新疆羊只常用饲实营养成分的调查与分析

本文对新疆呼图壁、安宁渠、吐鲁番、哈密、奇台、伊宁、昌吉等十几个县市的苜蓿、芦苇、野干草、玉米秆、棉花柞、杨树叶、玉米青贮,玉米、高梁、麸皮、黄豆、菜子饼近二十种羊只常用饲料的营养成分及部分饲料的矿物质含量进行了调查分析,在此基础上提出了适合本地区羊只育肥的科学合理的饲料种类,为养羊业向规模化、集约化方向发展提供可靠的科学依据。     

羊饲料的营养成分及配制

羊饲料的主要营养成分包括蛋白质、能量、矿物质、维生素等,在配制羊饲料时要求各营养物质都要充足、全面、配比合理,这就需要科学合理的配制,了解在饲料配制过程中一些常见的误区,做好饲料原料的选择工作,并合理的使用饲料添加剂,这样才能配制出科学合理、适合养羊生产的饲料.     

8511农场奶牛常用饲料营养成分分析

据材料报道黑龙江省垦区多数农场奶牛生产中盲目性较大．特别缺乏针对性日粮。由于不了解所用饲料质量，饲养随意性较大，很难保汪奶牛产奶需要和生产力的发挥。笔者对8511农场常用的部分饲料进行采样分析，旨在通过测定常用饲料的营养成分，为其科学调制日粮提供参考依据。     

固原市肉牛饲料资源调查与营养成分分析

通过对固原市肉牛饲料资源调查、草畜平衡潜力分析以及107个饲料原料样品营养成分检测分析,厘清了固原市肉牛饲料资源、饲用价值及营养成分含量.并根据调查结果,提出了以种促养、草畜平衡、科学配粮及合理加工调制等方法,可为当地实行精细化、精准化养殖、提高肉牛业发展质量、推动肉牛产业提质增效和可持续发展提供参考.     

甘南藏羊与滩羊等羊羊肉营养成分分析

甘南藏羊肉水分、干物质、灰分分别为68.59、31.41和 1.09 g/100 g,肌肉脂肪和粗蛋白质含量分别为3.43 g/100 g与20.29 g/100 g.甘南藏羊肉K的含量极显著高于滩羊肉和小尾寒羊肉;Fe的含量为31.8 mg/100 g±1.11 mg/100 g,极显著高于当地蒙古羊、滩羊和小尾寒羊(P＜0.01);Zn含量为3.48 mg/100 g±0.43 mg/100 g,高于滩羊、小尾寒羊和当地蒙古羊;Cu的含量为0.25 mg/100 g±0.17 mg/100 g.     

托克逊黑羊羊肉营养成分的分析研究

本研究对托克逊黑羊羊肉品质进行了分析。结果表明：托克逊黑羊蛋白质含量18．56％,脂肪含量6．5％,胆固醇含量54．4mg／100g,氨基酸总和17％。托克逊黑羊羊肉品质优异,是值得推广的新肉羊品种。     

霉菌对饲料营养成分等的影响

长有霉菌的饲用谷物,因营养成分的减少、真菌病和霉菌毒素中毒症,给牛生产带来威胁。真菌病是真菌直接感染动物体而引起的疾病。霉菌毒素中毒症是摄入霉菌毒素而引起的中毒症状。不过,最常见的影响是采食量减少、体增重下降、下痢、流产和死亡等。     

2018年山东省饲料原料及配合饲料霉菌毒素污染状况调查

为了解山东省饲料原料及配合饲料中霉菌毒素含量及污染状况,随机采集于山东各地饲料原料2 237份,配合饲料1 432份,利用上转发光竞争抑制免疫层析法分别测定了黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB_1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和呕吐毒素(DON)含量。结果表明:饲料原料中AFB_1污染率为39.20%,超标率为7.18%;ZEN污染率为43.23%,超标率为12.82%;DON污染率为62.58%,超标率为1.79%。玉米及副产物应重点关注3种毒素的污染,小麦及副产物和米糠重点关注DON污染,花生饼粕重点关注AFB_1的污染;配合饲料中AFB_1污染率为45.88%,超标率为2.74%;ZEN污染率为57.05%,超标率为4.04%;DON污染率为77.37%,超标率为0.81%。配合饲料应关注鸭饲料及猪饲料3种毒素的污染,雏鸡饲料应关注AFB_1污染,生长及产蛋鸡饲料应关注ZEN含量,奶牛精料补充料应关注DON和AFB_1的污染。     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

棉籽壳作为绵羊饲料营养特性的研究

通过消化代谢试验研究绵羊对棉籽壳(含仁棉籽壳、无仁棉籽壳)和粉碎玉米秸秆的自由采食量和表观消化率,旨在对棉籽壳的营养价值和消化特点进行评价.试验选择12只成年新疆美利奴公羊,随机分为2组(n=6),在饲喂300 g/(只·d)混合精料的基础上分别喂给400(试验1组)、800(试验2组)g/(只·d)无仁棉籽壳,用差数法测定绵羊对棉籽壳的表观消化率.另外,选择18只成年新疆美利奴公羊,随机分为3组(n=6),在饲喂300 g/(只·d)混合精料的基础上,分别自由采食含仁棉籽壳(试验3组)、无仁棉籽壳(试验4组)和粉碎玉米秸秆(试验5组),研究绵羊对其的消化代谢情况.结果表明,绵羊对无仁棉籽壳干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素和能量的表观消化率分别为46.71%、47.37%、-53.40%、66.60%、62.48%和42.59%.饲喂含仁棉籽壳、无仁棉籽壳和粉碎玉米秸秆时,饲喂含仁和无仁棉籽壳组的干物质、有机物、纤维素、半纤维素、能量和钙等的采食量均无明显差异(P> 0.05),但采食含仁棉籽壳组粗蛋白质和磷的采食量极显著高于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01),木质素采食量极显著低于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01).饲喂含仁棉籽壳日粮和无仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊间干物质、有机物和能量的表观消化率均无明显差异(P> 0.05),但无仁棉籽壳组绵羊的纤维素和半纤维素的表观消化率却分别显著和极显著高于含仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.05;P< 0.05),含仁棉籽壳组粗蛋白质的表观消化率极显著高于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01);饲喂玉米秸秆时绵羊的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素和能量的表观消化率均极显著高于饲喂含仁或无仁棉籽壳的绵羊(P< 0.01),但钙和磷的表观消化率却低于饲喂棉籽壳的绵羊(P> 0.05).饲喂含仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊的氮摄入量和氮保留率极显著高于无仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊(P< 0.01);饲喂玉米秸秆日粮绵羊和饲喂无仁棉籽壳绵羊在氮保留上无明显差异(P> 0.05).因此,棉籽壳是一种特殊的粗饲料,绵羊对其采食量大,纤维素类物质和能量的消化率较高,但存在着严重的蛋白质消化障碍;无仁棉籽壳日粮与玉米秸秆日粮的营养价值基本相当,但绵羊对无仁棉籽壳日粮的氮消化率较低.     

5种野生牧草的营养成分分析

野生牧草是许多牧区、半农半牧地区重要的草种资源。通过对四川崇州市怀远镇常见的5种野生牧草进行营养成分测定,分析其粗灰分、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和无氮浸出物含量,结果表明,羊蹄和蒲公英粗纤维含量较低,无氮浸出物含量高,粗蛋白含量中等,可以作为当地农民饲养家兔的优良饲草来源。     

新疆阿勒泰地区阿勒泰羊毛绒品质分析

 对新疆阿勒泰地区富蕴县、福海县阿勒泰羊毛绒品质进行了分析,结果表明阿勒泰羊毛绒含绒率高,并且在细度、长度、色度等方面均比较优良,应加以合理的开发利用,并对今后阿勒泰羊育种提出了建议。     

不同来源干苜蓿营养成分测定与分析

【目的】紫花苜蓿具有营养价值高、适口性好、易消化等优点,素有"牧草之王"的美誉,奶牛饲养离不开紫花苜蓿,奶牛业号称"苜蓿型奶牛业"。【方法】本试验对不同奶牛场的八种干苜蓿样品进行干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷成分测定和分析。利用上、中、下9点采样法采集干苜蓿样品,对干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷、有机酸等进行检测。【结果】结果表明,第五场英特干苜蓿干物质、粗灰分含量最高(93.54%,9.84%,P0.05);第六场干苜蓿样品粗白质、粗脂肪、钙含量最高(17.10%,4.76%,1.46%,P0.05),第六奶牛场的干苜蓿营养价值最高;第十四场干苜蓿样品磷含量最高(2.91%)。【结论】不同场家干苜蓿样品营养成分含量不同,进口干苜蓿营养价值优于国产干苜蓿营养价值。     

新疆伊犁地区哈萨克羊与萨福克羊感染支原体肺炎血清学调查与分析

为调查新疆伊犁地区哈萨克羊与萨福克羊感染支原体肺炎的情况,笔者使用绵羊肺炎支原体ELISA检测试剂盒,对新疆伊犁地区部分牧场的哈萨克羊和萨福克羊2个品种羊随机抽查共800份血清样本进行抗原抗体检测。结果显示,新疆伊犁地区的哈萨克羊和萨福克羊2个绵羊品种之间均存在MO感染的现象。哈萨克羊MP-Ab阳性率26.00%,萨福克羊MP-Ag阳性率7.34%;哈萨克羊MP-Ag阳性率22.91%,萨福克羊MP-Ag阳性率19.71%。血清学检测结果表明,新疆本地的绵羊品种（哈萨克羊）抗原抗体的阳性检出率均高于外来引进品种（萨福克羊）。本地绵羊品种抗体阳性率显著高于外来引进品种;不同绵羊品种抗原检测阳性率无显著差异。本试验为探究新疆伊犁地区不同品种绵羊支原体肺炎的诊治方案提供了科学依据。     

河北省畜禽饲料资源中常量元素含量分布研究

试验旨在研究河北省畜禽主要饲料原料中常量元素含量的分布特点。采集河北省内畜禽主要饲料原料共计175份样品,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对常量元素钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、钾(K)、钠(Na)、磷(P)的含量进行了测定。结果表明:各类饲料的平均Ca和K含量顺序为大豆及油粕类>谷物加工副产品>谷物,Na含量顺序为谷物加工副产品>大豆及油粕类>谷物,Mg和P含量顺序为谷物加工副产品≈大豆及油粕类>谷物。与中国饲料成分及营养价值表相比,3种原料中Ca含量偏低、5种原料中Ca含量偏高(P<0.05);6种原料中K含量偏低、3种原料中K含量偏高(P<0.05);2种原料中Mg含量偏低、8种原料中Mg含量偏高(P<0.05)。除玉米蛋白粉外所测原料中Na含量均显著低于成分表中对应原料Na含量(P<0.05)。除小麦、稻谷和花生粕外所测原料中P含量均显著高于成分表中对应原料P含量(P<0.05)。结果表明,河北省畜禽主要饲料原料中Na低P高,Ca、K和Mg与成分表中对应原料中元素含量各有异同。     

Investigation of Coccidial Infection and Drug Test of Sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi

The purpose of the experiment was the seasonal variations investigation and drug test on coccidial infected sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi.To count infection rate and infection intention of coccidia by using the saturated solution floating method and MacMaster's method.We carried out drug test by using sulfadimidine, counted reduction ratio and negative transformation rate of oocysts and analysied the average OPG of adult sheep and lamb after sulfadimidine treatment by SPSS 17.0.The result showed that the overall prevalence of coccidial infection was 71.38%, the infection rate of summer was 65.28%, the infection rate of autumn was 78.24%, the infection rate of winter was 62.18%, the infection rate of spring was 81.58%;There was the highest infection rate of lamb;Seven species were identified by morphological analysis.The infection rate of sheep which infected by one kinds of coccidia was 42.75%, 2 to 4 kinds of coccidia was 53.94%, more than 5 kinds was 3.31%.The best effect of insecticide was high dose group, whose oocyst decrease rate and negative rate was better than the medium and low dose groups.Meanwhile, lamb using low dose could achieve obvious repellent effect.In order to treat the coccidial infected sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi, we could use the sulfadimidine to do the anthelmintic work of lamp in spring and autumn.     

新疆乌鲁木齐绵羊球虫感染调查及驱虫试验

试验旨在对新疆乌鲁木齐绵羊球虫感染季节动态变化进行调查及药物驱虫试验。采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特计数法计算感染率和感染强度,使用磺胺二甲嘧啶进行驱虫试验,计算卵囊减少率和转阴率,用SPSS 17.0软件分析成年羊和羔羊驱虫前后平均OPG。结果表明,绵羊总感染率为71.38%,夏季感染率为65.28%,秋季感染率为78.24%,冬季感染率为62.18%,春季感染率为81.58%;羔羊感染率最高;经形态学鉴定共发现7种绵羊球虫,感染单一虫种的占42.75%,感染2~4种的占53.94%,感染5种以上的占3.31%。成年羊高剂量组的卵囊减少率和转阴率最高,与中、低剂量组相比,驱虫效果较好;羔羊使用低剂量就能取得明显的驱虫效果。因此针对新疆乌鲁木齐绵羊球虫感染,今后应做好羔羊及春、秋季节的驱虫工作,使用磺胺二甲嘧啶进行驱虫,能取得较好的驱虫效果。