秘鲁鳀资源变动及与海洋环境要素的关系研究进展

秘鲁鳀(Engraulis ringens)是一种小型中上层鱼类。作为重要的商业性鱼类之一,秘鲁鳀的捕捞产业曾形成了世界上最大的单鱼种渔业,但其产量的年间差异非常大,上升流流场结构变化是其产量变化的重要影响因素。上升流对秘鲁鳀捕捞量的作用机制可归纳为低纬度的地理位置、适宜的水温结构、低溶解氧、高能量传递效率的食物网以及复杂的海洋环境要素变化五个方面。秘鲁鳀渔业生物学的多个方面都显著地受到了海洋环境变化的影响。此外,与气候相关的大尺度海洋生态系统周期性变化(regime shift)也影响到了秘鲁鳀的资源变动。本研究认为,今后在加强对长时间尺度生态系统周期性变化的研究同时,也应注重结合海洋环境变化、捕捞因素及种群的内部动力过程这三者之间的关系,结合基于个体的海洋动力学,建立秘鲁鳀资源评估及预测的模型,为合理开发和管理提供基础。     

秘鲁水产品加工向多样化方向发展

秘鲁海拥有凤尾鱼、鲭鱼、马鲭和大型乌贼等多种鱼类资源,成为世界上水产资源最丰富的海洋之一。秘鲁水产加工业起步于20世纪50年代早期的金枪鱼和鲣鱼罐头生产,60年代转为加工鱼粉．80年代在冷冻鳕鱼的基础上最终发展为冷冻业。     

秦皇岛市水产局两大举措促加工、保出口

针对海洋渔业资源衰退的趋势,秦皇岛市水产局积极组织引导加工出口企业采取应对措施,扩大对周边地区水产品原料收购加工。在立足本市渔业资源的同时,不断向外延伸,加强对大连虾夷贝、唐山杂色蛤等产品的收购加工,保证了加工出口不断档,增加了产品的附加值。     

水产品蒸煮设备中CO2热泵蒸发器仿真试验

为研究水产品蒸煮装备用CO₂热泵中蒸发器的性能变化,通过建立CO₂热泵Simulink动态仿真模型,并搭建用于水产品蒸煮用CO₂热泵试验台,采用仿真计算与试验验证结合的方法,在此水产品蒸煮装备中,控制蒸发温度-5℃~-15℃,研究不同蒸发温度对结霜性能、制热量、热泵系数、压缩比性能参数的影响。结果显示:蒸发温度从-5℃变化到-15℃,结霜速率逐渐增大,在仿真和试验中,热泵蒸煮装备的制热量分别增加0.73 kW、0.70 kW,热泵系数分别降低0.29、0.32,压缩比分别增大0.52、0.50,其中,仿真与试验结果的最大误差率11.79%,最小误差率7.71%,仿真与试验结果吻合度较高。研究表明:在满足水产品加工需求的前提下,为提高加工系统效率,应降低蒸发温度;建立的CO₂热泵仿真平台可以较好地仿真水产品蒸煮装备的运行状况,可为CO₂热泵在水产品蒸煮的实际应用中提供指导作用。     

巴沙位引进及池塘养殖试验

巴沙鱼属鲶形目、鲢科、鲑鲶属、鲢鲶,国内又称龙利鱼、巴町鱼、百岁鱼,主要分布在越南、马来西亚、泰国、老挝、柬埔塞等国家的内陆江河湖泊中,是东南亚国家重要的优质经济淡水养殖品种,目前成为越南出口创汇的主打水产品。     

农业农村部1号文件发布,关于渔业这样部署

2021年2月25日,农业农村部发布《关于落实好党中央、国务院2021年农业农村重点工作部署的实施意见》[农发(2021)1号]。其中对渔业及渔业相关领域做出以下部署:一、推进渔业提质增效。创建水产健康养殖和生态养殖示范区,大力发展循环水、深远海和大水面等生态渔业,推进盐碱水养殖,规范发展稻渔综合种养。推进渔港建设和管理改革,建设渔港经济区。确定新一轮海洋渔业资源总量管理目标,稳步推进限额捕捞和减船转产。建设海洋牧场,开展增殖放流。鼓励发展水产品加工和休闲渔业,规范有序发展远洋渔业。     

贻贝肉快速发酵制取复合氨基酸调味液的试验

贻贝俗称鲜淡菜,是我国沿海产量较大的海产品,其肉营养价值较高,对人体有一定的保健功能,且售价较低,故深受众多消费者的青睐。但由于其体内含酶量和含水量较高,收获后特别容易腐败变质,加之壳体相对较大,使得它在运输、加工和经济价值等方面都受到了制约。因此,对其进行加工工艺和利用方法的研究,就显得很有意义。综观以往的贻贝加工方法,     

开发浅海抗风浪网箱养鱼试验

随着海洋渔业资源修复行动的不断进行,我区开始向近海发展深水抗风浪网箱养殖。通过全面分析养殖鱼类品种的生物学特性、抗病能力,在有关水产专家的指导下,探索和总结出一套行之有效的养殖措施,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。现将有关情况总结如下,供同行参考。     

含可溶物玉米酒糟添加于肉牛犊日粮的试验研究

<正>玉米酒糟副产品已越来越常见,这也促使畜牧生产商不断的投诸于这种饲料。依阿华肉牛研究中心发现:在依阿华州,较饲育场其它生产商相比,牛犊饲养人员较少的利用这     

黄颡鱼高效生态养殖技术试验

<正>为了大力发展高效渔业经济,建湖县恒济镇依托本镇水面资源,以结构调整为主线,发展高效设施渔业,以特种水产品养殖为主要内容,促进渔业增效、渔民增收。2009年,建湖县恒济镇农业服务中心作为镇政府的职能部门,在实施渔业科技入户工     

Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Recovered Elastin from Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) By-Products

Physicochemical and structural properties of soluble jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) elastin recovered from skin by-products were evaluated. The molecular weight of isolated elastin was ~40 kDa with an isoelectric point (pI) between 9 and 10. Aspartic, glutamic, arginine, proline, glycine, and lysine amino acids were the most abundant in squid elastin, whereas the hydroxyproline absence, ~0.7% cysteine content, and the calculated 0.35 isoleucine/leucine ratio were used as purity index. Total and reactive sulfhydryl contents were similar (247.0 ± 5.1 vs 242.0 ± 7.5 μmol mg^?1 of protein, P ≥ 0.05) in purified squid elastin but surprisingly higher than previously reported in other elastins. On the other hand, the secondary structures of squid elastin analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were ~45% β-sheets, ~15% α-helices, ~10% β-turns, and ~30% undefined structures. In addition, squid elastin experienced glass transition at 82.01 ± 0.01ºC, denaturation temperature at 110.45 ± 0.64ºC, and aggregation at 197.5 ± 0.23ºC. In conclusion, the prevalence of charged amino acids and pI of squid elastin can facilitate its solubilization in hydrophilic systems, whereas the secondary structure profile and thermostability are desirable features in proteins used for biopolymer designs such as food biofilms or barrier systems.     

Isolation and Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of Peru Squid (Dosidicus gigas)

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was isolated from Peru squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin and physicochemical properties of the PSC were determined. The PSC exhibited a maximum absorbance at 220 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested the collagen containing α1 and α2 chain was classified as type I collagen. Amino acid composition indicated that the collagen had lower amino acid content than that of mammalian collagen. Denaturation temperature (T_d) of the PSC was 26.8°C. The PSC had relatively high solubility in alkaline condition or NaCl concentrations below 2%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations showed the existence of helical arrangements of collagen. The lyophilized collagen had a uniform and regular network structure. These results suggested that Peru squid skin was a potential source of collagen for further research and application.     

Improvement of Cold and Thermally Induced Gelation of Giant Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Surimi

Depending on the season of capture, giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi processed by isoelectric precipitation presents low gel strength. Addition of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) and application of high isostatic pressure (300 MPa) to improve physicochemical properties were assayed for purposes of making “suwari” gels and heated gels for use in restructured products which have a raw or cooked appearance. The physicochemical properties of both pressurized and unpressurized gels induced by application of 30°C/1 h improved when MTGase was added. In contrast, addition of MTGase was less effective in gels subsequently heated at 90°C/30 min after 30°C/1 h. High pressure treatment for 30 min at 300 MPa and 15°C helped to produce gels with better mechanical and water binding properties, whether treated for 30°C/1 h only or for 30°C/1 h plus 30-min heat treatment at 90°C. High pressure treatment also reduced lightness.     

Quality Changes and Browning Developments During Storage of Dried-Seasoned Squid (Dosidicus gigas and Ommastrephes bartrami)

ABSTRACT

The physicochemical changes—moisture, water activity, crude protein, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), dimethylamine (DMA) and formaldehyde, reducing sugar and amino acid; microbiological changes—aerobic plate count (APC) and coliforms; and browning development (browning intensity and color) in dried-seasoned squids (Dosidicus gigas and Ommastrephes bartrami) during storage at 25°C were investigated. After the storage, the moisture and water activity decreased significantly. The content of crude protein decreased, accompanied by progressive accumulation of TVB-N and slow increase of APC. The high level of TMAO in dried-seasoned squid gradually decreased, whereas DMA and formaldehyde increased significantly during the whole period of storage. The browning intensity and b* value significantly increased, which revealed the occurrence of browning in two squid products. The dominant reducing sugar, lactose, and glucose, and the total amino acid including lysine and proline, decreased remarkably, which were well-correlated with the browning development. The quality deterioration in jumbo squid was more rapid than in neon flying squid partially due to the high level of reducing sugar in the former product. To improve quality and resist browning reaction of dried squid product during storage, the addition of extrinsic reducing sugar became a control factor.     

性成熟和个体大小对智利外海茎柔鱼耳石生长的影响

根据2007-2008年智利外海茎柔鱼资源调查期间采集的样本,以耳石最大宽度MW与其总长TSL之比作为表征耳石生长的指标,利用方差分析研究性成熟和个体大小对耳石生长的影响。分析认为,雌性个体的耳石MW/TSL与性腺成熟度存在相关性,性成熟度Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级个体的耳石MW/TSL存在显著差异(P<0.05);而雄性个体的耳石MW/TSL与性腺成熟度无关。雌性个体的耳石MW/TSL与胴长也存在着相关性,胴长300～400mm的个体与500～600mm和600～700mm、胴长400～500mm与500～600mm和600-700mm的雌性个体,它们耳石MW/TSL差异显著(P<0.05),胴长为400～500mm至500～600mm的个体,其MW/TSL增加迅速,差异极显著(P<0.01)。胴长350～400mm与400～500mm、400～450mm与450～500mm的雄性个体,它们耳石MW/TSL也存在显著差异(P<0.05),胴长400～450mm时的MW/TSL值为最小。研究表明,性成熟和个体大小对智利外海茎柔鱼耳石的生长有影响,但雌雄个体有差别。     

东南太平洋茎柔鱼资源丰度灰色预测研究

茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)是东南太平洋头足类中个体最大、资源最丰富的种类之一,经济价值高,已成为我国远洋渔业的重要组成部分。准确的资源丰度预测有利于资源的合理开发和利用。本研究基于2003~2015年东南太平洋茎柔鱼生产统计数据以及其产卵场环境、气候因子资料,使用相关性分析和灰色系统方法,建立东南太平洋茎柔鱼资源丰度的预报模型。结果显示,2月产卵场海表面温度(Sea surface temperature, SST)、3月产卵场叶绿素a浓度(Chl a)、12月太平洋年代气候震荡(Pacific decadal oscillation, PDO)和10月厄尔尼诺指数(Oceanic Nino index, ONI)与茎柔鱼资源丰度具有较好的相关性。比较多种预报模型发现,基于2月SST、12月PDO和10月ONI的GM(1, 4)模型有较好的预测效果,其准确率达到85%以上,可用于东南太平洋茎柔鱼资源丰度的预测。     

Ceramide aminoethylphosphonate from jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas attenuates the toxicity of cyanotoxin microcystin-LR

We have previously established the method for isolation of ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP) from jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas. In this study, we performed a MTT assay to evaluate the safety of CAEP to the cell lines for the application to health food and supplements. The CAEP did not show any cytotoxicity to various HEK293-transfectant cells. Next, we elucidated the positive function of CAEP to the somatic cells. Recently, we have reported that hepatotoxin microcystin-LR was taken up into the hepatocytes mediated by hepatocellular uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, and the cells were induced cytotoxicity subsequently. Cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR to permanently OATP1B3-expressing HEK293-OATP1B3 cells rather than to HEK293-OATP1B1 cells was preferentially attenuated by CAEP in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the enzyme activity of serine/threonine phosphatase, which was inhibited by microcystin-LR, was recuperated by co-exposure to CAEP. Furthermore, microcystin-LR-induced cellular protein phosphorylation were disrupted by CAEP exposure. These results suggested that CAEP is a promising remedy and/or preventive medicine for liver damage with microcystin-LR.     

基于神经网络的东南太平洋茎柔鱼渔场预报模型的建立及解释

东南太平洋秘鲁茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)是我国鱿钓船的重要捕捞对象。准确预报中心渔场是提高渔业生产能力的重要内容。本文根据2006~2009年我国远洋船队东南太平洋秘鲁茎柔鱼生产统计数据(月份、经度、纬度)及遥感获得的表温、Nio 3.4区海表温度异常、海面高度资料,利用反向传播(EBP)神经网络建立秘鲁茎柔鱼中心渔场预报模型。在此基础上,尝试使用神经网络解释图(neural interpretation diagram)、自变量相关(independent variable relevance)、灵敏度分析(sensitivity analyses)三种方法解释EBP模型权重,推断东南太平洋茎柔鱼中心渔场形成的主要影响因子。结果认为,影响中心渔场的3个主要影响因子为Nio 3.4区海表温度异常、表温和纬度,其贡献率分别为28.95%、22.1%和19.68%。利用EBP神经网络建立的预报模型不仅在预报精度上达到要求,而且能够很好地解释秘鲁茎柔鱼中心渔场的形成机制。     

超高压对秘鲁鱿鱼肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

秘鲁鱿鱼(Dosidicus gigas)是一种高产量、低价格、低品质的海洋渔业资源,由于其肉质粗糙,还有酸、苦、涩等不良风味,使秘鲁鱿鱼的资源化利用成为一个难点问题。本研究以秘鲁鱿鱼为研究对象,通过测定肌原纤维蛋白凝胶的硬度、弹性、电泳图谱等,研究了超高压对其凝胶特性的影响,并比较了其与热诱导凝胶的差异。结果表明,超高压300MPa、10min时,秘鲁鱿鱼肌原纤维蛋白凝胶弹性达到最大值1.43;超高压300MPa、25min时凝胶弹性为1.42;超高压400MPa、25min时凝胶硬度达到最大值52.5g;300MPa、保压25min时凝胶强度达到最高值68.4g。不添加TG-B型谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TGase)时,秘鲁鱿鱼肌原纤维难以形成热诱导凝胶;添加了2%TGase的热诱导凝胶硬度较高,可达到74.74g,但凝胶弹性仅为0.90,凝胶强度为67.0g,与超高压诱导凝胶的强度相近。研究表明,超高压具有促进凝胶形成和改善凝胶特性尤其是凝胶弹性的作用,可以成为替代热处理的一种秘鲁鱿鱼鱼糜制品生产的新技术。     

秘鲁外海茎柔鱼大型群与小型群的遗传变异分析

秘鲁海域茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)资源丰富,且存在不同性成熟胴长群体。为了更好地对该海域茎柔鱼资源进行开发管理,本文利用线粒体DNA(mtDNA)与微卫星DNA(SSR)2个分子标记对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼大型群与小型群的遗传变异进行研究。基于Cytb基因序列得到的2个群体总的单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数及平均核苷酸差异数分别为19、0.758±0.052、0.002 19±0.001 46和1.586。基于COⅠ基因序列得到的2个群体总的单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数及平均核苷酸差异数分别为18、0.707±0.055、0.001 70±0.001 26和1.057。2个群体具有较高的单倍型多样性指数和较低的核苷酸多样性指数。筛选的12个SSR位点均为高度多态性位点(PIC=0.725~0.933),位点DG02、DG07、DG09、DG28、DG36极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.01)。基于SSR标记得到的大型群观测杂合度为0.716,期望杂合度为0.868;小型群观测杂合度为0.721,期望杂合度为0.883,二者均具有较高的遗传多样性。基于mtDNA标记的单倍型网络关系图及2个群体间遗传分化系数Fst分析结果显示,2个群体不存在显著的遗传分化(Cytb:Fst=0.004 52,P0.05;COⅠ:Fst=0.000 89,P0.05)。基于SSR标记也得出相同的结论(Fst=0.002 51,P0.05)。2个群体可能在产卵洄游过程中发生基因交流,建议将秘鲁外海茎柔鱼大型群和小型群看作1个管理单元。