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为探讨长期不同烟草种植制度对土壤微生态环境的影响特征及各因子间的内在关系,在长期定位试验点分别收集撂荒地(AL)、烤烟连作(CC)、烤烟-玉米轮作(CR)的土壤样品,通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分析不同种植制度下土壤细菌群落和其他土壤环境因子特征及关系。结果表明,CC显著提高土壤中速效磷、速效钾含量及其过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05),且分别较AL增加55.21 mg/kg、108.06 mg/kg和4.36 μmol/g。不同种植制度下土壤细菌群落在门水平上组成相似,但在属水平上存在显著差异,其中以CC土壤中相对丰度最高的假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)和CR土壤中相对丰度最高的赭黄嗜盐囊属(Haliangium)差异最大,丰度分别高出AL 3.99%和0.90%;CC和CR提高了植烟土壤细菌群的丰度和多样性以及OTU数量,且以CR最为显著(P<0.05)。LEfSe差异分析表明,不同种植制度土壤的优势菌群组成上存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中CC、CR土壤中的主要优势细菌分别为假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)和赭黄嗜盐囊属(Haliangium)。RDA分析和Pearson相关性分析表明,优势菌群与差异微环境因子间存在较强的相关性,以土壤过氧化氢酶活性、速效钾含量对细菌群落分布影响最大,均与假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)的相对丰度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与赭黄嗜盐囊属(Haliangium)的相对丰度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,不同种植制度会导致土壤微生态环境发生显著变化,长期连作会导致植烟土壤速效钾含量显著富集,土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著升高,有益细菌生长受到抑制,土壤细菌群落结构的稳定性受到破坏,进而影响土壤微生态环境的平衡。 相似文献
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为探究南方丘陵地区稻-稻-油菜轮作对土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响,采用常规土壤农化分析和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析方法,以安仁县长期稻-稻-油菜轮作(DDY)和稻-稻连作(DD)土壤为研究对象,比较长期(30 a)DDY和DD处理后3个时期(早稻成熟期、晚稻成熟期、油菜成熟期)土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的差异。结果表明,DDY处理土壤全氮、全磷含量及pH值均低于DD处理,其中,全氮含量在3个时期均差异显著,全钾含量增加但与DD处理差异不显著,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量呈动态变化。轮作对土壤全氮含量影响较大,3个时期DDY处理全氮含量分别较DD处理降低50.76%、46.67%、49.62%。土壤微生物PLFA分析结果表明,与DD处理相比,DDY处理土壤微生物PLFA总量显著提高,3个时期分别提高19.69%、20.20%、49.12%,其中,DDY处理土壤细菌PLFA量显著增加,真菌PLFA量显著降低,真菌与细菌PLFA量比值显著降低。对土壤微生物PLFA进行主成分分析表明,轮作对微生物群落结构产生明显影响,2种种植方式主要影响土壤中细菌和真菌的数量。总之,长期稻-稻-油菜轮作促进了土壤全氮和全磷的分解,显著提高微生物生物量,尤其是细菌生物量,显著降低真菌生物量,提高两者的比值。 相似文献
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为了解烤后健康烟叶和霉烂烟叶真菌群落多样性,采用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对烤后健康与霉烂烟叶样品上真菌群落的ITS1-ITS2区域PCR扩增片段进行测序并分析。健康烟叶组(MJ)和霉烂烟叶组(MB)2类样品真菌主要为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、接合菌门(Zygomycota)等6个门25纲58目187科260个属的394个真菌分类单元(OTUs)。在属水平上,健康烟叶组(MJ)优势真菌为链格孢属(Alternaria),其次为曲霉属(Aspergillus)、新凸轮孢菌属(Neocamarosporium)、赤霉属(Gibberella)、支顶孢属(Acremonium);霉烂烟叶组(MB)优势真菌为曲霉属(Aspergillus),其次为青霉属(Penicillium)和根霉属(Rhizopus)。Alpha指数表明,健康烟叶组(MJ)真菌群落丰富度与多样性均高于霉烂烟叶组(MB)。71.06%的OTUs归属于8个功能类群,其中腐生菌是主要功能类群,研究结果揭示了烤后健康烟叶和霉烂烟叶真菌群落结构,为制定相应的防治方案提供参考... 相似文献
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【目的】研究新疆4大酿酒葡萄产区土壤中的微生物群落结构及多样性,为构建新疆酿酒葡萄主产区的微生物菌库奠定基础。【方法】分别从新疆酿酒葡萄主产区采集土壤样品,提取总DNA,通过Illumina MiSeq高通量测序结合生物信息学分析,得到新疆酿酒葡萄主产区的土壤微生物群落结构及多样性。【结果】在12份土壤样品中,伊犁河谷土壤中细菌的群落多样性最高,天山北麓土壤中细菌群落多样性最低;吐哈盆地中真菌群落多样性最低,焉耆盆地中真菌的群落多样性最高。节杆菌属细菌和耐冷酵母属真菌是吐哈盆地和天山北麓葡萄园土壤中的优势菌属;芽单胞菌属细菌和刚毛四枝孢属真菌是伊犁河谷葡萄园土壤中的优势菌属;节杆菌属细菌和赤霉菌属真菌是焉耆盆地葡萄园土壤中的优势菌属。土壤pH值对细菌群落组成的影响最显著,Mn元素含量对真菌群落组成的影响最显著。【结论】揭示了新疆酿酒葡萄主产区土壤中细菌和真菌群落组成,新疆酿酒葡萄产区的微生物多样性存在差异。 相似文献
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In this study, the abundance, diversity and structure of the diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere soil in three cropping systems and at two oat growth stages were investigated using real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The nifH gene abundance in oat-soybean intercropping (OSO) and oat-mungbean intercropping (OMO) was significantly greater than that in sole oat (O), but the nifH gene abundance significantly decreased at the later stage in all the treatments. Alpha diversity indices in OSO and OMO were higher at the heading stage, but lower at the maturity stage than that in O. Bradyrhizobium and Skermanella were the dominant genera identified in all samples, with an average proportion of 35.8% and 12.4%, respectively. The proportion of dominant genera showed significant differences and varied with cropping system and growth stage. Principal component analysis showed that growth stage had a stronger effect than intercropping on the diazotrophic community structure. However, Mantel test and redundancy analysis showed there was no environmental factor significantly correlated to the diazotrophic community structure. Our results demonstrate that intercropping had a weaker effect than growth stage on the abundance, diversity and structure of the diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere soil. 相似文献
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【目的】通过研究马铃薯健康植株与黄萎病株的根际土壤真菌群落结构与功能多样性的差异,明确土壤真菌群落结构与黄萎病发生之间的关系,为最终从微生物生态学的角度解释马铃薯黄萎病的发生原因及其生态防控提供理论依据。【方法】以河北省坝上地区马铃薯健株与黄萎病株的根际土壤为研究对象,分别利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)和高通量测序(Illumina MiSeq)技术检测根际土壤中大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)ITS基因拷贝数量并分析真菌群落结构变化,结合冗余分析(RDA)明确真菌群落结构与土壤养分的相关性。同时利用Biolog-ECO平板法比较健株与黄萎病株根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力。【结果】马铃薯黄萎病的发生与土壤中大丽轮枝菌ITS基因拷贝数量存在相关性,在病株根际土壤中病原菌数量高,而在健株根际土壤中未检测到病原菌。高通量测序分析表明,病株根际土壤真菌多样性指数低于健康植株,但多样性差异不显著。在群落组成的门水平上,与健株根际土壤相比,病株根际土壤中的子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和丝孢菌门(Mortierellomycota)相对丰度上升幅度分... 相似文献
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不同种植模式与施肥对烤烟产质量和养分利用的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为给烤烟优质栽培提供科学依据,通过10年定位试验,研究了不同种植模式与施肥对烤烟产质量和养分利用的影响。结果表明:烤烟轮作+有机无机配施的烟株发病率最低,烟叶产量和产值,比烤烟连作+单施化肥分别提高13.53%和57.23%。在轮作+有机无机配施处理烟株的氮、磷、钾吸收量显著高于连作+单施化肥。植烟土壤中的有效养分呈单峰曲线变化,与烟株养分需要协调一致。经地下径流流失的氮、钾分别占施肥量的19.18%~26.54%和18.42%~23.41%,其中,硝态氮超过氮素流失量的98%。烤烟轮作+有机无机配施的处理氮、钾流失量低于连作+单施化肥处理。 相似文献
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作物定位轮作体系长期试验研究(Ⅲ)--轮作与连作对土壤微生物数量的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
1997~2002年在东北农业大学校内农学试验田进行了作物定位轮作的长期试验研究,1997年对土壤微生物数量进行了测定,以探讨轮作与连作对土壤微生物数量的影响。研究表明,土壤细菌和放线菌在前期数量较低,在生育盛期和成熟期较高,土壤真菌数量在前期呈现较高的水平,后期数量反而较低;大豆对各类土壤微生物的繁衍均有一定的促进作用,这种促进作用在作物生育中后期才有表现;玉米连作使土壤微生物数量略有减少;小麦连作更有利于土壤微生物的繁衍。大豆田土壤微生物的数量变化与大豆生长发育状况相关性不明显。 相似文献
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A field experiment involving cry1Ab transgenic rice(GM) and its parental non-cry1Ab rice(M) has been on-going since 2014. The diversity of the bacterial communities and the abundance of the microbial functional genes which drive the conversion of nitrogen in paddy soil were analyzed during the growth period of rice in the fifth year of the experiment, using 16 S rRNAbased Illumina Mi Seq and real-time PCR on the amoA, nirS and nirK genes. The results showed no differences in the alpha diversity indexes of the bacterial communities, including Chao1, Shannon and Simpson, between the fields cultivated with line GM and cultivar M at any of the growth stages of rice. However, the bacterial communities in the paddy soil with line GM were separated from those of paddy soil with cultivar M at each of the growth stages of rice, based on the unweighted Uni Frac NMDS or PCoA. In addition, the analyses of ADONIS and ANOSIM, based on the unweighted Uni Frac distance, indicated that the above separations between line GM and cultivar M were statistically significant(P0.05) during the growth season of rice. The increases in the relative abundances of Acidobacteria or Bacteroidetes, in the paddy soils with line GM or cultivar M, respectively, led to the differences in the bacterial communities between them. At the same time, functional gene prediction based on Illumina Mi Seq data suggested that the abundance of many functional genes increased in the paddy soil with line GM at the maturity stage of rice, such as genes related to the metabolism of starch, amino acids and nitrogen. Otherwise, the copies of bacterial amo A gene, archaeal amo A gene and denitrifying bacterial nir K gene significantly increased(P0.05 or 0.01) in the paddy soil with line GM. In summary, the release of cry1Ab transgenic rice had effects on either the composition of bacterial communities or the abundance of microbial functional genes in the paddy soil. 相似文献
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为对肉鸡盲肠微生物的多样性进行探索,选取15只饲养在相同条件下的科宝-500肉鸡,利用Illumina MiSeq测序平台与Qiime等16srRNA序列分析工具在22日龄时采集盲肠内容物进行研究。结果显示:1)测序共获得359 158条有效序列与3 210个OTU,并且由稀释曲线可以证明此次测序结果比较全面的覆盖了肉鸡盲肠微生物群落。2)各样品菌群之间存在差异,得到序列的数量以及菌群多样性差别较大。3)通过核心菌群分析可知,4个共享菌群在门水平上分别为:拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(70.0%±12.1%)、厚壁菌门Firmicutes(25.4%±11.2%)、变形菌门Proteobacteria(4.3%±3.7%)和蓝菌门Cyanobacteria(0.3%±0.5%)。4)有益菌群如乳酸杆菌属Lactobacillus、双歧杆菌属Bifidobacterium虽然存在于盲肠微生物中,但相对丰度不高。5)PICRUSt分析盲肠菌群对应的基因功能发现:功能转运、嘌呤代谢、DNA修复重组蛋白、氧化磷酸化和甲烷代谢等基因功能丰度最高。由此可见,个体差异虽然对肉鸡盲肠微生物结构影响较大,但是仍然存在不少共性。 相似文献
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论作物种植方式 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
黄国勤 《江西农业大学学报》1999,21(4):501-504
作物种植方式是耕作制度研究的主要内容之一。本将作物种植方式分为季节种植方式、季间种植方式、全年种植方式和年间种植方式等四大类型,这对耕作学科的发展是个贡献,对深化耕作制度研究、促进耕作制度改革将起积极作用。 相似文献
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【目的】研究柄扁桃(Prunus pedunculata)根围丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)群落组成的季节动态变化,为柄扁桃天然林的保护和恢复提供理论依据。【方法】以春季(5月)、夏季(7月)和秋季(10月)采集的27个柄扁桃根围土壤样本为研究对象,利用AMV4.5NF/AMDGR引物扩增核糖体小亚基(SSU)rDNA特定片段,Illumina MiSeq测序研究AMF群落,分析其组成和多样性的季节差异,并测定土壤理化性质,调查植物群落和植被盖度,利用冗余分析探究季节、植被和土壤因子对AMF群落的影响。【结果】从柄扁桃根围土壤中共检测到153个AMF操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU),其中春季和秋季AMF丰富度显著高于夏季,春季与秋季间不存在显著差异,Shannon多样性、Simpson多样性和Pielou均匀度指数在季节间不存在显著差异。春季与夏季、夏季与秋季间AMF群落组成存在显著差异,但在春季和秋季间差异不显著。从特有和指示AMF OTU数目来看,夏季最多,春季次之,秋季最少。季节差异会影响特定AMF类群,但不会显著影响AMF丰富度和多样性。AMF丰富度与土壤速效磷和土壤含水量呈极显著负相关;AMF多样性与土壤速效氮、速效磷和土壤含水量呈显著负相关,与植物多样性呈极显著正相关。【结论】柄扁桃根围土壤中AMF丰富度及群落组成呈季节性动态变化,且这种变化可能主要受土壤和植被因子季节变化的影响。 相似文献
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【目的】揭示连作大豆主要生育时期根际土壤微生物群落结构及土壤酶活性变化,为大豆连作障碍提供理论依据。【方法】利用磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)分析方法对连作大豆根际土壤微生物群落结构进行定量分析,同时进行土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性的测定。【结果】大豆重迎茬使土壤PLFA总量、土壤微生物生物量碳含量、土壤脲酶和转化酶活性均显著降低,真菌和细菌PLFAs比例显著增加,土壤过氧化氢酶活性无显著变化。不同连作年限及生育时期对土壤微生物及酶活性的影响均不同,与作物品种、根系分泌物和残茬腐解物的数量和种类密切相关。相关分析表明,土壤PLFAs总生物量与土壤微生物生物量碳和土壤脲酶活性呈现显著正相关,与转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性无显著相关性。【结论】大豆重迎茬使土壤微生物群落结构和土壤酶活性发生改变。大豆连作障碍是大豆根际土壤微生态系统和环境因子等综合作用的结果。 相似文献
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稻田水旱轮作的生态经济效应研究 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
稻田水旱轮作研究表明 :水旱轮作改善了土壤的物理性状和化学性状 ,培肥了地力 ,改善了稻米品质。水旱轮作中综合效益表现最好的是轮作方式 1(紫云英—早玉米—晚玉米→紫云英—早稻—晚玉米→紫云英—早玉米—晚稻 ) ;其次为轮作方式 2 (紫云英—早稻—晚玉米→紫云英—早玉米—晚稻→紫云英—早玉米—晚玉米 ) ;再次为轮作方式 3(紫云英—早玉米—晚稻→紫云英—早玉米—晚玉米→紫云英—早稻—晚玉米 ) ;而连作效果最差。 相似文献
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茬口对农作物产量影响的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
六年试验结果得出,玉米、小麦、大豆产量均轮作高于连作,其中,豆茬玉米六年平均产量5615.90kg/hm^2,连作玉米为4909.42kg/hm^2,二者之间达到1%极显著差异。麦茬麦六年平均产量1876.35kg/hm^2,豆茬麦在1540.78kg/hm^2,连作麦是1419.37kg/hm^2,三者之间达到1%极显著差异水平。麦茬豆六年平均产量1613.63kg/hm^2,油菜茬大豆1574 相似文献
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WeiSong ZHAO QingGang GUO SheZeng LI YaJiao WANG XiuYun LU PeiPei WANG ZhenHe SU XiaoYun ZHANG Ping MA 《中国农业科学》2019,52(24):4505-4517
【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effects of broccoli residues (BR) on cotton verticillium wilt and soil bacterial community structure at different growth stages, and to provide new ways and ideas for green ecological control of cotton verticillium wilt and reduction of chemical pesticides.【Method】In the field plot experiment, the soil planted with cotton was treated with broccoli residues and no broccoli residues (CK). The incidence dynamics of cotton verticillium wilt in different treatments were monitored at different growth stages. The number of DNA copies of Verticillium dahliae was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the structure of soil bacterial communities was measured by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The effects of broccoli residues returning to soil on the quantity of pathogen and the community of soil bacteria were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the characteristics and rules of structural changes of soil bacterial community at the level of phylum and genus in different growth stages.【Result】The incidence and disease index of cotton verticillium wilt showed a downward trend after the return of broccoli residues to soil, respectively. Moreover, the peak period of verticillium wilt was delayed, and 70.77% control efficacy was achieved at the peak period. The development curve of disease index and time course of disease in the whole growth period was established, and the average control efficacy was 57.21%. Compared to the blank control, the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae was decreased by 10.96%, 11.11%, 25.95% and 11.25% at the 4 stages of cotton growing and non-growing season, respectively, after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Illumina MiSeq analysis showed that broccoli residues treatment significantly increased soil bacterial diversity. The richness index Chao1 was increased significantly at all growth stages, and the ACE index was significantly increased at the pre-sowing stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Compared to the blank control, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was increased significantly at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Meanwhile, the results showed that there were differences in the composition of dominant microorganisms at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. For example, Firmicutes increased to the dominant microflora at the pre-sowing stage and seedling stage, and Cyanobacteria became the dominant microflora at the bud stage and flowering and boll stage. Principal component analysis showed that broccoli residues to soil changed the structure of bacterial community at seedling stage, bud stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Further analysis showed that the relative abundance of Streptomyces and Bacillus was significantly increased after the return of broccoli residues to soil.【Conclusion】Broccoli residues returning to soil can effectively inhibit the occurrence of cotton verticillium wilt, reduce the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae in soil, change the structure of soil bacterial community, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms, which is an effective green measure to control cotton verticillium wilt. 相似文献
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为研究不同连作、轮作组合对土壤细菌群落和作物产量的影响,选择北方旱地常见种植作物甘蓝(C)、菜豆(B)和玉米(M),以3种作物轮作下甘蓝-玉米-甘蓝(CMC)、菜豆-玉米-甘蓝(BMC)、甘蓝-甘蓝-甘蓝(CCC)、甘蓝-玉米-菜豆(CMB)、菜豆-玉米-菜豆(BMB)、菜豆-菜豆-菜豆(BBB)、甘蓝-甘蓝-玉米(CCM)、甘蓝-菜豆-玉米(CBM)、菜豆-菜豆-玉米(BBM)、菜豆-甘蓝-玉米(BCM)共10种轮作组合为对象,利用IlluminaHiSeq高通量测序平台,基于16S rRNA基因序列扩增子测序,研究10种轮作模式下耕层土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的变化,分析其不同变化对作物产量的影响。结果表明:各处理间细菌OTU数目差异较小,丰富度间没有差异;前茬种植作物为甘蓝时,CCC处理特有OTU数为2,BMC处理特有OTU数为1;前茬种植作物为菜豆时,BBB处理无特有OTU,CMB处理轮作特有OTU数为1;前茬种植作物为玉米时,CCM、CBM、BCM处理均有1个特有OTU。BCM处理的土壤细菌丰富度指数(Ace指数和Chao1指数)显著低于CCC处理,但CCC、BCM处理与其余处理间无显著差异;与CCC处理相比,BCM处理的Ace指数降低了2.6%,Chao1指数降低了2.5%。CMC、BMC、CCC、BMB、CCM、BBM处理的土壤细菌多样性指数(Shannon指数)较CBM处理显著提高了3.3%~3.6%。与连作相比,CBM处理土壤细菌相对丰度和群落结构变化最大,BCM处理次之;与CCC处理相比,轮作能够降低土壤细菌丰富度和土壤细菌多样性。CMB和BMB处理细菌优势门(相对丰度>10%)为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其余处理细菌优势门为变形菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);各处理相对丰度最大的门是变形菌门(25.0%~31.1%)。与连作相比,CBM处理显著降低酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门相对丰度,显著提高拟杆菌门相对丰度。属水平相对丰度聚类热图显示,CMC、BBB、CCM处理与BMC、BBM、BCM处理土壤细菌群落相似性较高,CCC、CMB、BMB处理与CMC、BMC、BBB、CCM、BBM、BCM处理群落相似性次之,CBM处理与其余9种处理细菌群落差异最大。前茬种植作物相同时,各处理产量均无显著差异,其中CMC、BMB、BBM处理产量最高。综合而言,菜豆-菜豆-玉米为最优轮作组合。 相似文献