农作物病虫害综合防治的环境医学评价

在开展农作物病虫害综合防治的工作中,合理使用化学农药,不仅节约农药费用和减少伤害有益动物,并能减轻污染环境,从而建立良性农田生态系统的效果。随着化学农药用量的减少,对人群健康的效应竟属如何?我们在1979—1981年作了对比调查。     

兴安县农作物病虫害专业化防治现状与思考

农作物病虫害专业化防治,是新时期适应农村形势发展重要的社会化服务方式,是"十二五"植保工作的重要任务,是农业有害生物防治技术发展的必然趋势和方向,更是提升植保服务质量的一个主要途径。近年来,在区植保总站、桂林市植保站的大力支持下,兴安县植保站按照"政府扶持、部门引导、市场运作、农民自愿、循序渐进"的原则,大力推进农作物病虫害专业化防治,取得了一定的成效,也发现不少亟待解决的问题。     

第二次全国农作物病虫害综合防治学术讨论会

中国植物保护学会和中国农科院植保所于11月21—26日在四川成都共同主持召开了第二次全国农作物病虫害综合防治学术讨论会。全国28个省、市、自治区共179位代表与会。农牧渔业部部长何康同志到会讲了话。     

平坝县农作物病虫害专业化防治

<正>平坝县地处黔中腹地,因地势平坦多坝子而得名。全县耕地面积1.77万hm2,其中田9204.6hm2,土8470.9hm2。667hm2以上连片稻田坝子有6个,素有黔中粮仓之美誉。常年种植水稻、玉米、油菜、小麦、果树、蔬菜等主要农作物4.43万     

农作物病虫害防治要科学合理用药

<正>利用化学农药防治农作物病虫害是植物保护工作中的一个极其重要的手段,长期以来,在农作物病虫害防治中和保证农业丰产丰收方面发挥了很大的作用,但近年来,个别地区某些农药经营部门和农药销售人员,从其他经商行业引进一种套餐型"模式化"营销方式,在植物保护工作中,不按照病虫发生为害的实际情况,单凭一两年所谓"经验"     

农作物病虫害的农业防治措施

农业防治是综合运用农业“八字宪法”控制和消灭病虫发生为害、减少化学农药使用、保护生态环境的良好措施。农业防治的理论依据是从病虫、作物、环境条件的复杂关系中抓住关键．有目的地通过农业技术措施．创造对病虫发生繁殖不利而对作物生长发育有利的条件．直接或间接地消灭或抑制病虫的发生和为害。实践证明,在绝大多数情况下,农业防治措施同高产栽培措施是一致,具有经济有效、安全低碳、生态环保、保护环境、减少污染等优点。农业防治包括栽培制度,管理技术措施等。实行轮作换茬、合理布局品种、适时中耕松土除草、合理施肥、科学灌水、清洁田园、除去杂草等,可以减轻许多病虫的发生和为害。因此,农业防治在作物病虫害防治中非常重要。     

农作物病虫害综合防治参与式培训课程编制的原则与方法

参与式农民田间学校(Farmer Field School,FFS,下称)培训,是近20年来国际上普遍采用的、针对发展中国家小规模农户,提高农作物病虫害管理水平的行之有效的农民教育途径。这种基于参与式培训理论建立起来的农作物全生长季非正规教育方式,要求紧密结合当地农田生态和病虫害管理特点,充分尊重当地农户的管理经验和需求,受训者要参与到制订计划、讨论决策、实践和分享成果的全过程中。培训课程不是一成不变的模式,也不是预先由少部分培训人员或外部专家制订,再交由辅导员具体执行的规范文本。在执行欧盟—联合国粮农组织(EU-FAO,下称)棉花…     

第二次全国农作物病虫害综合防治学术讨论会在成都召开

1986年11月21日至26日,在四川成都召开了第二次全国农作物病虫害综合防治学术讨论会。这次会议主要任务是总结交流第一次讨论会后十二年来,我国农作物病、虫,草、鼠害综合防治的进展和成就,讨论了综合防治理论和技术的有关问题,并对今后工作提出建议;何康部长到会作了重要讲话。 十二年来,我国病虫害综防技术水平和理论研究都有较大提高,已从单一病虫害为对象的防治阶段,开始走向以作物为主体的区域性主要有害生物的综合防治阶段。抗性品种的筛     

长丰县农作物病虫害防治社会化服务体系建设

2007年中央一号文件明确提出了要完善农作物病虫害防治社会化服务体系,建设社会主义和谐新农村的宏伟目标.为认真贯彻中央及省、市文件精神,适应现代农业发展的需要,切实解决现阶段农村千家万户治虫防病难的问题,进一步提高病虫害防治社会、经济、生态"三大效益",根据安徽省植保总站<关于大力推进农作物病虫防治社会化服务工作的通知>(皖农植防[2005]4号)文件精神,在总结前几年开展统防统治示范经验的基础上,长丰县强化了社会化服务体系建设,取得了阶段性成效,为长丰县农业增效、农民增收做出了应有的贡献,为社会主义新农村建设的顺利实现提供了强有力的保障.     

推进农作物病虫害专业化防治之体会

介绍了江苏省宿迁市宿城区农作物病虫害专业化服务组织建设和专业化服务工作开展情况,列举了宿城区在推进专业化防治工作中的主要措施,分析了实施过程中出现的困难和问题,对进一步推进农作物病虫害专业化统防统治工作提出了建议。     

我国生物农药现状分析与发展趋势

生物农药的研究与开发对于满足我国无公害农产品、绿色食品和有机食品生产中病虫害防治的需要,缓解农药残留带来的环境污染具有重要的意义,己成为我国科技界、产业界研究的热点之一。本文介绍了我国生物农药的发展现状,从技术和产业的角度展望了生物农药的发展趋势。     

综合防治与绿色食品工程

本文论及绿色食品生产与有害生物综合治理的关系。人们通过实施作物有害生物综合防治，优化农业生态环境，严格贯彻绿色食品工程操作规程，开拓绿色食品工程。这是一个解决发展高效农业与环境污染矛盾的良好途径。     

Current Status of Integrated Control of Citrus Pests in Israel1)

Following the spectacular biological control of the Florida ted scale, an effective program of integrated control was developed on citrus in Israel. In recent years, a gradual increase of various pests has brought about a marked increase in the amounts of non-selective pesticides applied on citrus, which has in turn triggered still heavier pest resurgences. Intensive efforts are now being made to break that vicious cycle and restore the upset natural balance in the citrus eco-system. A vigorous biological control program has been embarked upon. The prospects for successful integrated control are very good, especially if more realistic tolerances for insect damage on citrus fruit are adopted.     

Current situation of sharka disease in Ankara,Turkey

Sharka disease has a limited distribution in Turkey and does not present a problem for stone fruit production. However, sharka is the most common virus disease of apricots, plums and peaches in Ankara, although it is not a common disease in other cities in Turkey. In different parts of Ankara, 212 private gardens in 21 locations were surveyed forPlum pox virus (PPV) incidence. All together 935 trees of apricot, plum, peach, sweet cherry and sour cherry were sampled and tested for the presence ofPPV by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA).PPV was identified in numerous trees,viz. 286 apricots, 172 plums and 65 peaches. Strain differentiation ofPPV was accomplished using double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA). These assays confirmed the presence of isolates belonging toPPV-M, PPV-D and mixed infections ofPPV-M+D. This is the first report of the presence ofPPV-D and mixed infections ofPPV-M+D in Turkey. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.     

我国杂草科学学科发展现状与展望

杂草科学是研究杂草生物学特性、生长发育规律、分类与鉴定、分布与危害、群落结构与演替、抗药性机制、防治技术的综合学科。本文重点阐述了近5年(2018年－2022年)来我国杂草科学学科在杂草生物学与生态学、杂草抗药性机理、除草剂安全剂作用机理、杂草防控技术等领域取得的系列研究进展, 并展望了今后杂草科学学科的发展方向。     

我国植物保护工作的形势和任务

<正>我国是农作物生产大国,同时也是病虫灾害多发国家,常见农作物病虫害种类有1600多种。这些病虫害的频繁发生,对农作物生长造成的不利影响日益突出。特别是蝗虫、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、小麦条锈病等迁飞性、流行性重大病虫呈加重发生态势,严重威胁粮食稳定发展。受异常气候和农业生态环境     

Current status of red palm weevil infestation in date palm plantations in Israel

The red palm weevilRhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (RPW) is the most serious pest of date palms in the Middle East. Weevil infestation was first detected in Israel in the summer of 1999 in date plantations in the Jordan Valley, on the west bank of the Jordan River and in the northern area of the Dead Sea. For 2 years following the discovery of the pest, prophylactic insecticide chemical treatments as well as adult weevil trapping were carried out over 450 ha of date palm plantations. Traps loaded with a commercial aggregation pheromone, ferrugineol, supplemented with ethyl acetate and a fermenting mixture of dates and sugarcane molasses, were posted in high trap density (approx. ten traps per ha) in order to monitor weevil infestation and reduce the RPW population by mass trapping. A significant decrease in number of trapped beetles and infested trees was observed in 2001 and continued in the following years. No infested trees have been found since 2002, indicating a decrease in RPW population. The sex ratio of trapped adults during 3 years of study was significantly female-biased (∼2.5:1). Therefore, mass trapping might have played a significant role in the suppression of RPW populations in date plantations. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2004.     

有关安徽省有害生物综合治理的实施问题

围绕新时期调整种植业结构 ,发展高效农业、生态农业和出口农业的要求 ,阐述实施有害生物综合治理的重要意义 ,并基于对现状的分析 ,当务之急要在安徽全省广大地区较大幅度地降低化学农药的用量     

海南海巴戟根结线虫病及综合防治

海巴戟(Morinda citrifolia Linn.)又称诺丽(Noni),是茜草科的常绿小乔木或灌木.主要生长在夏威夷、南太平洋岛屿和东南亚等热带地区,我国海南岛、西沙群岛和台湾岛也有分布,是海南4大南药之一.其抗逆性极强,耐干旱、潮湿,可生长于贫瘠的酸性或碱性土壤上.但是,近年来陆续出现树势衰弱,产量和品质下降问题.调查结果表明,海巴戟根结线虫病是主要原因之一.该病在海南省海巴戟产区发生普遍.局部田块发病株率达100%,严重的整片植株枯死.     

Current situation and prospects of potato production in Ukraine1

Total potato production has been maintained in Ukraine, but the share of production on private plots has recently increased from 65% to 97% and the efficiency of production has declined. Protection of the potato crop from pests has suffered particularly. Scientific institutions continue to breed new cultivars (particularly with resistance to wart and cyst nematodes), and the seed-potato production system is being maintained and improved. However, these systems were designed for large-scale production on collective and state farms and have to be adapted to the realities of private production.