反转录聚合酶链式反应检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征持续性感染

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征感染的特点之一，是持续性的感染和病毒血症。本研究利用反转录滞酶链式反应检测了ＰＲＲＳＶ ＢＪ－４株单独感染ＳＰＦ仔猪和接种ＰＲＲＳＶ ＢＪ－４后再接种猪瘟疫苗不同时间的血清中病毒的存在，结果显示在感染２４h后的血甭样口 中就发现有病毒ＲＮＡ存在，病毒血症及少持续到感染后３７天，到５０天时已经消失，ＰＲＲＳＶ ＢＪ－４感染后再接种猪疫苗的仔猪的ＰＲＲＳＶ病毒血症没有受到影响。这些结果提供了ＰＲＲＳＶ持续感染的直接证据，解释了实际生产中通过引进临床正常但已经感染了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的猪群造成猪场内病毒的传和长期感染的存在，为采用合理的措施控制疾病提供了依据。     

多重PCR检测猪细小病毒和猪伪狂犬病病毒的研究

根据GenBank上已发表的猪细小病毒（Porcine parvovirus，PPV）的VP2基因序列和猪伪狂犬病病毒（Porcine pseudorabies virus，PRV）的gH基因序列，设计合成了两对特异引物，分别建立了PPV和PRV的单项PCR诊断方法，通过对扩增条件的筛选，最终成功地建立了PPV和PRV的复合PCR诊断方法，即利用一次PCR反应，可同时扩增PPV的751bp和PRV355bp的特异性片段，而扩增猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV．2）及相应的培养细胞（PK-15）核酸结果均为阴性，对PPV和PRV的最低检出量分别为100Pg和10Pg的DNA。该方法适合对PPV和PRV的联合检测和鉴别诊断。     

Detection of hepatitis E virus shedding in feces of pigs at different stages of production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

The aim of this study was to determine at which production stages hepatitis E virus (HEV) is shed by the highest number of pigs and to estimate the relative risk associated with each stage. For this purpose, 146 fecal samples of pigs from 21 farms were studied. In addition, 1 sample from the manure ditch and another sample of drinking water, collected directly from the trough located in the pen, were taken from 16 farms. HEV RNA was detected in fecal samples from 34 pigs (23.29%). The production stages in which most pigs excreted HEV were weaners (41.7%) and pigs in the first month of feeding (60%). The results of the statistical analysis showed that the principal significant risk stage in HEV shedding was the first month of feeding (odds ratio [OR] 19.5, 95% CI 3.59-106.07, P = 0.001) followed by the weaners stage (OR 9.3, 95% CI .78-48.42, P = 0.008). In 8 out of 16 farms tested (50%) HEV RNA was detected in raw manure and in the water trough of only 1. Detection of HEV in manure ditches raises the concern of how to deal with manure of swine origin, because it is used as soil fertilizer.     

Detection of porcine circovirus type 1 in commercial pig vaccines using polymerase chain reaction

The absence of extraneous viruses is a requirement in the quality control of vaccines for veterinary use in the European Pharmacopoeia. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) was evaluated in 18 commercial porcine vaccines. Since vaccine components may contain PCR enhancers or inhibitors, 13 of the studied vaccines (used as diluents) were subsequently spiked with different dilutions of PCV2 and tested by PCR. Although PCV2 DNA was not detected in any of the vaccines tested, PCV1 was detected in 2/18 vaccines (11%). Eleven out of 13 PCV2 spiked vaccines showed a positive PCR result. The lack of amplification observed in two spiked vaccines suggested that use of the PCR assay to detect PCV2 could depend on vaccine composition. The results of this exploratory study have demonstrated that PCR is a rapid and fairly sensitive method for the detection of porcine circoviruses as extraneous agents in vaccine products and can be used in the quality control of pig vaccines. The study has also indicated the need for optimising the sensitivity of PCR methods for PCV genome detection in vaccine products.