几种除草剂防除早稻直播田杂草的效果

为明确禾农乐、丁苄、普通幼术葆、特制幼禾幕、金满地等除草剂防除早稻直播田杂草的效果,特进行本试验。1材料与方法1．1供试药剂40％禾农乐WP（浙江乐吉化工厂产）、35％丁苄WP（浙江乐吉化工厂产）、17．2％普通幼禾葆（浙江乐吉化工厂产）、17．2％特制幼禾葆（浙江乐吉化工厂产）、36％金满地（南京大地有限公司产）。1．2试验设计小区对比试验,共设7个处理,3次重复,21个小区,小区面积66．7m2,随机区组排列,小区间筑小田埂相隔,单独排灌。处理设计如下：①40％禾农乐WP200g／亩;②40％禾农乐WP250g／亩;③35％丁苄120g／…     

几种封闭除草剂对水稻直播田杂草药效试验

杂草是影响直播水稻稳产、高产的重要因素之一,长期以来杂草防除是直播水稻生产管理的难题。本文试验了几种封闭除草剂处理水稻田杂草药效试验,结果表明30%苄嘧·丙草胺可分散油悬浮剂对杂草的防效较好,可有效控制稗草、阔叶杂草和莎草,是比较理想的水稻直播田除草剂,用药量100g/667m~2最为经济有效。     

水稻直播田禾本科杂草茎叶处理除草剂筛选试验

稗草、千金子等禾本科杂草是水稻直播田的恶性杂草。对直播稻田千金子的防除,可选用10%氰氟草酯EC或6.9%精唑禾草灵EW。对直播稻田稗草的防除,可依次选用50%二氯喹啉酸WP、36%苄.二氯WP、10%氰氟草酯EC、6.9%精唑禾草灵EW或20%双草醚WP等药剂进行防除。药后30d对稗草、千金子鲜重总体防效70.70%～88.61%。     

三种除草剂对直播稻田杂草的防效分析

稻田杂草与水稻争夺光、热、水等资源,是制约水稻高产、稳产、优质的主要因素之一,为有效应防治稻田杂草,本研究采用3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油(灵斯科)、40%氰氟草酯悬浮剂(金粳喜)、25%双环磺草酮悬浮剂(葱封)除草剂对稻田杂草进行了防治试验,结果表明,在水稻秧苗4叶期至分蘖末期,杂草基本出齐后进行茎叶喷雾,水稻直播田杂草采采用3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油1.5 L加水喷雾进行防除,药后15d和药后45d对杂草的株防效和鲜重防效,三个处理都有很好的防效。     

几种除草剂及其组合对烟田杂草的防除效果

为了筛选高效安全烟田除草剂及除草剂组合,在广东烟区开展几种除草剂及除草剂组合对烟田杂草的防除效果试验。结果表明,芽前除草剂50%仲灵·异松乳油和72%异丙甲草胺乳油对烟田杂草防除效果较好,施药后60 d对杂草鲜质量防效分别为78.42%和71.62%;芽后除草剂25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂和除草剂组合5%精喹禾灵乳油+48%灭草松水剂对烟田杂草的防效较好,施药后30 d对杂草鲜质量防效分别为78.72%和92.90%。     

几种除草剂防除油菜田杂草试验报告

试验采用高效盖草能,盖草灵,精克草能,双草克,油磺隆５种除草剂防除油菜田杂草,结果表明均对单子叶杂草有较好的防除效果,以高效益草能效果最佳。油磺隆对牛繁缕等双子叶杂草防治效果最佳。     

几种除草剂防除花生田杂草试验

四川省是全国花生主产省区之一,该省除甘孜、阿坝两州外,各地市州均有花生种植,每年种植面积67万hm~2以上,由于气候适宜,耕作制度等因素,田间草害相当严重;且花生植株矮小,竞争力弱,因而极易草荒,造成减产。因此,2001年4月我们在简阳进行了几种除草剂防除花生田杂草的试验,取得明显效果,现将试验结果小结如下:     

几种除草剂对油菜田杂草的防除效果

通过4种除草剂对油菜田杂草防除效果试验,明确在禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草占绝对优势和二者均多的田块,宜选用的除草剂品种,为油菜化学除草推广打好基础,以适应农业生产经济高效的发展要求。     

几种除草剂防除油菜田杂草试验小结

随着油菜面积的进一步扩大,油菜田草害一直困扰着人们,为了筛选出能除油菜田单、双子叶杂草较为理想的药剂,1998年冬季本站对几种除草剂进行了田间防除试验,现将试验结果小结如下” 1 材料与方法 试验每667 m2采用5%高效盖草灵乳油(江苏丰山集团)50 ml、17.5%林克乳油(江苏农药研究所南京农药厂)100 ml,30%好实多乳油(江苏农药研究所南京农药厂)50 ml和对照共4个处理,每处理重复3次,计12个小区,小区面积80m2,试验地设在大中镇红花村一块长势平衡的油菜田。油菜品种为“秦油2号”,喷药时间12月14日,喷药方法常规喷雾器喷雾,每6 67 m2田用水量50 kg,药后15 d之内天气晴好,未降雨,平均气温为6.46℃。药前每小区定2点,每点0.11 m2,调查杂草草基数,药后14、23、42 d调查杂株数,以杂草减退率计算校正株防效,药后82 d对各小区测其总蘖数,鲜重,计算相对株防效和鲜重防效     

3种除草剂对水稻旱直播阔叶杂草防效及安全性研究

为明确不同除草剂茎叶处理对旱直播水稻田旱生阔叶杂草防除及安全性的影响,采用随机区组试验设计,选用30% 2,4-滴丁酸钠盐AS、84%氯酯磺草胺WG、480 g/L灭草松AS 3种除草剂在水稻4叶期、5叶期施用,施药后每间隔7 d测定杂草株防效、鲜重防效和水稻目测药害,同步测定水稻生长指标和抗逆酶活性。结果表明:30% 2,4-滴丁酸钠盐AS 900.0 g/hm2在水稻4叶期的杂草防效最佳,第28天杂草株防效及鲜重防效仍可达93.55%和96.42%,且对大龄鸭跖草防效显著,施药后水稻生长与人工除草相比无显著差异。叶片SOD、POD活性和MDA含量均先升后降,至施药后28 d恢复正常。30% 2,4-滴丁酸钠盐AS 900.0 g/hm2可高效防除阔叶杂草,该药剂在水稻4叶期和5叶期施用对旱直播水稻安全。     

苗期水分管理对水稻分蘖及除草剂控草效应的影响

稻田除草剂大量及高频使用对农作物安全、土壤及水体环境构成了严重威胁,使得除草剂减量使用刻不容缓。水稻机插田药后长时间保水可显著抑制杂草,以此可减少除草剂用量,但长时间保水会导致水稻发育受限。盆栽试验表明,无论是否喷施除草剂30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油,杂草发生随保水时长增加而减少,且喷施除草剂对杂草防除具显著效果。田间试验表明,稻田施用30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油100 mL/667m~2后,药后保水7 d时的水稻分蘖及抑草的综合效应达到最佳。     

三种苗前除草剂对茅苍术杂草防治效果及安全性评价

为了筛选出防效好、残留少且对环境影响较小的茅苍术苗前除草剂,选取常用的3种苗前除草剂乙草胺、乙氧氟草醚和二甲戊灵,研究其除草效果,对叶绿素荧光参数的影响,农药残留情况及其对土壤微生物真菌和细菌群落的影响。结果表明,乙草胺的除草效果较好,株防效和鲜重防效都达到了80%以上,对茅苍术叶绿素荧光参数影响较小,农残较少,对土壤细菌和真菌群落无显著性影响;乙氧氟草醚和二甲戊灵对叶绿素荧光参数有影响,短时间内有一定的土壤农残。综合防效和安全性,优选乙草胺作为茅苍术的苗前除草剂。     

Development of lowland weed management and weed succession in Japan

Since the introduction of rice production in Japan, lowland areas have been managed for rice production with the purpose of better rice growth, as well as lesser weed infestation. Rice is cropped every year in lowland fields by repeated cultivation of a single crop, with high yields and without soil sickness usually being observed in upland fields. This is probably because the irrigation water supplies various nutrients for healthy rice growth and the drainage washes out and removes harmful factors. However, until recently, the wet or flooded conditions of lowland fields in the Asian monsoon region never have allowed humans to cultivate useful summer crops, except rice or some aquatic plants. Therefore, the management of lowland areas in the Asian monsoon region has been significantly different from European field management, where crop rotation has been the traditional standard practice. Paddy weeds are aquatic plants or hygrophytes that have adapted to lowland fields. Traditionally, tillage and puddling were practiced seasonally in lowland fields on a regular schedule every year. Rice cultivation technology was developed and supported by regional irrigation systems that created stable environments for typical paddy weeds to complete their life cycle. After the introduction of chemical weed control, rice fields became very severe habitats for these paddy weeds, where they could not grow and reproduce without strategies for survival under herbicide exposure. Even so, many of the traditional paddy weeds survived because of their accumulated or uneradicated seed banks, although several aquatic plants were listed as endangered or threatened species. The important weed species changed, sometimes rapidly and sometimes slowly, depending both on their reproductive system and their biological response towards field management and weed control systems. Very recently, the level of perennial weeds, herbicide‐resistant weeds, and weedy rice has increased in paddy fields that are highly dependent on herbicide use. In addition, several hygrophyte species have invaded paddy fields. In order to address these issues, the improvement and application of integrated weed management methods are expected to be critical.     

不同除草剂对水稻水直播田杂草的防除效果及安全性评价

于2014年水稻生长季选择10种常用的水稻直播田除草剂在安徽省马鞍山市当涂县水稻田进行田间试验,研究不同时期施用不同除草剂对直播稻田杂草的防除效果及对水稻产量和安全性的影响。结果表明:水稻5叶1心时施用11%噁唑·五氟磺可分散油悬浮剂、水稻3叶1心时施用21%苄·五氟·氰氟草油悬浮剂和6%五氟·氰氟草可分散油悬浮剂均可高效防除直播稻田禾本科杂草、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草,总草株防效和鲜重防效均在90%以上。测产结果表明,以上3种药剂对水稻的增产率较高,分别为22.4%、22.1%和21.7%。3种药剂在水稻生长期施用没有产生药害,起到了稳产、增收的作用。     

Weeds and weed management in rice production in Japan

The area of paddy rice fields in Japan was 1.79 million ha in 1998 almost all of which was planted with young seedlings from nursery boxes by a mechanical rice transplanter. Japanese farmers controlled paddy weeds mainly by chemical herbicides, which were applied around 1.8 times in one growing season of rice by sequential treatment. The cost of herbicides was 35 320 ¥/ha on average, the main of which was ‘one‐shot’ herbicides, while weeding labor for the paddy field, including herbicide application, was 19.0 h/ha, or 29 976 ¥/ha in labor cost, in 1998. Under the Integrated Weed Management (IWM) for sustainable paddy rice production, other technologies for weed management are also recommended to paddy farmers, such as ecological or cultural, mechanical, biological methods and so on.     

稻鳝种养田杂草群落组成及不同除草剂对黄鳝生长的影响

为了明确稻鳝种养田杂草群落组成及除草剂安全用药技术,采用取样计数的方法调查了稻鳝种养田杂草种类及田间密度,并采用静水式试验法在室内条件下测定了稻田常用除草剂对黄鳝生长的影响。结果表明,稻鳝种养降低了杂草的丰富度、多样性和均匀度,杂草危害减轻。茎叶处理除草剂100 g/L氰氟草酯EC、25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD、13%2甲4氯钠AS和480 g/L灭草松AS对黄鳝生长安全,可安全应用于稻鳝种养田防除杂草。土壤处理除草剂中,30%丙草胺EC、10%吡嘧磺隆WP、40%苄嘧磺隆·丙草胺WP对黄鳝生长安全,是稻鳝种养田使用土壤处理除草剂的优先选择。60%丁草胺EC和12%噁草酮EC与黄鳝的死亡率存在着明显的剂量-效应关系,随着浓度的提高,黄鳝死亡率显著上升,不推荐用于稻鳝种养田防除杂草。     

Change in weed control studies of rice paddy fields in Korea

This paper was reviewed on the research status of weed control according to cultivating patterns of rice in Korea. Weed control study in a nursery bed was chiefly carried out to control the species of barnyardgrass at the times of machine transplanting. Propanil and nitrofen were applied successfully in wet-nursery beds, and chlornitrofen and pyrazolate/butachlor were also successfully applied in protected semi-irrigated rice nursery beds in the 1970s. Sequential application of herbicides in the mid-1980s has resulted in the end of hand weeding. In machine transplanting, basic research such as the selection of herbicides was conducted in the early 1970s, and its related research including crop injury, seedling age, and reaction of cultivars were done in the late 1970s to early 1980s. Effects of the continuous application of herbicides and its methods of labor saving for rice cultivation were studied in the mid to late 1980s. When the rice planting methods were newly established, such as transplanting when seedlings were 10-days-old and direct seeding from the early 1990s, weed control research relating to herbicides was carried out (e.g. herbicide registration, crop injury, water management, appropriate application time, and neighboring application with insecticide). Weed control for the dill seeding of fields in wetted and reclaimed saline land have been experimented with, particularly in terms of the physio-ecological characteristics and the control of problematic weeds, and the resistance of weeds to herbicides was also investigated systematically.     

几种除草剂对兰州百合田杂草的防除效果及其安全性评价

为明确几种除草剂对兰州百合田杂草的防除效果及其安全性, 采用土壤处理和茎叶喷雾处理的方法, 开展了5种土壤处理除草剂和13种茎叶喷雾处理除草剂在推荐剂量下防治百合田杂草的田间药效试验和对兰州百合的安全性评价。土壤处理试验结果表明:药后60 d, 5种除草剂对兰州百合田杂草具有较好的防除效果, 且对兰州百合安全。对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别达83.23%和89.15%以上, 对禾本科杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为87.28%和89.58%以上。其中, 50%异丙隆WP 1 350 g/hm2(有效成分用量, 下同)和240 g/L乙氧氟草醚EC 180 g/hm2的防效最好, 表现出很好的除草活性。茎叶喷雾试验结果表明:15%硝磺草酮OD 150 g/hm2、30%苯唑草酮SE 27 g/hm2、15%噻吩磺隆WP 33.75 g/hm2、56%2甲4氯钠SPX 840 g/hm2、24%氨氯吡啶酸AS 108 g/hm2、30%二氯吡啶酸AS 180 g/hm2和30%氨氯·二氯吡啶酸AS 150 g/hm2喷雾处理, 药后45 d, 这7种除草剂对兰州百合田阔叶杂草具较好的防除效果且对兰州百合安全, 株防效在77.99%～93.48%, 鲜重防效在81.62%～95.05%, 但对禾本科杂草基本无效。70%嗪草酮WP 735 g/hm2能有效防除兰州百合田杂草且对兰州百合安全性高, 对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为96.95%和99.52%, 对禾本科杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为91.81%和95.21%。研究结果可为兰州百合田除草剂的合理选择和应用提供科学依据。     

芽前除草剂和地膜对杂草防除和牛至生长的影响

牛至Orianum vulgare是唇形科多年生草本植物,牛至精油具有抗菌消炎功效,是重要的中兽药和饲料添加剂.牛至在苗期生长缓慢,杂草防除是牛至田建植的基础.本研究分析了芽前除草剂和地膜对牛至田杂草防控和牛至生长的影响.结果 表明,除草剂和地膜覆盖对杂草防除和牛至生长的交互效应显著.其中,覆盖黑色地膜并喷施960 g...