萎焉时间和萎焉程度有明显差异。丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等与抗逆性相关的生理生化指标的测定结果显示,10个砧木的SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性都是先升后降,而脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量在不同砧木间的变化趋势存在差异。【结论】用综合隶属函数、主成分分析法对各生理指标进行综合分析能较为客观地对耐旱性进行评价,结合植株形态表现观察结果,发现在本次测试的10种柑橘砧木中,枳杂种‘ZZ-022’的耐旱性最强,而‘扁平橘’的耐旱性最弱。