穿孔倾斜角度对3D打印仿生木材吸声结构的吸声性能影响

【目的】基于木材内部天然多孔构造设计仿生木材的复孔吸声结构,研究穿孔倾斜角度对3D打印仿生木材吸声结构的吸声性能影响,为开发仿生木材吸声材料奠定理论基础。【方法】利用Rhinoceros三维建模软件进行结构设计,采用3D打印技术制备出仿生木材吸声结构。对比3D打印穿孔板,基于阻抗管传递函数法探究穿孔不同倾斜角度(0°、15°、30°、45°、60°)对3D打印仿生木材吸声结构的共振频率和吸声系数的影响。【结果】1) 3D打印穿孔板有2个共振频率,分别位于中低频和中高频处;而3D打印仿生木材吸声结构有3个共振频率,分别位于中低频、中高频和高频处,木质穿孔板仅在中低频具有共振频率,二者差异显著。2)穿孔倾斜角度对3D打印穿孔板的吸声性能有一定影响,在中低频处,随穿孔倾斜角度增大,3D打印穿孔板的共振频率向低频方向移动,吸声系数峰值总体呈上升趋势,峰值均在0. 8以上,吸声性能较好;在中高频处,随穿孔倾斜角度变化,3D打印穿孔板的共振频率和吸声系数峰值均有所改变,但无明确规律,此段吸声系数峰值在0. 3左右,吸声性能较差。3)穿孔倾斜角度对3D打印仿生木材吸声结构的吸声性能有较大影响,中低频处与中高频处的吸声规律与3D打印穿孔板基本一致;在高频处,随穿孔倾斜角度增大,3D打印仿生木材吸声结构的共振频率向低频方向移动,吸声系数峰值均在0. 8以上,具有较好的吸声性能。【结论】穿孔倾斜角度的3D打印仿生木材吸声结构在中低频、中高频和高频处都有较好的吸声性能,在高频处,不同倾斜角度3D打印仿生木材吸声结构的共振频率跨度较大,可为以后全频率吸声结构的设计研究奠定理论基础。本研究结果为实现可设计吸声频率的新型复合材料提供一个新的研究方向,在一些特殊吸声环境领域具有较好的发展前景。     

穿孔中密度纤维板的吸声性能

为了给穿孔中密度纤维板(MDF)的设计、加工及应用提供依据,采用阻抗管传递函数法,测试分析板厚、孔径、穿孔率和板后空腔深度对其吸声性能的影响。结果表明:穿孔MDF的吸声性能受板厚、孔径、穿孔率和板后空腔深度的共同影响,按优化工艺参数(板厚15mm,孔径3mm,穿孔率3.14%~4.91%,空腔深度50mm),穿孔MDF的吸声系数峰值可超过0.6。     

穿孔中密度纤维板的吸声性能北大核心

为了给穿孔中密度纤维板（MDF）的设计、加工及应用提供依据,采用阻抗管传递函数法,测试分析板厚、孔径、穿孔率和板后空腔深度对其吸声性能的影响。结果表明：穿孔MDF的吸声性能受板厚、孔径、穿孔率和板后空腔深度的共同影响,按优化工艺参数（板厚15mm,孔径3mm,穿孔率3.14%~4.91%,空腔深度50mm）,穿孔MDF的吸声系数峰值可超过0.6。     

柳杉木材吸声性能的研究

实木的吸声性能与其微观构造有着紧密的联系,研究实木的吸声性能有着重要的现实意义。本实验利用阻抗管,研究了柳杉木材吸声性能与其纹理方向、厚度、心边材、木材含水率之间的关系。结果表明在纹理方向上横切面的吸声性能最好,边材略高于心材。在1 500~2 500 Hz内,随木材厚度的增加吸声系数不断增加,并且随厚度的增加吸收峰会向低频方向移动,随厚度增加高频的吸声系数会降低,纤维饱和点以下木材吸声性能明显高于纤维饱和点以上的。     

五种桉树木材的吸声性能

本文以广西东门林场的人工林尾叶桉(Eucalyptusurophylla),尾巨桉(EucalyptusurophyllaE.grandis),尾园桉(E.urophyllaE.tereticornis),尾赤桉(E.urophyllaE.camaldulensis)和大花序桉(E.cloeziana)木材为主要材料,用驻波管法测试了五种桉树木材的吸声系数,比较了这些桉树木材的吸声性能,结果显示五种桉树木材的吸声系数在频率1000赫兹之内变化不大,之后随频率的增加吸声系数也在增加。在频率200至2000赫兹范围内,五种桉树木材的吸声系数差异不显著,在低频区域,尾叶桉的吸声性能较好。在所测试的声波频率范围内,桉木弦锯板的吸声系数高于径锯板;0.5厘米厚的锯材的吸声性能好于1.0厘米厚的锯材;因此,桉木板材的种类和板材的厚度影响其吸声性能,但五种桉树木材的吸声性能差异不显著。图2表4参6。     

穿孔纤维板力学特性研究

通过钻孔方法,研究了植物纤维穿孔板的孔隙率、穿孔排列方式、穿孔大小等对其静曲强度的影响,并建立了数学模型;提出检测穿孔板静曲强度时,要以试件构成单元理论宽度的倍数作为试件宽度的计算依据.试验结果表明:植物纤维穿孔板静曲强度的主要影响因子是孔隙率,其次是穿孔的排列方式,与孔径大小无关.     

漆膜厚度对云杉属木材吸声性能的影响

音板是钢琴最重要的部件之一,是影响钢琴声学品质的关键因素,其制作材料吸声性能好坏很大程度上决定了钢琴音量大小和发音持久性。云杉属木材是制作钢琴音板的主要材料,本研究以4种云杉属径切板木材作为研究对象,采用驻波比法测试了4种木材的吸声系数以及在不同漆膜厚度情况下的吸声系数并进行比较,初步分析了漆膜厚度对云杉属木材吸声性能的影响。结果表明:在无漆膜状态下,麦吊云杉吸收的声能最少;而在有漆膜状态下,除了漆膜厚度是0.15 mm时,4种云杉属木材吸声系能不稳定之外,吸声系数是随着漆膜厚度的增加而增加,即漆膜厚度越小,钢琴音板的吸声性能越差。     

定向结构刨花板吸声性能的研究

采用驻波管法测定定向结构刨花板的吸声系数,分析比较了定向结构刨花板与砖、混凝土吸声性能的差异。结果表明,定向结构刨花板具有良好的吸声性能。     

中密度纤维板木材原料消耗比的测定

为使木材资源实现持续合理的利用，笔者对2个中密度纤维板厂的3条年产能力为3万m^3的生产线进行了木材原料实际消耗的测定。结果表明，中密度纤维板生产木材原料消耗比为1．2－1．35：1。     

仿生人工木材的研究进展

天然木材是地球上丰富的自然资源,具有优异的力学特性与美学特征,也是一种独特的工程材料;同时,由木材衍生出来的一些多功能复合材料,也被广泛地应用于各个领域。但是,天然木材这种生物质资源也有很多缺陷,其形貌以及性质易受环境等外在因素的影响而发生改变,并且由于生长周期过长,木材的供给量不能满足日益增长的需求量。受天然木材独特的分级多孔结构和化学成分的启发,研究人员通过利用先进的仿生合成技术进行自组装实验设计,研制出具有与天然木材分级多孔结构相似、力学性能更好的仿生人工木材。相比于天然木材,仿生人工木材在力学性能、功能性、智能性、防腐蚀、防火方面上优势明显。笔者从设计原理、制备方法、功能化设计等方面阐述了仿生人工木材的研究进展,为发展具有天然木材独特各向异性结构的高性能仿生工程材料提供参考,同时也分析了仿生人工木材现阶段发展所面临的问题、挑战以及进一步发展方向。     

五种木质板材吸声性能的测量与分析

对市场上常见的5种木质板材吸声系数进行了检测。结果表明:木质穿孔板在低频段、木丝板在中频段、轻质纤维板和木纤维/聚酯纤维复合板在中高频段,分别显示了优良的吸声性能,而刨花板的吸声性能较差。     

Sound absorption property of wood for five eucalypt species

The sound absorption coefficients of wood and wood boards for five eucalypt species (Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla x E. tereticornis, Eucalyptus urophylla x E. camaldulensis and Eucalyptus cloeziana) that were collected from plantation in Dongmen Forestry Center of Guangxi Province, China were tested with standing wave method and their sound absorption properties were also compared. The results showed that the sound absorption coefficients of the five eucalypt wood species did not change evidently below 1000 Hz, but above 1000 Hz their sound absorption coefficients increased with the increasing frequency. The difference in sound absorption coefficient among five species of eucalypt wood is not evident at the tested frequency range (200–2000 Hz), but the sound absorption property ofEucalyptus urophylla at low frequency is better than that of other four species. The sound absorption coefficient of the tangential-sawn board is higher than that of the radial-sawn board. The sound absorption property of eucalypt wood of 0.5 cm in thickness is much better than that of 1.0 cm in thickness. It is concluded that wood sound absorption properties of eucalypts are affected by their board thickness and the type of sawn timber within the testing frequency, but the variance of wood sound absorption property among the five tested species is not significant. Fundation item This study is Part of 2000-4-13 in “948” Project from the State Forestry Administration of P.R. China Biography: JIANG Ze-hui (1939-), female, Professor in Research Institute of Wood Industry in Chinese Academy of Forestry. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Liquid water absorption in uncoated Norway spruce (Picea abies) claddings as affected by origin and wood properties

Abstract

Uncoated Norway spruce specimens from different spatial positions within stems from two origins with different growth conditions were exposed to liquid water over a prolonged time, and apparent diffusion coefficients and rates of void filling were calculated from sorption curves. Both apparent diffusion and rate of void filling were significantly affected by origin and by the difference between inner and outer boards. The differences between inner and outer boards were explained by heartwood proportion and density, but some effects of origin remained when these properties were accounted for. The apparent diffusion coefficient was reduced by increasing density, and increased by increasing heartwood proportion. Void filling rate was reduced by both increasing density and increasing heartwood proportion. Since the effect of heartwood proportion was more pronounced in the material from the highly productive area, it may have been confounded with properties of juvenile wood.     

Water absorption of boron-treated and heat-modified wood

Heat treatments change the chemical and physical properties of wood and dimensional stability and hygroscopicity are affected as a result of modifications of wood cell components. This study evaluated the water absorption of wood specimens treated with boron compounds followed by heat treatment. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood specimens treated with either boric acid (BA) or disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) solutions were heat-modified at either 180° or 220°C for 2 or 4 h. Carbohydrate composition and water absorption of the specimens were then measured and compared with those of untreated and unheated specimens. Wood carbohydrates were significantly degraded in the specimens after heat treatment. The heat treatment evidently decreased the water absorption and the heat-modified specimens absorbed less water than unheated specimens. The higher the treatment temperature and the longer the treatment time, the lower the amount of absorbed water. The boron-treated and heat-modified specimens, however, showed increased water absorption due to the hygroscopic properties of BA and DOT.     

轻型木结构墙体稳态传热性能及其保温材料影响比较

轻型木结构墙体的热工性能对建筑节能至关重要,其稳态传热性能是节能效率评估指标之一.工程调研发现,轻型木结构墙体墙骨柱热传递过程易产生冷热桥,改善墙体保温构造并通过试验测试,对得到不同构造的墙体传热系数等指标进行分析研究,有利于设计人员优选墙体设计参数、研发墙体新型保温材料.试验采用标定热箱法与热流计法相结合的试验方法—...     

常温下树种及厚度对胶合板吸声性能影响的研究

采用驻波管法对胶合板的吸声性能进行研究,通过对泡桐、杨木、桦木、桉木以及竹胶合板的吸声系数进行测量,探了树种、厚度对胶合板吸声系数的影响。实验结果表明：胶合板成板树种、胶合板厚度对材料的声学性能影响显著,随着厚度的增加其吸声系数有所改善,在一定范围内,树种对胶合板吸声系数影响显著。     

云杉属木材纵向和径向声振动特性参数关系的研究

采集7种我国具有代表性的云杉属木材及1种作对比用的美国产西加云杉试件,通过纵、横向木材试件在高次振动模式下的试验,测量木材各项声振动参数.研究发现:纵向材与径向材振动参数比之间存在着一定的相关性,据此可以选择各向异性适中,韧性好,纵向、径向振动受剪切影响小的木材制作乐器的音板.     

生态公益林效益发挥的保障机制

文章具体阐述了生态公益林的多重效益和对生态公益林保护建设的生态补偿机制进行了探讨。