井冈山市松材线虫病防控形势分析与对策

松材线虫病防控是关系到一个地方生态安全、经济发展的重要工作,井冈山市是江西省的重点生态区,也是全省松材线虫病防控重点预防区,围绕重点预防区,有针对性落实各项预防措施,做到严防死守,确保重点生态区安全。该文分析了井冈山市松材线虫病防控形势和对生态经济的影响,并提出防控工作存在的主要问题和加强防控工作的对策。     

森林松材线虫病防控技术体系研究

松材线虫病是一种由松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)侵染松树引起的毁灭性松树病害,同时也是国际森林植物检疫性有害生物,其传播蔓延迅速,防治难度大,对松树林造成严重为害,被称为松树的"癌症".重庆市巴南区森林覆盖率为41.7%,是重庆市松材线虫病主要疫区.长期以来,实现对松材线虫病的有效防控一直是巴南区松林资源安全和国土生态安全工作的重点,本文从松材线虫病防控技术体系、存在问题和建议3个方面对巴南区近几年来防控松材线虫病的工作进行了总结,旨在为松材线虫病的防控提供参考.     

浅谈森林植物检疫检查程序

近年来,浙江省松材线虫病发生形势严峻。为全面有效地封锁、阻截松材线虫病疫区内病死松木的外流,防范松材线虫病等检疫对象和危险性病虫的扩散传播,省政府批准在全省专门设立25个临时森林植物检疫检查点,并在全省160余个木材检查站增加检疫检查内容。一方面,加强了流通领...     

巴南区松材线虫病防控对策

介绍巴南区松材线虫病的防控形势,针对目前防治中存在的主要问题,探索松材线虫病新的防控对策。     

泰宁县松材线虫病发生现状与防控对策

松材线虫病[Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Sterner et Buhrer)Nickle]是由松材线虫引起的,以松墨天牛为主要传播媒介的一种松树毁灭性流行性病害,被称作松林"SARS"、"癌症",属国际国内林业重大检疫性有害生物。通过对福建省泰宁县松材线虫病发生基本情况、发生特点及治理现状的调查,分析了其发生原因及疫情控制工作中存在的问题,并提出相应的防控策略,以期为泰宁县松材线虫病的除治提供参考。     

吉安市松材线虫病传播风险及防控措施的研究

吉安市位于江西省中部,是江西马尾松、湿地松等经济林的重要生产基地,区域生态地位重要。为更好地保护该区域森林资源和生态环境,本文分析了当前吉安市松材线虫病传播风险,松材线虫病防控存在的问题,并提出了吉安市松材线虫病防控对策与措施。     

加强防范松材线虫病传入确保我省松林安全

松材线虫病是国际性检疫对象 ,是列入国内重点检疫对象之一。该病害对松林危害极大 ,潜伏性强 ,松树被侵染 3个月后即枯死 ,是危及松林生存的毁灭性病害。我国于 1 982年首次在南京发现松材线虫病 ,该病害现主要分布在江苏、浙江、安徽、广东、山东、湖北、台湾及香港等 8个省 (市、区 ) ,发生面积达 7 6 7万ｈｍ2 (除台湾、香港外 ) ,给林业生产造成重大经济损失。江西现有松林面积 40 0多万ｈｍ2 ,且地理位置与气候条件适宜松材线虫病发生 ,如果该病害一旦传入 ,全省绿化成果就会毁于一旦。因此 ,根据松材线虫病的发生发展规律及传播方式…     

云南省松材线虫病的发现与快速根除

2004年6月和11月，云南省德宏州的畹町经济开发区和瑞丽市的思茅松分别发生了松材线虫病，但在省各级政府的大力支持下，病害很快得到了稳定的控制。基于松材线虫病的危险性以及云南省抑制松材线虫病扩散的有效性，本文论述了云南省松材线虫病的发现和治理研究过程，并且总结归纳了治理松材线虫病的经验和方法，希望能为中国松材线虫病的综合治理工作提供有价值的参考信息。     

黔西南州松材线虫病入侵规律及防范对策探究

为预防黔西南州松材线虫病的入侵及蔓延,本研究利用历年来州内松材线虫疫点疫区监测资料及数据,对松材线虫病的传入扩散途径,爆发区的气象特征、松林组分及林龄结构等影响因子进行分析。研究发现:(1)交通便利,与外界交汇频繁的区域易发生病害;(2)第一季度的高温干旱,即日照时数少、降水量较少、气温高会增大松材线虫病发生的机率;(3)松林纯林比混交林受虫害侵害更重,20 a左右的松树易受虫害侵害,而长势较好的幼龄林受虫害危害较轻。此外,松褐天牛的虫口密度也会对松材线虫的蔓延产生重要影响。针对其发生特点,可以从强化检疫、加强病虫害预警、改良林地组分结构、防治松褐天牛等方面开展松材线虫的防治工作。     

ganA在路德维希肠杆菌杀松材线虫中的功能解析

生防微生物已被用于防控松材线虫病,但其杀线防病的分子机制尚不明确。本研究发现,经路德维希肠杆菌AA4处理后,松材线虫的校正死亡率达85%以上,菌株AA4能够显著减轻松树幼苗上松材线虫病的发生。为了探究AA4抑杀松材线虫的分子机制,本研究采用DNA同源重组技术,构建了菌株AA4 β-半乳糖苷酶基因ganA的敲除突变体,并对ganA在AA4抑杀线虫中的功能进行了解析。研究结果表明,敲除ganA后,突变体菌株抑杀松材线虫与防治松材线虫病的效果均显著降低,菌株的运动性与其在线虫上的定殖能力亦显著减弱。此外,与野生型菌株相比,gan A敲除突变体菌株限制线虫运动的能力显著减弱。因此,gan A可能通过调控AA4定殖松材线虫与限制线虫运动的能力,在AA4抑杀松材线虫中发挥重要功能。     

松阳县古松树的松材线虫病现状调查与分析

古松树是历史的见证,是文化的承载,其保护工作具有重要意义,但因松材线虫的传播侵染,其生存状况不容乐观。本研究以松阳古松树为对象,基于分子检测技术,对其松材线虫病现状进行了调查与分析。结果表明,有12个乡镇近60%的古松树均已感病,疫情较为严重,需及时开展抗病保护工作。     

松墨天牛病原菌及其致病性研究

对华东地区松材线虫病疫区和松墨天牛主要发生的13个地区随机抽样调查,共获松墨天牛病原真菌9属12种,病原细菌2属2种。其中,我国首次报道的松墨天牛病原菌新种类有：金龟子绿僵菌小孢变种Metarhizium anisopliae var.anisopliae、粉拟青霉Paecilomyces farinosus、尖镰孢Fusarium oxysporum、蜡蚧轮枝霉Verticillum lecanii、青霉Penicillium spp.、黄曲霉Aspergillus flavus、曲霉Aspergillus spp.、木霉Trichoderma spp.和粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens。经致病性测定表明,球孢白僵菌、金龟子绿僵菌小孢变种、粉拟青霉对松墨天牛有较强的致病力,处理后16d的致死率分别为100%、100%和70%。     

Potential for establishment of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the pine wilt disease under Nordic conditions1

Serious concern about the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and the pine wilt disease arose in 1984 when the nematode was discovered in wood chips imported for the Finnish pulp industry. It has been questioned whether this nematode could establish itself and actually damage pine trees under Nordic conditions. It seems likely that B. xylophilus could reproduce in Nordic forest lands. It is also likely that potential vector insects are present and could be functional in the establishment and epidemic development of the disease. Although temperatures in Nordic areas hardly seem conducive to pine wilt disease, other factors may contribute to disease expression. Research is needed on interactions of stress factors, particularly temperature and soil moisture, in the expression of pine wilt disease. A better understanding of these interactions would aid in evaluating the risk connected with an accidental introduction of the nematode into Nordic countries and provide a sound basis for trade regulations. At present, there are reasons to be most restrictive concerning any possible means of introduction of B. xylophilus.     

The pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle,and its pathogenicity to German Pinus sylvestris provenances

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, can cause pine wilt disease on susceptible conifer species, mainly Pinus spp., outside its natural...     

Comparison of the surface coat proteins of the pine wood nematode appeared during host pine infection and in vitro culture by a proteomic approach

Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become of worldwide quarantine concern in recent years. Here, we disclosed the surface coat (SC) proteins of the PWN which are thought to be one of the key components in pine wilt development. This is the first report that focused on the SC proteins and thoroughly identified those proteins of a plant-parasitic nematode using the proteomic approach. In this study, SC protein profiles were compared for PWNs grown on the fungus Botrytis cinerea and in host pine seedlings. The results demonstrated that the gross amount of PWN SC proteins drastically increased during infection of the host pine. Thirty-seven protein bands showed significant quantity differences between fungus-grown and host-origin PWNs, and were used for identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. These included several proteins that are presumed to be involved in the host immune response; for example, regulators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a ROS scavenger. These results might suggest that the PWN SC proteins are crucial in modulating or evading host immune response. Our data provide a new insight into the mechanism of pine wilt disease and the biological role of the SC proteins of plant-parasitic nematodes.     

马尾松松材线虫病与松材蓝变相关性研究

 研究表明:松材线虫引起的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)病树死亡后期,必然有蓝变(Blue-stain)现象。松材蓝变程度与松树树干部位相关性不大。但是,对于同一棵树,若蓝变程度高,则每一部位的蓝变程度都比较高;若蓝变程度低,则每部位的蓝变程度可能都比较低。蓝变程度与松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的含量也没有正相关关系。在松材线虫病木的检疫过程中,松木蓝变仅可以作为松材线虫病的参考指标。     

A simulation of the effects of early eradication of nematode infected trees on spread of pine wilt disease

Pine wilt disease is currently among the most devastating pine tree plagues on earth. It is caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in a perfect and well synchronized mutualistic relationship with beetles of the genus Monochamus. The disease has a fast and efficient mode of spread, which makes most of the efforts to control it practically insufficient. We investigate how early eradication of infected pine trees, i.e. eradication of trees which just ceased oleoresin exudation, may affect disease spread. In contrast to the sole eradication of killed trees, our results show that under an appropriate combination of eradication strategies: (1) there is a significant increase in the minimum pine density below which the disease fails to invade; (2) the region where reproductive Allee effects may take place are significantly enlarged. We implement optimal strategies for eradication through stochastic search optimization techniques, and conclude that disease extinction can be reached faster with an appropriate combination of eradication measures, minimizing the damage on healthy pine trees and operational costs.     

Pine Wilt Disease Caused by the Pine Wood Nematode: The Induced Resistance of Pine Trees by the Avirulent Isolates of Nematode

Since the beginning of the 20th century, pine trees in Japan have been seriously damaged by the pine wilt disease. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. The control of disease depends to a large extent on chemicals, but the public is now demanding environmentally friendly control methods. The virulence of B. xylophilus varies very widely. Pre-inoculation of young pine trees in a nursery with avirulent B. xylophilus has induced systemic resistance of trees against a subsequent inoculation with virulent B. xylophilus. This induced resistance was considered a hopeful means for developing a biological control for the disease. The induced resistance by the avirulent nematodes was also expressed in mature pine trees in a forest where the disease was naturally epidemic. However, the effects of induced resistance were not satisfactory for practical biological control. Since the inoculation with higher concentrations of the avirulent B. xylophilus induced the resistance more effectively, the pre-inoculation method will need to be improved to develop the biological control. The induced resistance of pine trees by avirulent B. xylophilus should be one of the candidate biological control methods against pine wilt disease. This induced resistance also provides an experimental system to clarify physiological interactions between the nematodes and pine trees.     

高效新型杀松材线虫剂的筛选及其林间防效

为筛选出新型的高效松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus防治药剂,采用浸渍法室内测定了氯氟氰虫酰胺、阿维菌素、甲维盐、灭多威、特丁硫磷、甲基异柳磷和吡虫啉7种药剂对松材线虫的毒杀作用和对其繁殖能力的影响,采用高效液相色谱仪测定氯氟氰虫酰胺在马尾松体内的输导分布,并在林间开展树干注射氯氟氰虫酰胺抗松材线虫病试验。结果表明,7种药剂中氯氟氰虫酰胺对松材线虫的毒力最强,LC_(50)为0.019 mg/L,阿维菌素和甲维盐次之,LC_(50)分别为0.0213 mg/L和0.0214 mg/L。氯氟氰虫酰胺树干注射3个月内能迅速从马尾松基部传导至树梢顶部,树干边材东、南面的药剂含量显著高于西、北面,且树干不同高度的氯氟氰虫酰胺含量均高于其LC50;氯氟氰虫酰胺制剂在林间注干后,对人工接种病原松材线虫松树的防治效果为73.33%,自然感染松材线虫病松树的死亡率降至2.00%,而对照试验中人工接种松材线虫松树和自然感染松材线虫病松树的死亡率分别为93.33%和19.67%。表明氯氟氰虫酰胺制剂能有效预防松树个体的松材线虫病发生与为害,可以推广使用。     

松材线虫对黑松一些生理生化指标的影响（英文）

 松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害。本文对接种松材线虫后3~4年生黑松茎部的一些生理生化指标的变化进行了研究。结果显示,接种线虫后,松苗的可溶性糖含量降低,在病情发展中期和后期比早期降低更显著。松苗的可溶性蛋白质和抗坏血酸含量逐渐降低,游离氨基酸含量也降低。松树茎部的可溶性蛋白质含量可用于病害的早期诊断。此外,对这4个生理生化指标在病害致病机理中的作用进行了讨论。