Psoroptic mange in goats in Fiji

Summary Mange caused byPsoroptes cuniculi was first recognised in goats in Fiji in 1977. Of 33 widely separated herds examined 16 were infested 4 herds having the extensive type lesions in older goats. Treatment of the skin and superficial ear lesions with malathion or gamma-BHC was successful but mites survived in the proximal parts of the ear canal. Re-appearance of the mites following treatment was a common problem.

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Gale Psoroptique Chez Les Chevres, Aux Fidji

Résumé La gale causée parPsoroptes cuniculi a été reconnue pour la première fois aux Fidji, sur les chèvres, en 1927. Sur 33 troupeaux largement distants les uns des autres, 16 ont été reconnus comme étant infestés, les animaux les plus âgés de quatre d'entre aux présentant des lésions du genre extensif. Le traitement de la peau et des lésions superficielles des oreilles avec du malathion ou du gamma BHC a été un succès mais les acariens ont survécu dans les parties les plus proches du canal auditif. Le retour des acariens après traitement a été la régle.

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Sarna Soroptica En Cabras En Fiji

Resumen El primer informe de la occurrencia de sarna soróptica (Psoroptes cuniculi) en Fiji se publicó en 1977. De 33 rebaños de cabras examinados se encontraron 16 infestados, cuatro de ellos con lesiones extensivas en animales viejos. El tratamiento de la piel y lesiones superficiales de las orejas con malathion o gamma BHC fué exitoso en la mayoría de los casos, sin embrago, los ácaros sobrevivieron en las partes proximales de los canales de las orejas. La reaparición de los ácatos despues del tratamiento fué un problema común.

     

The pathology and aetiology of lung lesions in goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

Fifty dairy goats, of various ages, sexes and breeds were selected for examination on the basis of positive serological reactions to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). Thirty-one had lung lesions including chronic interstitial pneumonia of caudal or cranioventral lobes, bronchopneumonia, verminous pneumonia, pulmonary cryptococcosis or combinations of these. The only infective agent recovered from all the chronic interstitial pneumonia cases examined was CAEV, which was also recovered from lung tissue of 3 goats with arthritis but no lung lesions. The presence of CAEV in lavaged alveolar macrophages from normal lung tissue and from lungs affected with chronic interstitial pneumonia and verminous pneumonia, and the demonstration of a marked increase in nonspecific esterase staining macrophages in areas of chronic interstitial pneumonia, are discussed in relation to the aetiology of the pneumonia.     

Efficacy of acaricides against chorioptic mange of goats

Angora goats heavily infested with Chorioptes bovis were dipped one time in either 0.05% amitraz, 0.27% coumaphos, 0.05% fenvalerate, or 0.03% lindane. Control of the mites by the single dips was evaluated for 21 days. Amitraz caused 98% mortality of the mites initially. Both coumaphos and lindane caused greater than 85% mortality at 3 days, but mite numbers increased rapidly thereafter. Only fenvalerate killed all of the mites.     

Anthelmintic resistance in sheep and goat farms on Peninsular Malaysia.

The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was conducted on 39 sheep farms and 9 goat farms located in Peninsular Malaysia. The anthelmintic groups used in these tests were the benzimidazoles, levamisole, the benzimidazole/levamisole combination, macrocyclic lactones and closantel. Results indicated that the prevalence of resistance to the benzimidazole group was high, with approximately 50% of the sheep farms and 75% of the goat farms having resistant nematode parasite populations present. Resistance to levamisole, closantel and ivermectin was also detected. Differentiation of the infective larvae derived from faecal cultures indicated that by far the most predominant parasite species was Haemonchus contortus.     

Use of ivermectin to control sarcoptic mange in goats in Indonesia

Summary The results of three experiments aimed at controlling sarcoptic mange in goats in Indonesia are reported. In Experiment 1 treatment with ivermectin (0·2 mg/kg body weight) or coumaphos (0·05% dip solution) resulted in a significant reduction in mite numbers and an increase in body weight while in the untreated controls all animals had to be withdrawn from the experiment due to severity of infection. In Experiment 2 three treatment levels of ivermectin were shown to be equally effective in reducing mite numbers, while again all untreated control animals were withdrawn. The third experiment demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in mite numbers following two doses of ivermectin at a seven day interval when compared to a single dose. Again the majority of untreated control animals were withdrawn. Future control strategies and reasons for failure to eliminate the presence of mites are discussed.

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Uso De La Ivermectina Para El Control De La Sarna Sarcoptica En Cabras En Indonesia

Resumen Se describen los resultados de tres experimentos a controlar sarna sarcóptica en cabras en Indonesia. En el experimento I, el tratamiento con ivermectina (200 µg/kg de peso corporal) o con cumafos (0.05 % de una solución para baño de inmersión) dió como resultado una reducción significativa en el número de parásitos y en el incremento de peso, mientras que en el grupo de controles no tratados, todos los animales tuvieron que ser retirados del experimento debido a la severidad de la infección. En el experimento 2 tres niveles de tratamiento con ivermectina, fueron igualmente efectivos en reducir el número de ácaros; mientras que los animales no tratados tuvieron también que ser retirados. El tercer experimento dió como resultado una reducción significativa en el número de ácaros después de dos dosis de ivermectina con un intervalo de siete días, comparada con una dosis sencilla. Otra vez, la mayoría de controles no tratados tuvieron que ser retirados. Se discute en este trabajo las estrategias futuras de control y las razones de las fallas para eliminar la presencia de ácaros.

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Emploi De L'Ivermectine Pour Lutter Contre La Gale Sarcoptique Des Chevres En Indonesie

Résumé Les auteurs rapportent les résultats de 3 expériences ayant pour but la lutte contre la gale sarcoptique en Indonésie.Expérience n° 1: le traitement à l'ivermectine à la dose de 200 mg par kg de poids vif ou au coumaphos (bain en solution à 0,05 p. 100) a entraîné une réduction significative du nombre des parasites et un accroissement du poids corporel. Chez les témoins non traités au contraire, tous les animaux ont dû être retirés de l'expérience en raison de la sévérité de l'infection.Expérience n° 2: 3 niveaux de traitment par l'ivermectine ont montré une efficacité identique dans la réduction du nombre des acariens, tandis que là encore les animaux témoins non-traités ont dû être retirés.Expérience n° 3: Elle a révélé une réduction significativement plus grande dans le nombre des parasites après 2 doses d'ivermectine à sept jours d'intervalle, comparée à une dose unique. Comme dans les 2 expériences précédentes, la majorité des témoins a dû être soustraite au protocole. Les stratégies de lutte possibles et les raisons des échecs dans l'élimination des parasites font l'objet de la discussion.

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Name and address for reprints: Dr A.J. Wilson, Project Manager, RIVS, PO Box 52, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.     

Molecular evidence of rat bocavirus among rodents in Peninsular Malaysia

Rat bocavirus (RBoV) and rodent bocavirus (RoBoV) have previously been detected in Rattus norvegicus; however, these viruses have not been reported in rodent populations in Malaysia. We investigated the presence of RBoV and RoBoV in archived rodent specimens. DNA barcoding of the rodent cytochrome c oxidase gene identified five different species: Rattus tanezumi R3 mitotype, Rattus tiomanicus, Rattus exulans, Rattus argentiventer, and Rattus tanezumi sensu stricto. Three spleens were positive for RBoV (1.84%; 3/163), but no RoBoV was detected. Phylogenetic analyzes of the partial non-structural protein 1 gene grouped Malaysian RBoV strains with RBoV strains from China. Further studies among rats from different geographical locations are warranted for this relatively new virus.     

The aetiology of a keratoconjunctivitis occurring in goats in the Sudan

An infectious keratoconjunctivitis occurring in goats in the Sudan is described. Experimental transmission using infective ocular discharges resulted in a conjunctivitis in young kids and a severe keratoconjunctivitis in an adult goat. A pleomorphic organism which resembled Rickettsia spp was found in conjunctival smears from naturally and experimentally infected animals. Neither Mycoplasma nor Chlamydia spp were isolated in microbiological cultures.     

Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in Peninsular Malaysia from 2001 to 2007

This is a retrospective study of the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Peninsular Malaysia between 2001 and May 2007. In total, 270 outbreaks of FMD were recorded. Serotype O virus (89.95 %) and serotype A (7.7 %) had caused the outbreaks. Significant differences on the occurrence of FMD were found between the years (t?=?5.73, P?=?0.000, df?=?11), months (t?=?4.7, P?=?0.000, df?=?11), monsoon season (t?=?2.63, P?=?0.025, df?=?10) and states (t?=?4.84, P?=?0.001, df?=?10). A peak of outbreaks observed in 2003 could be due to increased animal movement and the other peak in 2006 could be due to a compromised FMD control activities due to activities on the eradication of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Cattle (86 % of outbreaks) suffered the most. However, no difference in disease occurrence between species was observed. The populations of cattle (r?=?0.672, P?=?0.023) and sheep (r?=?0.678, P?=?0.022) were significantly correlated with occurrence of FMD. Movement of animals (66 % of outbreaks) was the main source for outbreaks. A combination of control measures were implemented during outbreaks. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that FMD is endemic in Peninsular Malaysia, and information gained could be used to improve the existing control strategy.     

Scanning electron microscopy of sarcoptic mange lesions in swine

Scanning electron microscopy revealed that lesions of sarcoptic mange in swine, pass through 3 different stages. During the first 3 weeks of infestation, adult female mites tunnel into the epidermis. During the following 3 or 4 weeks, the surface openings of these tunnels become covered with keratinized epidermal crust which increases in thickness. After 7 weeks of infestation, the crust falls off, the tunnel openings become apparent again and most of the mites vacate these tunnels.     

Assessing the comparative advantage of broiler production in Peninsular Malaysia using policy analysis matrix

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Broiler meat is the largest and cheapest protein source in Malaysia. Using the policy analysis matrix (PAM), this study examines the comparative advantage of...     

Cutaneous vasoproliferative lesions in goats

Abstract. In a retrospective survey of caprine neoplastic disease, eight masses were diagnosed as cutaneous vascular tumors. The typical clinical presentation was a solitary raised, bleeding mass. No predilection with regard to age, breed, sex, or anatomic location was found. Reevaluation of the microscopic features of the masses resulted in diagnoses of hamartoma (2), hemangioma (4), and hemangiosarcoma (2). An endothelial cell origin was confirmed in all seven tumors tested immunohistochemically for factor VIII-related antigen. Although rarely reported, goats display a range of cutaneous vascular growth abnormalities similar to those observed in other domestic animals.     

Evaluation of organ function and oxidant/antioxidant status in goats with sarcoptic mange

The objective of the present study was to investigate the hemato-biochemical changes and status of oxidative stress in goats with scabies infection. The study was conducted on 12 Jamunapari goats; six clinically infected with scabies (group I) and six healthy goats as control (group II). The examination of skin scraping revealed the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei in the infected group. In hemato-biochemical indicators, hemoglobin%, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, albumin and albumin: globulin ratio decreased whereas, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group I animals as compared to group II healthy goats. Among the oxidative stress indices, plasma nitrate and erythrocytic lipid peroxidation were increased and reduced glutathione levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in group I goats as compared to group II healthy goats. The results of the present study suggest that scabies infection alters the hemato-biochemical indicators, increases oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant status in goat.     

Seroprevalence and risk factors for influenza A viruses in pigs in Peninsular Malaysia

Following a series of H5N1 cases in chickens and birds in a few states in Malaysia, there was much interest in the influenza A viruses subtypes that circulate among the local pig populations. Pigs may act as a mixing vessel for avian and mammal influenza viruses, resulting in new reassorted viruses. This study investigated the presence of antibodies against influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in pigs from Peninsular Malaysia using Herdcheck Swine Influenza H1N1 and H3N2 Antibody Test Kits. At the same time, the presence of influenza virus was examined from the nasal swabs of seropositive pigs by virus isolation and real time RT-PCR. The list of pig farms was obtained from the headquarters of the Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia, and pig herds were selected randomly from six of 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 727 serum and nasal swab samples were collected from 4- to 6-month-old pigs between May and August 2005. By ELISA, the seroprevalences of swine influenza H1N1 and H3N2 among pigs were 12.2% and 12.1% respectively. Seropositivity for either of the virus subtypes was detected in less than half of the 41 sampled farms (41.4%). Combination of both subtypes was detected in 4% of all pigs and in 22% of sampled farms. However, no virus or viral nucleic acid was detected from nasal samples. This study identified that the seropositivity of pigs to H1N1 and H3N2 based on ELISA was significantly associated with factors such as size of farm, importation or purchase of pigs, proximity of farm to other pig farms and the presence of mammalian pets within the farm.     

A slaughterhouse survey of lung lesions in goats

A survey of the lungs from 4284 goats killed at a slaughterhouse in the North Island of New Zealand during the winter of 1990 revealed only ten cases of non-parasitic bronchopneumonia. However, 41% of the lungs had lesions consistent with infection by Muellerius capillaris, 33% with Dictyocaulus filaria, and 8% with both species. The prevalence of parasitic lesions increased with age. The carcasses of goats with mild to severe Dictyocaulus filaria lesions were from 0.81 to 1.52 kg lighter than those without the lesions (p<0.001). The carcasses of goats with more than ten nodular (Muellerius capillaris) lesions were 0.75 kg lighter than those without the lesions (p<0.001). Twelve sets of lungs had lesions of chronic bronchiectasis. Nematode larvae were seen in the bronchial lumina of three of them. The microscopic appearance varied from a moderate dilatation of occluded bronchi which retained an intact epithelium, to large foreign-body granulomas where the remaining bronchial outlines were barely discernible. Multiple, very discrete, fibrous pleural plaques were found on the caudal lobes in two cases. Plaques of this morphology have not been described previously in the veterinary literature. Pleural adhesions were found in 350 cases (8.2%). The relatively higher frequency of pleurisy versus non-parasitic pneumonia suggests that pneumonia in goats in the North Island of New Zealand completely resolves in most cases.     

Seasonal changes in the prevalence ofHaemonchus andTrichostrongylus hypobiotic larvae in tracer goats in Malaysia

An investigation into the seasonal changes in the population structure of Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus in tracer goats was conducted over 12 months at Serdang, an area in southern West Malaysia with year-round tropical rainfall. Successive groups of parasite-free tracer goats were grazed for a month alongside naturally infected adult goats and necropsied for worm counts 14 days after their removal from pasture. No hypobiotic larvae of Trichostrongylus were recovered. Hypobiotic larvae of Haemonchus were evident during each month of the year but accounted for only a very small proportion of the total Haemonchus burden. Very low levels were encountered from December through to June. Comparatively higher levels of hypobiosis were observed thereafter with a peak of 7.4% in September. The factors responsible for hypobiosis were not clearly defined but the phenomenon was associated with increasing levels of soil moisture storage. Host resistance, adult worm population of tracers and population of ingested L3 were ruled out as possible inducing factors.