中澳大麦抗渍性资源的鉴定与筛选初报

通过对国内外引进的大量大麦品种资源灌水处理的方法，对其抗渍性进行鉴定，选出一些抗渍性好的品种资源。通过对它们的评价和筛选，为中澳大麦育种家提供综合性状优良的抗渍品种，并用于基因图谱构建和基因克隆。     

大麦品种苗期湿害试验及品种耐湿性研究

前两年 ,我们通过对国内外引进的大量大麦品种资源灌水处理的方法 ,对其抗渍性进行鉴定 ,初步选出一批抗渍性好的品种资源。本试验同样采用人工灌水模拟自然湿害对主批初选出的品种资源进行进一步鉴定 ,为中澳大麦育种家提供综合性状优良的抗渍品系 ,并用于基因图谱构建和基因克隆     

大麦品种苗期湿害试验及品种耐湿性研究

前两年，我们通过对国内外引进的大量大麦品种资源灌水处理的方法，对其抗渍性进行鉴定，初步选出一批抗渍性好的品种资源。本试验同样采用人工灌水模拟自然湿害对主批初选出的品种资源进行进一步鉴定，为中澳大麦育种家提供综合性状优良的抗渍品系，并用于基因图谱构建和基因克隆。     

驻大麦4号品种的选育及高产栽培技术

“驻大麦 4号”饲料大麦新品种 ,是河南省驻马店市农科所最新选育的晚播早熟、增产潜力大、有突破性的大麦新品种。该品种株型紧凑 ,茎秆粗壮 ,耐肥抗倒 ,抗病 ,适应性广 ,耐渍耐旱 ,穗大粒多、高产稳产 ,赖氨酸含量较高 ,是一个优质饲料大麦新品种 ,已于 2 0 0 1年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。示范推广面积已达 12 3万hm2 ,为河南、湖北大麦产区的当家品种     

驻大麦4号品种的选育及高产栽培技术

“驻大麦4号”饲料大麦新品种，是河南省驻马店市农科所最新选育的晚播早熟、增产潜力大、有突破性的大麦新品种。该品种株型紧凑，茎秆粗壮，耐肥抗例，抗病，适应性广，耐渍耐旱，穗大粒多、高产稳产，赖氨酸含量较高，是一个优质饲料大麦新品种，巳于2001年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。示范推广面积巳达12．3万hm^2，为河南、湖北大麦产区的当家品种。     

西藏栽培大麦品种资源的特点及其利用

本文展示了大麦在西藏自治区作物生产及西藏大麦品种资源在国产大麦品种资源中的重要地位。阐明了西藏大麦品种资源具有裸粒性、多型性、多粒性的三大显明特点。扼要介绍了特异品种资源概况。总结了近40年来抻用西藏大麦品种资源的成就。提出了今后西藏应大力加强妥善保存、加强抗性和品质鉴定、生态区划和生态育种、起源和演化等研究,以求使大麦品种资源不断地为发展科学和生产服务。     

大麦种质资源成株期对西藏白粉菌自然群体的抗性评价及8个菌株的毒性谱分析

大麦白粉病病原菌禾谷布氏白粉菌(Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei)毒性变异频率高,常因主要流行小种的更替而导致抗病基因"丧失"功能。该病在我国东部以及西南部大麦栽培区域为害日益严重,急需发掘抗病基因资源,为抗白粉病育种提供抗源材料。本研究对来源于云南和西藏的不同地点的8个菌株进行毒性谱分析,选用其中强毒性菌株16248-4苗期人工接种鉴定300份大麦品种资源的抗病性,同时将这些大麦资源在白粉病常发流行区西藏林芝种植,利用病原菌自然群体田间鉴定成株期抗病性。毒性谱分析发现,云南菌株对鉴别品系的平均毒性频率高于西藏林芝地区菌株。在所鉴定的大麦资源中,全生育期高抗材料92份,具有成株抗性特点的品种97份,另外还发现12份材料在苗期表现为抗病,但在成株期表现为感病。本研究获得的大麦抗白粉病品种资源可为大麦抗白粉病育种提供良好的抗源材料。     

大麦赤霉病、白粉病抗源筛选研究

1991～1995年,在浙江省筛选抗大麦赤霉病3271份。其中,国内品种2416份,鉴定出抗病品种5份,中抗的204份;国外品种493份,鉴定出抗病品种4份．中抗的118份;野生大麦362份,未鉴定出抗病品种尚有待于进一步筛选。对2931份大麦种质资源进行了抗白粉病抗源筛选。其中国内外资源1827份鉴定出抗病品种12份;野生大麦1104份,未筛选出抗源,尚待继续鉴定。     

大麦赤霉病,白粉病抗源筛选研究

１９９１－１９９５年,在浙江省筛选抗大麦赤霉病３２７１份。其中,国内品种２４１６份,鉴定出抗病品种５份,中抗的２０４份;国外品种４９３份,鉴定出抗病品种４份,中抗的１１８份;野生大麦３６２份,未同抗病品种尚有待于进一步筛选。对２９３１份大麦种质资源进行了抗白粉病抗源筛选。其中国内外资源１９２７份鉴定出抗病品种１２份;野生大麦１１０４份,未筛选出抗泊,尚待继续鉴定。     

外引大麦品种在呼和浩特地区的适应性及利用价值研究

通过对从国内外引进的62份大麦品种进行观察、鉴定和对主要品质性状的分析测试,筛选出了 PF—52296、4045、8886、8831、8828等适于在内蒙古中西部地区栽培的啤酒大麦品种。还选出了一些具有特殊优良性状(如矮杆性、早熟性、抗病性等)的大麦品种,增加了当地大麦育种的种质资源。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.