黔北杂交水稻高产栽培体系探讨

从自然条件、水稻种植水平、病虫草鼠害等方面分析了黔北水稻产量限制因素，系统地开展了高效集成技术的研究与应用，探索适宜黔北水稻实现高效的途径和技术模式。     

黑龙江水稻高产栽培技术与模式研究

根据黑龙江省粳稻主产区的自然条件与农业发展特点,通过研究不同育苗方式、栽培行向、株行距对水稻生长发育及其产量的影响,探讨了北方水稻高产栽培模式。结果表明,钵体育秧可提高水稻株高、单位面积茎数、干物质积累量及叶面积指数,并使水稻分蘖期、抽穗期、成熟期提前;高光效栽培和宽窄行栽培对水稻生育进程无影响;相同水肥条件下,钵体育秧对水稻的增产贡献率最大,其次是高光效栽培,而宽窄行栽培对水稻产量影响不大;钵体育秧、高光效栽培及宽窄行栽培等3项技术组合应用可有效提高水稻单位面积穗数、株粒数和千粒重,进而提高水稻产量。     

我国水稻生产的特点与影响因素调查分析

通过对全国18省46县的水稻生产情况以及影响因素的调查与分析表明,我国水稻生产存在农户种稻规模小、品种多乱杂、技术到位率低以及机械化程度低等特点。在影响水稻生产发展的技术限制因素中,品种因素的影响最大,其次是种稻技术水平;在自然条件限制因素中,光温条件的影响总体较大;在社会经济限制因素中,成本收益因素的影响最大。建议一要加强品种选育与改良,二要加强农技推广和技术培训,三要采取多种措施节本增收。     

水稻重要病虫草害综合防治核心技术

有害生物（病虫草害）是影响水稻高产、稳产、优质生长的重要因素之一。水稻有害生物发生后防与不防、如何防治,防治及时、准确与否,对防治效果、减轻水稻产量损失非常关键。水稻上的有害生物有上百种,但发生、流行频繁,危害大的只有10多种。本文介绍了对水稻产量影响严重、常发的病虫草害及其防治的关键时期、防治技术。     

水稻产量和品质的研究进展

阐述了水稻产量与品质研究的目的和意义,综合叙述了国内外对影响水稻产量因素的研究、影响水稻品质性状的研究、籼粳稻品质性状差异的研究、水稻产量与品质性状相互关系的研究等方面内容。     

浙东沿海单季中晚稻生产现状、问题和对策

水稻是浙东沿海最主要的农作物。近年来 ,随着全国性粮食供求形势的好转 ,宁波市开展了较大规模的种植业结构调整 ,单季稻面积不断增加。据统计 ,宁波市单季稻面积从１９９６年的１．８４万ｈｍ２ 增加到２０００年的５．０４万ｈｍ２。单季稻代替连作稻成为宁波、舟山等市水稻的最主要种植方式。由于自然条件、生产习惯和技术体系等原因 ,宁波市单季稻产量与其他地区相比存在着较大差距 ,加强单季稻生产技术的研究 ,提高其产量 ,对于保障粮食供给 ,增加农业效益具有重要意义。一、浙东沿海单季稻生产的历史和现状浙东地区的单季稻种植已有…     

红兴隆垦区温度条件与水稻产量的分析

本文通过对温度条件与水稻产量关系的研究,指出4～9月平均温度及各生育时期的温度对水稻产量的影响,特别提到阶段性低温和低温冷害是影响水稻产量的主要气象灾害。     

红兴隆垦区温度条件与水稻产量的分析

本文通过对温度条件与水稻产量关系的研究，指出4～9月平均温度及各生育时期的温度对水稻产量的影响，特别提到阶段性低温和低温冷害是影响水稻产量的主要气象灾害。     

早稻穗发芽对水稻产量和米质的影响

以田间自然条件下穗发芽的早稻品种为材料,研究了穗发芽对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明：穗发芽严重影响水稻的千粒重,千粒重降低6．91％～24．45％,同时,穗发芽导致槌米率、精米率和整精米率下降10％～90％,并使透明度和胶稠度下降,严重影响了稻米的加工品质和蒸煮品质。     

水稻苗期低温处理对水稻生长性状及产量的影响研究

近几年来,低温对水稻生产的影响越来越严重,如何抵抗不良的自然环境条件,增加水稻产量已成为当前水稻生产过程中的重要课题,而秧苗素质是影响水稻物质转化和分配的重要方面,从而影响到水稻产量。通过试验,笔者就水稻苗期低温处理对水稻生长发育及水稻产量的影响进行分析,以探讨解决水稻生产中苗期遇低温产生的问题。     

对长江流域早灿稻品质改良中几个问题的看法

对早稻品质改良的可行性、优质高产相结合的可能性和早稻品改的技术路线进行了阐述。认为稻米品质性状是受遗传基因控制的，生态条件对品质有一定影响，但不同品种敏感性不同，通过育种选育对环境钝感的品种可实现早稻生产优质化。优质和高产并不完全矛盾，培育既优质又高产的品种是可能的。并提出了早灿稻品质改良的技术策略。     

Investigating external effects of shrimp farming on rice farming in southern Thailand: a technical efficiency approach

Rice and shrimp farming are two important economic activities in rural southern Thailand that compete each other in land allocation leading to land use conflicts. Moreover, it can be observed that the conversion of rice fields to shrimp farms is already extended from coastal areas to the inlands. These conversions are making more area be saline which is essential condition for shrimp cultivation but deleterious for rice farming. We are looking at the unidirectional externalities originating from the conversion which brings the productivity of adjacent rice fields further down. This study attempts to quantify the external effects on rice yield and efficiency of rice farming by constructing three models. Model I, we assess the rice yield function by using the multiple linear regression while in Model II, we attempt to delineate the technical efficient frontier of rice farms by using an input oriented non-parametric approach, so called data envelopment analysis. Model III, we probe into the factors influencing technical efficiency scores using the Tobit regression. Database of the study is constituted by primary survey data from 120 rice farms in Songkhla province for the crop year 2004/2005. The 30 out of 120 sample farms have been affected by externality of shrimp farming. The empirical results of all three models show that shrimp farming externalities caused a production drop of 467–515 kg paddy rice per ha and significantly affect the technical efficiency of rice farms. The measures of internalizing this externality are discussed.     

宿迁市水稻高产创建途径分析与“9000攻坚”

分析了宿迁市水稻生产现状和高产潜力,针对目前水稻生产中存在农户种植规模偏小、土壤质地和肥力分布不均,产量不平衡、自然灾害频发、直接从事农业技术推广的人才太少,稻农文化素质低等资源条件限制因素和水稻主导品种不突出、水稻栽培技术创新与推广普及力度不强、水稻种植机械化发展较慢、水稻生产科技投入不足等技术障碍,提出加快"籼改粳"步伐,充分发挥粳稻增产潜力、推进水稻机插秧技术普及,提高种稻效益、培肥地力,提高水稻高产超高产实现的概率、加强优质高产抗病专用水稻新品种选育引进、加强水稻高产优质高效安全生态的生产技术体系研究与推广等实现"9000攻坚"技术途径和加大资金投入、提高农田生产能力、提高水稻高产超高产技术的支撑能力、加强技术推广服务体系建设、注重考核,改进管理等政策建议。     

水稻细菌性基腐病的发生与防控技术探讨

水稻细菌性基腐病是水稻上重要的细菌病害之一,近几年在南方稻区陆续发生,已给水稻生产带来较为严重威胁。介绍了水稻细菌性基腐病的为害症状、影响因素,并提出了相应的防控技术措施,为有效控制水稻细菌性基腐病提供参考。     

水稻超高产育种研究概况及问题讨论

综述了水稻超高产育种的理论与技术研究概况,并对存在问题进行了分析,提出了水稻超高产育种实践中应掌握的主要指标。     

辽宁省水稻不同产量类型品种产量结构的比较分析

以辽宁省2005年~2011年审定的部分水稻品种为材料,依据产量水平将69个水稻品种划分为高产、中产、低产3个产量类型,研究辽宁省水稻品种产量结构特征,比较了不同产量类型品种产量性状变化。表明,有效穗数、总粒数、千粒重是影响水稻产量表现的最主要的性状因子。高产类型品种在有效穗数、总粒数上处于中高值的比例较高,同时,在性状组合上性状间尤其是在有效穗数和总粒数的结合上表现协调,产量结构运筹上较为合理。水稻品种要获得650 kg/667 m2以上产量的产量结构参数为：有效穗数15个/穴、总粒数125粒/穗,结实率85%左右,千粒重25 g左右。     

腋芽萌发能力对再生稻产量影响的研究进展

再生稻能够充分利用温光资源,一种两收,能提高复种指数和单位面积粮食产量,是增加水稻总产的一条重要途径,对保障我国粮食安全意义重大。再生季有效穗数是影响再生稻产量的重要因子,而有效穗数取决于再生芽萌发能力。提高再生稻腋芽萌发能力对提高再生季水稻产量有关键作用。本文介绍了国内再生稻发展现状,综述了腋芽萌发能力和其影响因素以及提高腋芽能力的技术措施等,并提出了未来加强再生稻腋芽萌发的研究重点,以期为再生稻高产栽培提供理论依据。     

Advances in the Effects of the Ability of Axillary Bud Germination on Grain Yield in Ratoon Rice

Ratoon rice can make full use of heat and light resources. It has the advantage of two harvests with one sowing, and it can increase multiple cropping index and grain yield per unit area, which has great importance to rice production and food security in our country. The effective panicle number plays a vital role in the yield formation in ratoon rice, which depends on the germination ability of regeneration buds. Therefore, improving the axillary bud germination ability of ratoon rice holds the key to increasing rice yield in regenerative season. In this paper, we outlined the current research advances in the mechanism of axillary bud germination and the influencing factors of the germination ability as well as the technical measures to improve axillary bud germination ability. We also proposed the research highlights in the future on enhancing axillary bud germination. It will lay a theoretical basis for higher yield in ratoon rice.     

Factors impacting yields in rain-fed paddies of the lower Mekong River Basin

The Mekong River Basin (MRB) is the biggest basin in Monsoon Asia. About 80% of the agricultural lands, which occupy about 40% of the basin are rain-fed paddy rice area. Therefore, it is assumed that changes in rain-fed paddy rice production affect the total agricultural production to a great degree in the Mekong River Basin. While there are many factors affecting the productivity of rain-fed paddies, such as climate, water use, rice varieties, applications of manure, fertilizer and agro-chemicals, sowing date and other agronomic practices, this paper focuses on the relation between rainfall and yields of rain-fed paddies. Agricultural statistics and rainfall data were collected and analyzed for all 24 provinces in Cambodia for the years 2001 and 2002. Factors such as soil fertility and other natural conditions were removed by comparing the yield and rainfall in one province for different years. Special attention was given to the relation between yields of paddy in the wet season and rainfall, considering factors such as rice varieties, soil fertility, irrigation ratio and the ratio of area damaged by flood, drought, and insect. Although it is not easy to assess those impact factors on yields because they are organically interactive, the following results were obtained: (1) The ratio of high yielding varieties (HYV), soil fertility, and irrigation ratio among many factors that affect yields individually, especially if they are combined, (2) Total rainfall did not have a significant influence on rice yields even for the rain-fed paddies if it was over 700 mm in wet season, and one of the reasons for this would be that there exist supplementary water uses through small ponds and water ponding in local land depressions in and around paddies.     

越南水稻生产与国际贸易情况分析

概述了越南水稻生产的自然条件和种植区域分布;从越南水稻总产、收获面积、单产及稻米国际贸易情况的变化可以看出,越南自1986年政策改革以来,水稻生产取得了令人瞩目的成就,但仍面临多方面的问题,今后应进一步引进和推广杂交水稻,并增强农田基础设施建设等措施,以提高水稻产量。