犬细小病毒感染病例分析

对60例犬细小病毒临床病例进行统计与分析。数据显示：犬细小病毒病的成功治愈率为66．7％（40／60）,死亡率为21．7％（13／60）,放弃或预后不清的为11．6％（7／60）;就诊时体温在39℃以上的为40％（24／60）,37℃-39℃为35％（21／60）,37。C以下为30％（2／60）,未测体温为22％（13／60）;15％病例只出现呕吐现象（9／60）,85％都表现剧烈呕吐及腹泻（51／60）,其中出现血便的占35％（18／51）;所有发病犬,未作任何防疫的占58．3％（35／60）,近期防疫过的占41．7％（25／60）,在防疫犬中,44％只防疫一次,66％犬（11／25）约防疫2次-3次;所有发病犬。小于2月龄占16．7％（10／60）,2月龄～5月龄占55％（33／60）,5月龄-12月龄占15％（9／60）,1岁以上犬占5％（3／60）;所有发病犬无明显品种特异性。结果表明,该病具有较高的死亡率,科学防疫、极早诊断和有效治疗是提高本病治疗率的关键。     

宠物犬猫常见人畜共患病（下）

猫抓病 猫抓病因临床症状不明显，故临床诊断较困难，该病的诊断主要是实验室诊断，现在主要靠抗体检测和分子生物学检测，而分离培养较少用。酶免疫试验（EIA）检测B.henselae感染后机体的血清学反应。结果猫抓病患者抗B．henselae的IgG和IgM的阳性率分别为40％（8／20）和25％（5／20），总的血清学阳性率为60％（12／20）。在日本已有用于巴通氏体血清学诊断的IFA试剂盒生产。     

青海地区引进仔猪猪瘟抗体的ELISA检测报告

运用ELISA检测方法对调入青海省西宁市、湟源县、湟中县以及海东地区的民和县、循化县、互助县、乐都县送检的438头份仔猪血样,进行猪瘟血清抗体检测。结果表明：7个地区的猪瘟阳性检出率分别为50．00％（60／438）、74．00％（50/438）、48．35％（91／438）、53．73％（50／438）、3．45％（91／438）、46．15％（52/438）和73．33％（60/438）。此次血样检测的群体免疫保护率为59．99％．达到50．00％的保护率．但是远远低于免疫良好猪群的70．00％的保护率。     

复方盐酸土霉素、泰妙菌素可溶性粉对鸡毒支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染的疗效试验

通过人工诱病鸡毒支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染,用复方盐酸土霉素、泰妙菌素可溶性粉进行治疗试验,结果表明：高剂量组（含盐酸土霉素360mg／L、泰妙菌素120mg／L）、中剂量组（含盐酸土霉素180mg／L、泰妙菌素60mg／L）的治疗有效率分别为90．0％、83．3％,均高于单个的盐酸土霉素组（含盐酸土霉素180mg／C）60．0％（P〈0．05）与单个的延胡索酸泰妙菌素组（含延胡索酸泰妙菌素60mg／L）63．3％（P〉0．05）。本研究显示,盐酸土霉素与延胡索酸泰妙菌素联合使用,能够增强治疗效果。     

贵州羊钩虫病调查

1成虫地区分布调查贵州12个主要养羊县市绵羊和山羊小肠内奇生的羊钩虫成虫，在各地羊只的分布感染为威宁70％（105／150），毕节为85％（34/40），赫章为11％（20／20），盘县为77．6％（38／49），纳雍为95．7％（22／23），大方为85．2％（23／27），水城为100％（26／26），罗甸为59．3％（16／27），荔波为10％（1／10），望谟为60％（21／35），桐样为66％（2／3），修文为91.7%（11／12）。此外在务川、绥阳、遵义、安顺等均有感染分布。2羔羊季节感染动态在威宁县种羊场小屯场部，对3月龄羔羊逐月创检4只，观察周年内羊体感染羊约虫…     

鸵鸟支原体病的诊治

１９９６年１２月某鸵鸟养殖场鸟群中发生以咳嗽、呼吸困难、气管罗音等呼吸道症状和腿部病变运动障碍为主的疾病．易感鸟龄为５～１２周龄，发病率２８．４％（２３／８１），病死率８．７％（２／２３），淘汰率３．７％（３／８１）。经流行病学、临床症状、病理解剖和血清学试验分析，确诊为支原体病（Ａｖｉａｎｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍｏｓｉｓ）。通过药物治疗试验证明，壮观霉素（ＵＮＩＳＰＥＣＴ）、百病消（Ｂａｙｔｒｉｌ）、强力米先（ＵＮＩＭＹＣＩＮ）、红霉素（Ｅｒｙｔｒｏｍｙｃｉｎ）和泰乐菌素（Ｔｙｌｏｓｉｎ）等药物治疗有效。     

陕,甘,宁,青部分鸡场减蛋综合症的血清学调查

采用微量血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）检测鸡减蛋综合症（ＥＤＳ－７６）的感染情况，共检测陕、甘、宁、青四省（区）未拉种过ＥＤＳ－７６疫苗的８个鸡场４６５份血清，结果表明，无减蛋症状鸡群美元阳性率为３３．８％（９７／２８７）；有产蛋下降症状鸡群平均阳性率为９２．７％（１６５／１７８）。     

鸵鸟支原体病的诊治

１９９６年１２月某鸵鸟养殖场鸟群中发生以咳嗽，呼吸困难，气管罗音等呼吸道症状和腿部病变运动障碍为主的疾病，易感鸟龄为５～１２周龄，发病率为２８．４％（２３／８１），病死率８．７％（２／２３），淘汰率３．７％（３／８１）经流行病学，临床症状，病理解剖和血清学试验分析，确诊为支原体病（Ａｖｉａｎｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍｏｓｉｓ）通过药物治疗试验证明，壮观霉素（ＵＮＩＳＰＥＣＴ），百病消（Ｂａｙｔｒｉｌ）强力     

三黄白术片对人工感染鸡传染性法氏囊病的疗效

３组１６日龄小鸡人工感染以鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）病毒,４８ｈ后出现临床症状,分别内服三黄白术片,剂量分别为０．３７５ｇ,０．２５ｇ和０．１２５ｇ,每日２次,连服５日,随后的１０日内,治疗组分别死亡１３．３％（４／３０）、１６．７％（５／３０）和４０％（１２／３０）,而未治疗的对照组死亡５３．３％（１６／３０）。在相对增重上,治疗组分别为７３．９％、７０．１％和７１．１％,而未治疗对照组为２５．８％。     

不同粉碎粒度对大豆分离蛋白（SPI）及棉粕分离蛋白（CPI）提取率的影响

采用传统的碱溶酸沉法提取了大豆粕、棉籽粕中的大豆分离蛋白（SPI）及棉粕分离蛋白（CPI）,并分别测定了棉籽粕、60目棉粕分离蛋白和80目棉粕分离蛋白中游离棉酚的含量。结果显示：60目、80目大豆粕中大豆分离蛋白的提取率分别为39．82％和44．95％（P〈（1．05）,粗蛋白含量分别为81．07％和71．35％;60目、80目棉籽粕中棉粕分离蛋白的提取率分另4为23,22％和35．39％（p〈0．05）,粗蛋白含量分别为76．03％和82．44％;棉籽粕、60目棉粕分离蛋白及80目棉粕分离蛋白中游离棉酚的含量分别为2182．54mg／kg、522、79mg／kg和503．87mg／kg（P〈0．01）。这表明不同的粉碎粒度对大豆分离蛋白和棉粕分离蛋白的提取率有显著的影响,碱溶酸沉法显著降低了棉粕分离蛋白中游离棉酚的含量。     

Acute Pancreatitis in Cats With Hepatic Lipidosis

The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence, clinical features, and prognosis of acute pancreatitis in cats with hepatic lipidosis. Of 13 cats histologically diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis between July 1988, and November 1989,5 (38%) were also histologically diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. In cats with hepatic lipidosis alone, the signalment, history, physical examination, and clinicopatho-logic findings were generally indistinguishable from those of cats with concurrent acute pancreatitis except that cats with acute pancreatitis were more likely to be cachectic and to have coagulation abnormalities. Hepatomegaly was seen on abdominal radiographs in both groups. Of the 5 cats with concurrent acute pancreatitis, abdominal ultrasonography detected 1 cat with a hypoechoic pancreas and 5 with peritoneal effusion; those abnormalities were not seen in cats without concurrent acute pancreatitis. Cats with concurrent acute pancreatitis had only a 20% recovery rate, compared with a 50% recovery rate in cats with hepatic lipidosis alone. We conclude that cats with hepatic lipidosis should be rigorously evaluated for concurrent acute pancreatitis because of 1) the rate of disease coincidence, 2) the inability of signalment, history, physical examination, and clinicopathologic findings to adequately distinguish between hepatic lipidosis and acute pancreatitis, 3) the worse prognosis associated with concurrent acute pancreatitis, and 4) the opposing nutritional strategies for hepatic lipidosis and acute pancreatitis. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1993; 7:205–209. Copyright © 1993 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.)     

羊胎盘转移因子治疗猫急性肾衰竭的疗效研究

本试验旨在研究神元康肽羊胎盘转移因子在猫急性肾衰竭病例肾损伤中的作用。试验动物为经综合诊断确诊为急性肾衰的猫,试验分为神元康肽组和常规治疗组2组,结果常规治疗组治愈率为70%,神元康肽组治愈率为90%。本研究的结果证明,神元康肽在治疗猫急性肾衰竭中发挥了重要作用,神元康肽可以提高猫急性肾衰竭的治愈率。     

0.13%百瓒防蛀气雾剂毒理学研究

对0.13%百瓒防蛀气雾剂及其主要有效成分辛硫磷进行了毒理学研究。结果表明:急性吸入毒性(LC50):雌、雄小鼠均大于2150mg/m3;急性经口毒性(LD50):小鼠为9 210mg/kg;皮肤刺激实验:无刺激作用;皮肤变态反应:致敏率为“0”;眼刺激试验:无刺激性;辛硫磷原药(85%)对大鼠28d亚急性吸入毒性:对雄、雌性大鼠无作用浓度(NOAEL)均为10mg/m3。     

丹参联合奥曲肽对犬急性胰腺炎的临床疗效观察

为探讨丹参注射液联合奥曲肽对犬急性胰腺炎的临床疗效,选取浙江大学附属动物医院2014年7月至2016年7月门诊诊断为犬急性胰腺炎的70例病例,将其分为治疗组和对照组,每组35例。对照组采用奥曲肽进行治疗;治疗组采用奥曲肽联合丹参注射液进行治疗,分析2组治疗后犬特异性胰脂肪酶水平、腹痛缓解时间、治疗时间以及临床综合效果。结果显示,治疗组和对照组的治疗有效率分别为80%和65.7%,两组之间具有显著性差异(P0.05),即治疗组能显著缓解腹痛时间和缩短治疗时间。因此,丹参联合奥曲肽治疗犬急性胰腺炎的临床效果显著优于单独使用奥曲肽,为犬急性胰腺炎的治疗提供一种新的临床方案。     

Infectious agents associated with rabbit pneumonia: isolation of amyxomatous myxoma virus strains

Sixty-six rabbits, with no history of vaccination against myxomatosis and which had died of pulmonary lesions, were submitted for virological and serological tests for Myxoma virus (MV) infection and for bacteriological examinations. At post mortem, the diagnoses based on observed lesions were as follows: acute haemorrhagic pneumonia (38%); acute suppurative bronchopneumonia (35%); and fibrinohaemorrhagic bronchopneumonia with fibrinous pleuritis (27%). MV was isolated from 10% of the rabbits, mainly from those with acute haemorrhagic pneumonia. Serological evidence of MV infection was demonstrated in 44% of rabbits. Pathogenic bacteria species isolated from lungs were Pasteurella (spp. and multocida), Escherichia coli, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, from 41, 11, 7 and 6% of samples. No relationship could be established between the presence of specific antibodies to MV and the observed pulmonary lesions or the results of the bacteriological examinations. A significant trend was established between the severity of the lesions and the results of the bacteriological examinations.     

Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA in saliva for diagnosis of acute infection

Diagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is established by detection of anti‐HEV IgM antibodies by ELISA or by amplification of serum viral RNA. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic value of testing HEV RNA in saliva to identify patients with acute HEV infection. Prospective proof‐of‐concept study including patients with acute hepatitis. Whole blood and neat saliva samples were obtained from all patients. Saliva samples were processed and analysed for HEV RNA by RT‐PCR within 2 hr after collection. A total of 34 patients with acute hepatitis and 12 healthy donors were included in the study. HEV RNA in serum was confirmed by RT‐PCR in eight of these patients (23.5%; 95% CI: 12.2%–40.2%). HEV was isolated in the saliva of eight of 34 patients (23.5%; 95% CI: 12.2%–40.2%). All patients with HEV RNA amplified in saliva had detectable HEV RNA in serum. HEV was isolated neither in the saliva of any of the 26 patients without detectable HEV RNA in serum nor in healthy donors. Our study suggests that acute HEV infection could be diagnosed by assessing viral load in saliva.     

桉油溶液剂的急性毒性和安全药理学研究

灌胃给药(ig)研究桉油溶液剂对大鼠的急性毒性。安全药理学试验以高剂量(30%)、中剂量(18%)、低剂量(6%)分别给予大鼠0.3 m L/只涂抹桉油溶液剂,观察其对大鼠神经系统、心血管系统和呼吸系统的影响。桉油溶液剂对大鼠的经口半数致死量(LD50)为3811.5 mg/kg。桉油溶液剂对大鼠的中枢神经系统、呼吸系统和心率等均无明显影响。桉油溶液剂是一种较安全的局部外用药,适合在临床上推广应用。桉油溶液剂经生产实践和兽医临床试验证明具有良好的治疗动物疥螨病效果。     

Genetic variation and phylogenetic analyses of the ORF5 gene of acute porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates

Swine herds in the US have experienced recent outbreaks of a severe form of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (designated acute or atypical PRRS) characterized by abortion and high mortality in pregnant sows. Most of the affected herds had been vaccinated with modified live-vaccines (MLVs) against PRRS. To explore the possible mechanism of the emergence of acute PRRS, the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) gene encoding the major envelope protein (GP5) of acute PRRSV isolates was characterized. The complete ORF5 gene of eight acute PRRSV isolates from herds experiencing acute PRRS outbreaks in Iowa and North Carolina was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analyses revealed that these acute PRRSV isolates shared 88-95% nucleotide and 88-96% amino acid sequence identities to each other, 87-97% nucleotide and 84-96% amino acid sequence identities with other North American PRRSV isolates and the MLVs. Most of the amino acid substitutions locate in the putative signal sequence and two short hypervariable regions at the amino terminus. The ORF5 gene sequence of the acute PRRSV isolate 98-37120-2 from a non-vaccinated swine herd in Iowa is very closely related to that of the RespPRRS MLV, with 97% nucleotide and 96% amino acid sequence identities. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all eight acute PRRSV isolates are clustered within the North American genotype. Several minor branches that are not associated with geographic origins were also identified within the North American genotype. One acute PRRSV isolate (98-37120-2) is clustered with the RespPRRS MLV and several Danish isolates that were confirmed to be derived from the RespPRRS MLV. The ORF5 gene sequences of other seven acute isolates are more related to those of several earlier PRRSV isolates and the PrimePac MLV than to that of the RespPRRS MLV. Our results showed that the acute PRRSV isolates analyzed in this study differed from each other in ORF5 genes, although they all clustered within the North American genotype. The data from this study do not fully support the hypothesis that the emergence of acute PRRS is due to reversion of MLVs to a pathogenic phenotype, as only one of the eight acute isolates was shown to be very closely related to the RespPRRS MLV.     

Titres of alloantibodies against A and B blood types in non-pedigree domestic cats in Turkey: assessing the transfusion reaction risk

The severity of a transfusion reaction depends on alloantibody titres within the recipients' blood. Determination of an agglutination titre of naturally occurring alloantibody may help to assess the risk of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion in a cat population. In this group of 312 cats 227 had blood type A, 78 had blood type B, and seven had type AB blood. All type B cats tested showed gross evidence of agglutinating anti-A antibody with plasma titres ranging from 2 to 256. Among the 227 type A domestic cats tested for plasma anti-B alloantibody titres, 70% had gross agglutination with titres ranging from 2 to 16, while 17.6% had microscopic agglutination. The remaining 12.4% of the type A cats were negative for both gross and microscopic agglutination. Based on agglutinating titres, the relative risk of a transfusion reaction when type A or AB blood was given to a type B cat was 6.4% with acute severe reaction, acute mild reactions in 85.9% and premature red cell destruction in 7.7%. On the other hand, transfusion of type AB blood or type B blood to type A cats carries a potential risk of acute mild transfusion reaction in 4.4% and premature red cell destruction in 83.3%. Transfusion of type A or B blood to type AB cats results in no apparent clinical transfusion reactions.     

免疫增强散对肉仔鸡增重、抗病力的影响及其急性毒性与蓄积毒性试验研究

试验用商品代艾维茵雏鸡1 200只,随机分组,用中草药制剂--免疫增强散按高、中、低三个剂量拌料,同时设氟哌酸药物对照和空白对照,每组设4个重复,每个重复60只,另选用昆明种小白鼠对免疫增强散进行急性毒性和蓄积毒性试验.结果表明,免疫增强散对雏鸡有明显的增重作用,能显著提高雏鸡成活率和饲料转化率,低剂量效果最明显,中剂量、高剂量次之,三个剂量组同空白对照组、药物对照组相比,均差异显著,育雏死亡率分别下降6.25%、5.83%、5.42%(空白组死亡率为7.5%),饲料转化率分别提高13.51%、10.53%、9.28%.免疫增强散LD50>56.0 g/kg,无蓄积毒性作用.