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红富士苹果不同树形冠层光照参数与果实品质产量关系的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以红富士苹果为试材,研究了高干开心形、小冠疏层形和纺锤形树冠外层、中层和内层光照强度以及光合特性的季节变化动态和日变化规律及其与果实品质产量的关系。结果表明,高干开心形红富士树冠外层、中层和内层的光强、光合速率、蒸腾速率显著高于小冠疏层形和纺锤形,且冠层光照分布均匀。不同树形的单株产量和品质也存在显著差异,高干开心形树形果实与其他2种树形相比,着色较好,可溶性固形物含量较高,收获时平均单果重显著高于小冠疏层形和纺锤形,且冠层内、中、外果实个体差异较小,但高干开心形树体产量低于传统树形。 相似文献
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渭北产区苹果不同树形光照分布对果实品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验以13年生自由纺锤形、小冠疏层形和中干开心形红富士果树为试材,测定了不同树形冠层的光照分布和果实品质指标。结果表明,中干开心形树冠光照分布均匀良好,果实品质优良,好于自由纺锤形和小冠疏层形,是优质苹果生产优先选择的树形。 相似文献
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富士苹果高干开心形光照分布与产量品质的关系研究 总被引:52,自引:8,他引:52
系统研究了富士苹果高干开心形和不同方法改良的高干开心形树冠内相对光照强度分布的差异、果实产量分布特征及树冠不同部位光照分布与果实品质因素的关系。结果表明,高干开心形树冠大于30%的相对光照强度比例大,且各层分布均匀一致,呈平行排列;高干开心形、两种不同方法改良的高干开心形和小冠疏层形小于30%的相对光照体积所占树冠总体积分别为23.33%、25.95%、32.86%、40.24%;产量分别为47.4、46.6、44.9、39.5 t/hm;高干开心树形比小冠疏层形低光区少17%,产量提高20%,果皮着色、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、果形指数、糖酸比等均高于小冠疏层形。建立了品质因素与相对光照强度关系的回归方程,求出了富士苹果优质生产的最适相对光照强度范围为40%-80%。 相似文献
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红枣直播建园不同树形产量与品质调查研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以农十四师224团直播建园的骏枣为试材,采用圆柱形、小冠疏层形永久株、小冠疏层形永久行、三主枝中干形4种树形方式,研究了不同树形对枣树结构发育、果实产量构成和品质的影响.结果表明:4种树形树冠大小差异大,小冠疏层形树冠最大;不同树形的单株枣股数、枣吊数、每个枣吊枣数、单果重有所差别,是构成产量的主要因素,树冠100~150 cm产量明显高于50~100 cm,单株产量依次为小冠疏层形永久株>小冠疏层形永久行植株>三主枝中干形>圆柱形;4种树形果实性状特征与层次有关,有随果实着生部位升高而增加的趋势,与果实着生方向无明显关系;不同树形、不同层次果实营养品质有所差异,果实含糖量、可溶性固形物含量随果实着生部位的升高而增加,有机酸含量呈下降趋势;维生素C含量小冠疏层形下层果实的较高,而圆柱形和三主枝中干形上层果实的较高;果实营养品质以圆柱形树形的较高,小冠疏层形永久行植株较低.树冠北向果实营养品质较低. 相似文献
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不同土壤上栽培的鸭梨果实品质差异显著,在泊头市砂壤土上的鸭梨可溶性固形物含量平均为12.19%,极显著高于粘壤上的11.37%和粘土的10.96%,粘壤土与粘土差异不显著;另在晋县调查,粉砂土的鸭梨可溶性固形物含量平均为13.40%,极显著高于砂壤上的11.03%,但果肉硬度未明显高于砂壤土。 树形不同果实的可溶性固形均含量差异明显,疏层开心形为12.40%,极显著高于圆头形的11. 42%;两种树形的果肉硬度、含酸量和平均单果重虽有一定差异,但分析表明不显著;光照测定结果表明,疏层于心形的树冠透光率为21.64%,极显著地好于回头形(13.92%)。 从不同留果量(… 相似文献
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不同树形对李树冠层结构和光合特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以吉林省农业科学院待审定品种"公主红"李为试材,对比纺锤形、Y-字形、自然开心形3种树形的冠层结构、光合特性以及叶绿素荧光等参数,以期为确定李树最佳树形、改善果实品质及提高产量提供参考依据。结果表明:3种树形结构因修剪方式不同,枝类组成差异显著。不同枝类间枝条数量表现为簇状枝>短枝>中枝>长枝>超长枝;自然开心形的一年生枝平均茎长显著大于纺锤形和Y-字形,平均茎粗自然开心形与纺锤形差异不显著,但显著大于Y-字形;3种树形结构的冠层特性各指标间存在显著性差异,其中自然开心形具有相对较大的叶面积指数、透光比和冠下总辐射;3种树形光合特性比较,自然开心形与Y-字形净光合速率明显优于纺锤形,且3种树形结果枝净光合速率均大于营养枝净光合速率,蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率等均表现出相同特性;叶绿素荧光参数中,φPSⅡ、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR等参数均表现出自然开心形优于Y-字形和纺锤形。自然开心形的树体结构更为合理,具有更强的光合能力、更高的光电子传递效率和更多的碳水化合物积累,其次为Y-字形,最后为纺锤形。 相似文献
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梨不同树形对光效能及产量品质的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
针对乔砧老梨园高接换优后因树形不同产生的效益差距问题,通过对4种高接后不同树形乔砧梨园的枝量、冠层透光率、光和参数、叶片养分、产量和品质等相关数据进行了连续两年的调查研究,筛选并确定经济效益较高的适宜树形。研究结果表明:4种树形在总枝量、短枝量及短枝/总枝量基本均衡的前提下,树冠内不同部位的透光率、有效光辐射和叶片的净光合速率、鲜样质量、养分含量均有显著差别,进而导致不同树形间果实产量和品质的差异。综合分析认为,乔砧大冠梨园改造转形宜选单层开心形,而中小冠梨树高接换优宜采用细纺锤形。 相似文献
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【目的】探索适宜‘鲁光’核桃优质高产的树形。【方法】以‘鲁光’核桃树为研究对象,分析主干分层形、开心形和自然圆头形3种树形的结构参数、坚果产量和品质,并进行主成分分析。【结果】主干分层形的树高、基径、骨干枝数、单株平均坚果产量、树冠投影面积平均产量、单果质量、仁质量、种仁粗脂肪和抗坏血酸含量最高;开心形的坚果壳厚最小,出仁率和种仁蛋白质含量最高;自然圆头形的总糖和氨基酸含量最高。坚果外观形状无显著的树形间差异。主成分分析表明主干分层形有利于产量的形成,开心形有利于品质的形成,3种树形的综合排名顺序为主干分层形>开心形>自然圆头形。【结论】济南市章丘区‘鲁光’核桃的适宜树形为主干分层形。 相似文献
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以山西省临猗县32年生的‘长富2号’苹果树为试材,以传统郁闭的圆头大冠形为对照,改造后的开心形为处理,测定叶片光合作用在不同叶片表面CO2浓度(Cs)下的光响应和在不同光合有效辐射(PAR)下的CO2响应以及光抑制前后的净光合速率Pn、光呼吸速率Pr和热耗散NPQ变化。结果表明:与自然大气状态下Cs相比,Cs升高到2 000 μmol • mol-1时,开心形和圆头大冠形的叶片最大净光合速率Pnmax分别提高151%和83.5%,光能利用范围分别提高45.8%和87.5%;Rubisco限制的最大羧化速率、最大电子传递速率和磷酸丙糖利用速率均随PAR增加而增大,且在1 500 μmol • m-2 • s-1的PAR下达到最大值。光抑制发生前(8:00—10:00)开心形的叶片Pn和Pr显著高于圆头大冠形,但NPQ无显著差异;光抑制期间(12:00—14:00)两种树形的叶片Pn均显著降低,Pr和NPQ中可恢复组分r(qE)均显著增强且开心形显著高于圆头大冠形;光抑制解除后(16:00—18:00)开心形叶片Pnmax上升42.6%而圆头大冠形无显著变化。综上,CO2浓度升高和PAR增加(饱和光强以下)对叶片光合有正互作效应;开心形树形叶片光合能力显著提高,光抑制时可通过更高效的光呼吸和热耗散自我保护,光抑制过后Pn明显恢复。 相似文献
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微域环境及外源物质对苹果果实5'- 核苷酸酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
果实所处的微域环境对果皮组织中5'- 核苷酸酶活性有很大影响。无论套袋与否, 均以树冠西南方位果实的酶活性最高。由于套袋提高了微域环境温度, 果实5'- 核苷酸酶活性均显著高于不套袋处理。不同类型果袋所形成的微域环境不同, 对果实5'- 核苷酸酶活性影响的效应有异。在一定范围内, 缓慢持续升温或起伏升温都有利于果实5'- 核苷酸酶活性的提高, 但如果升温时间太短, 或温差变化太大,则不利于酶活性的提高。果实在35℃、40℃或48℃处理温度下, 高湿状态均有利于果实5'- 核苷酸酶活性的提高。4种外源活性氧处理均使果实5'- 核苷酸酶活性显著下降, 而外源CaCl2处理果实酶活性比对照提高了55.39%。 相似文献
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Effects of patch shape on the number of organisms 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Toshihide Hamazaki 《Landscape Ecology》1996,11(5):299-306
This study examined effects of habitat patch shape on the abundance of organisms. The effects of patch shape were considered in terms of (1) immigration and emigration of organisms. (2) the amount of available resources in a patch and (3) spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the organisms and environment. I hypothesized that (1) the number of organisms would increase as patch shape elongates because organisms are more likely to encounter an elongated patch, (2) the number of organisms in a patch would remain constant for all patch shapes where the number of organisms in a patch was limited by the amount of resources, because patch shape does not change the patch area that is directly associated with the amount of patch resources, and (3) spatial and temporal variation of the abundance of organisms would increase as patch shape elongates because an elongated patch is more likely to interact with the variable surrounding matrix.Common millipedes,Oxidus gracilis, and their habitat, plywood boards of five shapes (width:length ratio; 11, 14, 19, 136, 1144) with an area of 900 cm2 were placed in forest and old field and the number of millipedes appearing under the boards was monitored. Significantly higher mean number of millipedes under the boards was observed at a patch with an elongated shape in the forest and the old field. A significant positive correlation was observed between perimeter length of a patch and the number of millipedes in the old field. The temporal and spatial variation of the number of millipedes was high in the old field. The spatial and temporal variation was higher for boards with elongated shape. 相似文献
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The branching and spread of roots in containers was studied in a shallow rooting plant (Erythrina corralodendrum) and in a deep-rooting plant (oak, Quercus ithaburensis). In the Erythrina, the weight of the roots was found to decrease towards the base of the container. Sixty percent of the root system was laterals, which were evenly distributed throughout the container. In the oak, a higher root weight was found in the lowest third of the container than in the 2 upper thirds. Lateral roots comprised 14% of the complete root system, mostly in the base of the container. Severe pruning of oak roots resulted in a ratio of main-root/lateral roots comparable to that found in unpruned Erythrina.The growth and distribution of roots of plants with different growth characteristics in containers of various shapes, e.g. deep and narrow, or shallow and wide as compared to regular shape containers, were studied. Thus, in Ficus retusa, which has a shallow root system, the development of roots was stimulated in a shallow and wide container, but roots and canopy were restricted in a deep and narrow container. In Pistacia lentiscus, which has a deep root system, planting in a shallow and wide container resulted in retarded canopy and roots, while growing the same plant in a narrow and deep container showed a stimulated root growth. In Dodonea viscosa, whose root system is naturally deep and tends to spread laterally, a slight retardation of the root development was found when it was grown in a shallow and wide container. When grown in a deep and narrow container, canopy and root growth were stimulated.The study indicated that growth tends to be stimulated when there is a mutual matching between the natural growth pattern of roots and the shape of their container. 相似文献