Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax

In order to identify effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax, a two-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in typical semi-arid and hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau with 3 replicates in 2013 and 2014. Two levels of N application included 150 ​kg/hm² (N₂) and 75 ​kg/hm² (N₁). P application included 150 ​kg P₂O₅/hm² (P₂) and 75 ​kg P₂O₅/hm² (P₁). Temporal and spatial variation of soil nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) contents in 0–60 ​cm soil layer, and relationship between soil NO₃⁻-N accumulation (SNA) and grain yield of oil flax were analyzed. Results showed that SNA increased with evaluated N application rate in different soil layers (0–20 ​cm, 20–40 ​cm and 40–60 ​cm). With the increased P application, SNA increased at N₁ level but decreased at N₂ level. SNA under N₂P₁ treatment increased by 73.33% in 2013 and 74.97% in 2014 respectively, compared with control treatment (CK) at maturity stage. Grain yield of oil flax also increased by 44.27% in 2013 and 56.55% in 2014, compared with CK under the same treatment. Correlation analysis showed that SNA in different soil layers were respectively positively correlated with grain yield. In conclusion, this research suggested that the optimal fertilizer application rate was 150 ​kg ​N/hm² and 75 ​kg P₂O₅/hm² in the Northwest of China.     

施磷量对高磷土壤小麦磷素吸收和土壤磷平衡的影响

为给高磷土壤小麦磷管理提供依据,在河南省温县速效磷为49.1 mg·kg^-1的土壤上开展2年田间试验,设置5个施磷量水平（0、45、90、135、180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2）,研究施磷量对小麦产量、干物质积累、磷素吸收利用及土壤磷素平衡的影响。结果表明,随施磷水平的提高,小麦产量呈先增后减趋势,且两年分别在90和135 kg·hm^-2施磷量下最高。90 kg·hm^-2施磷处理显著提高小麦干物质积累量,施磷量进一步增加时干物质累积量无显著变化,叶片等各器官均表现出相似趋势。第一年小麦花后干物质转运量以90 kg·hm^-2施磷处理最高,转运效率为36.7%;第二年花后干物质转运量以135 kg·hm^-2施磷处理最高,转运效率为30.9%。小麦开花期和收获期磷素积累量均以90 kg·hm^-2施磷处理最高,施磷处理收获期吸磷量比不施磷处理增加14.5%～44.6%,开花后各器官磷素转运量和转运效率以90 kg·hm^-2施磷处理相对较高。磷肥利用率随着施磷量增加呈下降趋势,90 kg·hm^-2施磷处理下磷肥利用率相对较高,磷肥偏生产力、农学效率、表观回收率两年平均为130.8 kg·kg^-1、 10.6 kg·kg^-1、23.9%。磷肥用量高于90 kg·hm^-2时,土壤磷素呈盈余状况;在90 kg·hm^-2施磷水平下土壤磷素盈余0.1～17.3 kg·hm^-2;在施磷135 kg·hm^-2和180 kg·hm^-2时,土壤磷素盈余量分别为32.1～77.5和101.5～115.3 kg·hm^-2。这说明,在土壤磷素肥力较高的情况下,推荐施磷量90 kg·hm^-2,可促进干物质和磷素积累,提高小麦产量,同时维持合理的磷肥利用率及磷素平衡状况。     

施氮对滴灌春小麦干物质、氮素积累和产量的影响

为给北疆地区滴灌春小麦生产中氮素管理提供依据,以新春6号为材料,设置5个施氮水平(施纯氮0、150、300、450和600 kg·hm-2,分别用N0、N1、N2、N3、N4表示),分析了施氮量对滴灌春小麦干物质、氮素积累和产量的影响.结果表明,滴灌春小麦植株干物质和氮素积累特征符合Logistic曲线,施氮能促进其干物质和氮素积累,以N2处理表现最佳,其干物质量和氮素积累量分别达到19 745.03和310.97kg·hm-2,比其他处理分别高4.42％～60.74％和3.68％～79.65％.滴灌春小麦产量和氮肥当季利用率受施氮量影响均显著,且均随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中产量以N2最大,比N0增产45.04％.经函数拟合,施氮量为366.83 kg·hm-2时,滴灌春小麦产量最高.     

Influence of Crop Nutrition on Grain Yield, Seed Quality and Water Productivity under Two Rice Cultivation Systems

The system of rice intensification (SRI) is reported to have advantages like lower seed requirement,less pest attack,shorter crop duration,higher water use efficiency and the ability to withstand higher degree of moisture stress than traditional method of rice cultivation.With this background,SRI was compared with traditional transplanting technique at Indian Agricultural Research Institute,New Delhi,India during two wet seasons (2009-2011).In the experiment laid out in a factorial randomized block design,two methods of rice cultivation [conventional transplanting (CT) and SRI] and two rice varieties (Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa 44) were used under seven crop nutrition treatments,viz.T 1,120 kg/hm2 N,26.2 kg/hm2 P and 33 kg/hm2 K;T 2,20 t/hm2 farmyard manure (FYM);T 3,10 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N;T 4,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 90 kg/hm2 N;T 5,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N+ 1.5 kg/hm2 blue green algae (BGA);T 6,5 t/hm2 FYM+ 60 kg/hm2 N+ 1.0 t/hm2 Azolla,and T 7,N 0 P 0 K 0 (control,no NPK application) to study the effect on seed quality,yield and water use.In SRI,soil was kept at saturated moisture condition throughout vegetative phase and thin layer of water (2-3 cm) was maintained during the reproductive phase of rice,however,in CT,standing water was maintained in crop growing season.Results revealed that CT and SRI gave statistically at par grain yield but straw yield was significantly higher in CT as compared to SRI.Seed quality was superior in SRI as compared to CT.Integrated nutrient management (INM) resulted in higher plant height with longer leaves than chemical fertilizer alone in both the rice varieties.Grain yield attributes such as number of effective tillers per hill,panicle length and panicle weight of rice in both the varieties were significantly higher in INM as compared to chemical fertilizer alone.Grain yields of both the varieties were the highest in INM followed by the recommended doses of chemical fertilizer.The grain yield and its attributes of Pusa 44 were significantly higher than those of Pusa Basmati 1.The seed quality parameters like germination rate and vigor index as well as N uptake and soil organic carbon content were higher in INM than those in chemical fertilizer alone.CT rice used higher amount of water than SRI,with water saving of 37.6% to 34.5% in SRI.Significantly higher water productivity was recorded in SRI as compared to CT rice.     

水氮运筹对强筋小麦干物质转运与籽粒产量的影响

为探讨冀东麦区水氮运筹对强筋小麦干物质转运与籽粒产量的影响,以强筋小麦品种津农7号为材料,采用裂区试验设计,以追氮春灌时间为主区［返青期追氮灌水（T₁）、起身期追氮灌水（T₂）和拔节期追氮灌水（T₃）］,氮肥运筹为副区［基施N 120 kg·hm^-2+追施N 120 kg·hm^-2（N₁）、基施N 90 kg·hm^-2+追施N 120 kg·hm^-2（N₂）和基施N 120 kg·hm^-2+追施N 90 kg·hm^-2（N₃）］,比较分析不同处理下津农7号籽粒产量、干物质转运和氮肥偏生产力的差异。结果表明,水氮运筹对津农7号的籽粒产量和穗粒数影响显著,不同处理下小麦籽粒产量为8 734.82～9 763.22 kg·hm^-2,其中T₂N₁和T₂N₂处理的籽粒产量显著高于其他处理;T₂的平均氮肥偏生产力较T₁和T₃分别高4.84%和1.88%,且T₂N₂处理最高。各处理花后干物质转运对籽粒产量的贡献率为57.35%～89.74%,说明小麦籽粒产量多源于花后干物质积累。T₂条件下成熟期小麦营养器官氮素积累量和籽粒氮素积累量均显著高于T₁和T₃,且N₃下花前氮素转运效率较N₂无显著变化,说明追氮灌水前移至起身期可促进强筋小麦氮素转运及籽粒氮素积累。在本试验条件下,基施N 90 kg·hm^-2,起身期灌水并追施N 120 kg·hm^-2可在协调小麦干物质和氮素的积累、转运和分配的同时稳定产量,提高氮肥利用率,从而实现强筋小麦节氮稳产。     

氮肥减量配施生物炭对北疆灌区春小麦光合和干物质转运特性及产量的影响

为探讨氮肥减量配施生物炭对北疆灌区春小麦光合和干物质转运特性及产量的影响,通过田间试验,设置对照（不施氮,CK）、常规施氮（300 kg·hm^-2、N1）、单施生物炭（20 t·hm^-2、B）、常规施氮+生物炭（N1B）、减氮15%（255 kg·hm^-2、N2 ）、减氮15%+生物炭（N2B）、减氮30%（210 kg·hm^-2、N3）、减氮30%+生物炭（N3B）8个处理,对比分析了不同处理间春小麦光合作用、干物质积累和转运及产量的差异。结果表明,与常规施氮相比,减氮（N2、N3）对春小麦光合作用、干物质积累和转运均无显著影响,但产量及其构成要素和氮肥农学利用效率随着施氮量的减少而降低,配施生物炭后上述各指标均显著提升。综合表现以减氮15%配施生物炭处理（N2B）效果最优。该处理下旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率处于较高水平,成熟期单茎干重、籽粒占单茎重比例、花前同化物对籽粒产量的贡献率分别为5.01 g、51.31%和18.03%;籽粒产量为8 301.35 kg·hm^-2,较 CK及N1处理分别增产38.09%和18.11%;氮肥农学利用效率最高,为12.40 kg·kg^-1。在本试验条件下,氮肥减量15%配施20 t·hm^-2生物炭最有利于春小麦光合生产、干物质积累和转运及产量提升。     

限水灌溉下追氮水平对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及物质运转的影响

为给华北地区冬小麦节水栽培条件下氮肥合理运筹提供理论依据,以高产小麦品种周麦18为供试材料,在大田限水灌溉条件下,设置六个不同氮肥处理［各处理底施和追施氮量（底氮+追氮）分别为：0+0、120+0、120+60、120+120、120+180、120+240 kg·hm^-2］,研究了限水灌溉条件下追氮水平对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及物质运转的影响。结果表明,施氮量120+60 kg·hm^-2时,小麦产量最高,达到8 749 kg·hm^-2。限水灌溉条件下追氮水平对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及物质运转有较明显的调控效应,总体表现为,在0～120 kg·hm^-2范围内,随着追氮量的增加,旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和叶绿素含量增大,胞间CO₂浓度降低,延缓了旗叶的衰老进程,延长了光合功能期,有利于光合产物的积累,而过高的追氮量（180～240 kg·hm^-2）并没有在更大程度上提高旗叶净光合速率和叶绿素含量以及降低胞间CO₂浓度;适当追氮（60 kg·hm^-2）虽然增加了花前贮藏物质和氮素的运转量,但运转率下降;过多的追施氮肥（120～240 kg·hm^-2）会导致花前贮藏物质和氮素运转量、运转率及对籽粒的贡献率显著降低。在本试验条件下,最适的施氮处理为120+60 kg·hm^-2。     

高油玉米花粉直感等遗传效应对普通玉米产量及品质的影响

通过大田试验筛选出了高油玉米为普通玉米单交种授粉来达到增产和提高普通玉米含油量、蛋白质含量的组合。所筛选出的3个组合(SN3×HO115、SN3×HO298、SN98-1×HO298)中,与普通玉米自身相比较,子粒产量分别提高1 457.6、1 465.1和1 363.1 kg/hm²,油产量分别提高296.1、323.3和300.8 kg/hm²,蛋白质产量分别提高296.0、15.6和389.6 kg/hm²。高油玉米的花粉直感及与普通玉米杂交的杂交优势效应在大田玉米生产中应用前景广阔。     

Profiling the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques on the physicochemical attributes of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins

There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial applications.The work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction(MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum...     

施氮量对强筋小麦物质积累与籽粒产量的影响

为探究冀东地区强筋小麦适宜施氮量,选用2个强筋小麦品种津农7号(氮高效型)和中麦998(氮低效型)为试验材料,设置0 kg·hm^-2(N₀)、180 kg·hm^-2(N₁)、210 kg·hm^-2(N₂)和240 kg·hm^-2(N₃)4个施氮量处理,研究施氮量对强筋小麦籽粒产量和干物质与氮素积累转运的影响。结果表明,在N₀～N₂处理范围内,2个强筋小麦品种的籽粒产量、花前干物质转运量和氮素转运量随施肥量增加均显著增加,N₃处理下2品种的籽粒产量和花前氮素转运量较N₂处理无显著变化,说明适量施氮可促进强筋小麦氮素转运与籽粒产量的提高。增加施氮量可促进花前干物质向籽粒的转运,津农7号的干物质转运率高于中麦998,2个品种的花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率为60.59%～77.16%,说明小麦籽粒产量主要来源于花后干物质积累。2个品种开花...     

Nutritional evaluation,fatty acid analysis and anticancer properties investigation of seeds from kan-zaw,a potential diet oil and medicinal plant

Payenapara lleloneura Kurz. (Kan-zaw), an endemic medicinal plant only found in Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar, is widely used in the treatment of various cancer and different ailments. In the present research, the seeds were phytochemical investigated for their nutritional potential for their use as functional foods or novel diet oil resources. Nutritional evaluation showed that the seeds are rich in fats and carbohydrates (soluble sugars and starch). Fatty acid analyses showed that the seeds accumulate very rich α-eleostearic acid (α-ESA, 18:3^{Δ9cis,11trans,13trans}), an important conjugated fatty acid, up to more than 70 ​% of total fatty acids. The seed oil derived from the Kan-zaw tree contains approximately 3.25 ​% β-eleostearic acid (18:3^{Δ9trans,11trans,13trans}), an unusual conjugated fatty acid that imparts a potent anticancer application and industrially important drying qualities to Kan-zaw oil. Physicochemical properties of the Kan-zaw seeds were examined; petroleum ether (60–90 ​°C) extract of seed oils were also investigated for the saponification value, iodine value and estimation of acid value. Further, the present study investigated cytotoxic potential of ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform Kan-zaw seed extracts and commercial Kan-zaw oil against human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The Kan-zaw extracts and oil have shown significant anticancer activity on HeLa cells.     

施氮量对高产小麦光合特性、干物质积累分配与产量的影响

为明确山东省高产麦区高产节肥高效的施氮量,以高产小麦品种济麦22和烟农1212为材料,在大田试验测墒补灌条件下,设置0(N0)、180(N1)、210(N2)、240 kg·hm~(-2)(N3)四个施氮量水平,研究施氮量对小麦旗叶光合特性、干物质积累分配和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,适量施氮可显著提高灌浆中后期旗叶的叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、蒸腾效率和气孔导度,增加拔节期至成熟期小麦的干物质积累量,提高干物质在籽粒中的分配量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率;与不施氮肥处理相比,施氮180～240 kg·hm~(-2)时,济麦22增产10.1%～28.2%,烟农1212增产27.1%～42.8%。在同一施氮处理下,开花期至成熟期,烟农1212的干物质积累量比济麦22高12.77%～19.92%;花后14～28 d,烟农1212的旗叶净光合速率比济麦22高8.61%～24.11%;灌浆期间,烟农1212花前营养器官贮藏干物质向籽粒的转运量比济麦22高6.10%～11.68%,花后光合同化物积累量比济麦22高12.63%～22.00%,籽粒产量增加12.73%～19.46%。说明适量施氮有利于灌浆中后期小麦旗叶保持较高的光合性能,促进花后光合同化物的积累和向籽粒的分配,发挥品种的高产潜力。当施氮量为210 kg·hm~(-2)时,济麦22和烟农1212的籽粒产量、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力均最高,是该试验条件下的最优施氮量。     

滴灌春小麦群体质量与产量的关系

为探讨滴灌春小麦的高产机理,以新春6号为材料,分析了不同水肥条件下滴灌春小麦群体质量及其与产量的关系。结果表明,滴灌春小麦的茎蘖成穗率、粒叶比及花后干物质对产量的贡献率与产量均呈极显著正相关,孕穗期LAI与产量呈二次抛物线的关系;在拔节期滴灌春小麦的群体茎蘖数量为775.2×104·hm-2、茎蘖成穗率为88.7%、孕穗期和籽粒形成期的LAI分别为7.83和6.22、粒数叶比和粒重叶比分别为4 314.4粒·m-2和224.3g·m-2、花后干物质积累量为7 001.95kg·hm-2、花后干物质贡献率为79.14%时,产量最高(10 967.4kg·hm-2)。说明通过提高茎蘖成穗率,保持适宜孕穗期群体叶面积和提高粒叶比,促进花后物质生产和贮存物运转,协调源库关系,可以实现滴灌春小麦高产。     

Submergence tolerance and yield performance of lowland rice as affected by agronomic management practices in eastern India

Rice is subjected to excessive waterlogging and flash-flooding on large areas in south and south-east Asia. Besides cultivars, submergence tolerance of plants is influenced by various agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted at Cuttack, India during 1994–1995 to study the effect of method of stand establishment (direct seeding and transplanting), vigour of seed (low and high-density) or seedlings (N-fertilized and unfertilized), plant population (normal and 50% more) and N fertilizer (single basal and split application) on yield performance of lowland rice under conditions of natural submergence and simulated flash-flooding (impounding up to 90 ± 3 cm depth for 10 days at vegetative stage). Flooding reached a maximum depth of 80 cm in 1994 and 52 cm in 1995 under natural submergence. The crop performance was better in 1994 due to timely sowing in dry soil and delayed accumulation of water (43 days after sowing) than in 1995 when sowing was done late in saturated soil followed by early water accumulation (28 days after sowing). Grain yield of rice decreased by 30.0–33.6% due to simulated flash-flooding compared with natural submergence, and by 21.4–33.1% due to transplanting in July compared with direct seeding in May-end/early June. The yield of direct-sown crop increased by using high-density seed of 22.9–23.0 mg weight (5.2–9.0%), higher seed rate of 600 m⁻² (2.2–2.3%) and basal fertilization at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ (19.4–25.7%) compared with low-density seed (19.4–20.1 mg), 400 seed m⁻² and no N, respectively. The yield of transplanted crop increased by using N-fertilized seedlings of 0.49–1.65 g weight (29.5–38.5%), higher number of seedlings at 155 m⁻² (3.5–16.7%) and basal fertilization at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ (31.9–32.5%) compared with unfertilized seedlings (0.19–0.79 g), 115 seedlings m⁻² and no N. Split application of 40 kg N ha⁻¹ — 50% each at basal and top dressing (105–115 days of growth after flash-flooding) — improved yield significantly (10.1–13.1%) over single basal application under simulated flash-flooding, but not under natural submergence conditions. Regression analysis indicated that relative contribution of various factors in increasing grain yield was in order: N fertilizer > seed density > seed m⁻² in direct-sown rice, and N fertilizer > seedlings m⁻² > seedling dry weight in transplanted rice. It was concluded that grain yield of flood-prone lowland rice can be increased by establishing the crop early through direct seeding using high-density seed and basal N fertilization.     

Effects of rainfall,temperature and illumination on outcrossing rate of male sterile line in soybean

To improve seed yield of male sterile line, the relationship between outcrossing rate and climate factors was explored. Data of blooming period, outcrossing rate of male sterile line and climate during 2006–2016 growing seasons were investigated and analyzed. The shortest blooming period was 18.8 ​d with mean temperature of 24^oC–25 ​°C and 18.5 ​d with about 125 ​h natural illumination. More rainfall caused a longer blooming period, and a high outcrossing rate was found with about 100 ​mm rainfall and the mean temperature of 24^oC–25 ​°C. Increased natural illumination time by tapetum lucidum mulching improved outcrossing rate by 42.48% compared tocontrol. Overall, the selective combination of climate and environmental factors could be effective for increasing outcrossing rate and hybrid seed yield in the male sterile line of soybean.     

Lipid analysis of three special nervonic acid resources in China

Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body. Malania oleifera, Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil. This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources. Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector (GC-FID). Triglycerides (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs) were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry (shotgun-MS). Results showed that M. oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid (46.20 ​± ​0.22%) among the 3 oils. Seeds oil of A. truncatum and X. sorbifolium had 3.53 ​± ​0.20% and 1.83 ​± ​0.21% nervonic acid respectively. 53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M. oleifera oil, with PLs content of 499.94 ​± ​22.34 ​μg/g. In A. truncatum oil, PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M. oleifera oil, and its’ content of PLs was 76.27 ​± ​3.21 ​μg/g. In X. sorbifolium oil, 75 TAGs and 34 ​PLs were detected, with the lowest PLs at 23.84 ​± ​0.17 ​μg/g. The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health.     

雨养和灌溉条件下施氮量对小麦干物质积累和产量的影响

为给冀东地区小麦高产栽培提供技术参考,以高蛋白质品种京冬8号和低蛋白质品种宝麦38为材料,设置0、120、240和360kg·hm-2三个施氮水平,研究了在灌溉和雨养条件下氮素营养对冬小麦干物质积累和产量形成的调控效应。结果表明,适量施氮提高了小麦干物质积累量、结实小穗数和穗粒数,促进了叶片、茎和鞘的花前贮存干物质在花后向籽粒中的转移,但过量施氮则抑制灌溉条件下营养器官花前贮存干物质在花后向籽粒的转移。施氮量对千粒重的影响因基因型和土壤水分状况不同而差异。随施氮量的增加,在雨养和灌溉条件下京冬8号千粒重分别呈降低和增加趋势,宝麦38千粒重均呈下降趋势。适当施氮可促进分蘖和分蘖成穗。与雨养栽培相比,灌溉可促进小麦干物质积累,增加穗数和延长灌浆时间,提高籽粒产量。随着施氮量的增加,两品种的氮肥生产效率和氮肥农学效率均降低。宝麦38和京冬8号籽粒产量达到最高的施氮量在雨养条件下均为120kg·hm-2,在灌溉条件下分别为120和240kg·hm-2。从产量和氮肥利用效率综合来看,宝麦38的适宜施氮量为120kg·hm-2,京冬8号的适宜施氮量为120~240kg·hm-2。     

灌溉频率和施氮量对滴灌春小麦干物质积累及产量的影响

通过大田试验,研究了不同灌溉频率和施氮量下,滴灌春小麦干物质积累、分配和产量的形成规律。结果发现,相同施氮量下,随着灌溉频率的增加,小麦的LAI、干物质累积最大速率和花后干物质贡献率均表现为中频灌溉(M)高频灌溉(H)低频灌溉(L);相同灌溉频率不同施氮量下,小麦的LAI、干物质累积速率和花后干物质贡献率则均表现为N2N3N1N0;MN2处理与HN2和LN2处理相比,小麦的LAI提高了11.3%和22.1%,干物质累积最大速率提高了2.3%和1.3%,花后干物质贡献率增加了1.71%和2.28%;小麦的库容量提高了12.3%和13.7%,差异均显著(P0.05)。产量构成的通径分析表明,小麦产量指标中,对滴灌春小麦产量的贡献依次为穗粒数穗数千粒重。灌溉频率和施氮量对小麦产量的互作效应明显,当施氮量为308.63kg·hm-2、灌溉频率约为6.52d一次时,滴灌春小麦产量达到最大值(8 804.2kg·hm-2)。     

水氮运筹对新疆滴灌春小麦群体质量和产量的影响

为探明水氮运筹对滴灌春小麦群体质量和产量的影响规律,2017年和2018年在田间滴灌条件下设置1 500、3 750、6 000和8 250 m~3·hm~(-2)4种灌水量(分别用W1、W2、W3和W4表示)和0、225、300和375 kg·hm~(-2)4个施氮水平(分别用N0、N1、N2和N3表示),比较分析了不同水氮处理下春小麦品种(新春6号)的茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、LAI、粒叶比、花后干物质生产力和产量及其构成的差异。结果表明,两年中,春小麦茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、LAI、粒叶比、花后干物质生产力及产量在相同氮素营养条件下随灌水量的增加均呈先增后减趋势,且以W3最大;在相同水分条件下随施氮水平的提高也均呈先升后降趋势,且以N2最大。在所有处理中,W3N2处理的春小麦茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、LAI、粒叶比、花后干物质生产力和产量及其构成因素值均最高。因此,在本试验条件下,灌水6 000 m~3·hm~(-2)和施氮300 kg·hm~(-2)为滴灌春小麦最佳的水氮组合。     

Sesame response to nitrogen management under contrasting water availabilities

Sesame is mainly cultivated under traditional, low-input agro-systems. Recent breeding developments promoted the modernization and mechanization of sesame cultivation. However, only a few articles have been published concerning fertilization requirements for both modern and traditional agro-systems. In field trials at two locations,we determined the response of irrigated sesame to nitrogen(N). Three promising sesame lines were tested combining two irrigation levels with four N levels. At a high ...