湖羊及其杂交后代中双羔羔羊断奶期的生长发育研究

采用SAS8.2的GLM过程和ttest过程对同期出生、不同杂交组合方式的290头湖羊杂交后代的体重和日增重进行分析.结果表明,不同杂交组合方式对子一代初出生重和二月龄断奶重都有显著提高,但只有三元杂交对二月龄日增重有显著影响.不同杂交组合间,美利奴×夏洛来×湖羊组合效果最好,与其它三组都有显著差异.     

不同山羊杂交组合增重效果比较

以贵州地方山羊(黔北麻羊)为对照,通过对羔羊出生重、1月龄重、3月龄重、6月龄重、9月龄重、1~3月龄日增重、6~9月龄日增重、销售收入等指标的比较,研究了两种模式三元杂交羊的生长发育特点和育肥效果。结果波尔山羊♂×(努比亚山羊♂×地方山羊♀)♀杂交羊和波尔山羊♂×(南江黄羊♂×地方山羊♀)♀杂交羊各项指标均极显著高于对照组(P<0·01);波×(南×地方)杂交羊和波×(努×地方)杂交羊相比,6~9月龄日增重前者极显著高于后者(P<0·01),其余指标差异不显著。     

规模化羊场不同肉用绵羊杂交组合F1生产性能分析

为选择最佳的肉用绵羊杂交组合模式,选取湖羊♂×湖羊♀(简称湖羊纯繁)为对照组、杜泊♂×湖羊♀(简称杜湖)、萨福克♂×湖羊♀(简称萨湖)、萨福克♂×杜泊与湖羊杂种♀(简称萨杜湖) 3个试验组,分别对湖羊纯繁后代羔羊、不同杂交组合F1代羔羊进行初生重、断奶成活率、0～150日龄全期平均日增重、初生体尺、2月龄体尺(断奶)、3月龄体尺、4月龄体尺、5月龄体尺进行测定分析。结果表明:在初生重方面,各试验杂交组合F1羔羊初生重均显著高于纯繁对照组羔羊(P0. 01),各杂交组合试验组F1羔羊初生重之间差异不明显(P0. 05);在羔羊断奶成活率方面,以湖羊纯繁对照组羔羊成活率最高,其次是萨杜湖F1羔羊;在全期平均日增重方面,萨杜湖F1羔羊的平均日增重最高;在体尺方面,萨湖F1、萨杜湖F1羔羊的各项体尺在不同生长阶段都表现出了较快的生长发育优势,尤其是3月龄以后各项体尺的生长发育速度以萨杜湖F1羔羊生长最快。由此可见,萨福克♂×杜泊与湖羊杂种♀杂交组合模式在生长速度、体尺生长发育等方面表现出了较好的杂种优势,值得大力推广利用。     

湖羊不同杂交组合产肉性能的研究

利用特克塞尔等国外 5个肉用绵羊品种作父本 ,分别与湖羊进行杂交 ,观察各组合杂一代羔羊 8月龄的生长发育和 7月龄的产肉性能。结果 :德国肉用美利奴×湖羊组羔羊 8月龄平均体重为 45 .83kg、特克塞尔×湖羊组为44 .31kg、萨福克×湖羊组为 41.96kg,均极显著地高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;陶赛特×湖羊组为 37.6 9kg,夏洛来×湖羊组为 37.2 4kg ,分别比对照组提高 11.9%和 10 .6 % ,差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。各杂交组合羔羊 7月龄屠宰 ,屠宰率比对照组均有一定的提高 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。在净肉率和肉骨比性状方面 ,特克塞尔×湖羊组、陶赛特×湖羊组、德国美利奴×湖羊组 ,均极显著地高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。试验结果表明 ,利用优秀外种肉用绵羊与湖羊杂交能较大幅度地提高湖羊的产肉性能。     

湖羊与杜湖杂交后代的增重效果比较

试验以杜湖杂交一代羊、杜湖杂交二代羊与湖羊为研究对象,对其日增重进行了测定分析。结果表明:杜湖杂交一代羊平均日增重极显著高于湖羊和杜湖杂交二代羊(P0.01),且其平均日增重较湖羊提高了18.13%;杜湖杂交二代羊日增重较湖羊提高了4.85%(P0.05)。可以看出,杜湖杂交羊的育肥效果优于湖羊,充分利用杜湖杂交是改善湖羊品种产肉性能,增加羊肉生产的有效方法。     

引进杜泊绵羊与本地绵羊杂交效果比较

利用从新西兰引进的优质杜泊绵羊为父本,以湖羊和小尾寒羊为母本,进行杂交试验,母本群体同期发情后用父本鲜精进行人工授精.分析不同羊群受胎率、产羔率以及F1代杂交羔羊生长速度与体尺变化.结果表明:6月龄内杜湖或杜寒杂交F1代羊的增重和体尺变化与同龄纯种湖羊或小尾寒羊羔羊差异极显著(P<0.01);杜湖杂交羊与杜寒杂交羊初生重差异极显著(P<0.01),2月龄重、3月龄重差异不显著(P>0.05),1月龄、6月龄体重和日增重差异显著(P<0.05).初步杂交试验认为,杜泊羊与湖羊或杜泊羊与小尾寒羊杂交均可分别作为理想的父、母本组合,用于进一步培育优质肉用杂交绵羊新品系(种)研究.     

澳洲白绵羊和黑杜泊羊与湖羊杂交试验初探

本文利用澳洲白绵羊和黑杜泊羊与湖羊开展杂交试验,对其生长发育和繁殖性能进行观测,筛选适合临夏地区肉羊最佳杂交组合,促进临夏肉羊生产提质增效,加快推进肉羊产业高产、优质、高效健康发展。实验结果表明:产羔率湖羊>黑杜湖F1>澳湖F1,繁殖成活率澳湖F1>黑杜湖F1>湖羊;羔羊初生重三个组合之间差异均不显著(t<0.05),三月龄六月龄重澳湖F1与湖羊、黑杜湖F1与湖羊差异极显著(t>0.01);杂交羔羊出生时体高、体长均不显著(t<0.05),黑杜湖F1与澳湖F1两个杂交组合的胸围与湖羊之间差异极显著(t>0.01);三月龄两个杂交组合管围与湖羊之间差异极显著(t>0.01);六月龄体高黑杜湖F1与湖羊差异不显著(t<0.05),澳湖F1与湖羊差异显著(t>0.05),体长三个组合之间差异均不显著(t>0.05),胸围和管围澳湖F1与黑杜湖F1两个杂交组合与湖羊之间差异均为显著(t>0.05)。     

杜泊、无角陶赛特、萨福克羊与湖羊杂交F1代羔羊育肥性能研究

为进一步研究不同肉羊品种与湖羊杂交F₁代羔羊育肥效果,本试验选择国外优良的肉羊品种杜泊羊、无角陶赛特羊和萨福克羊作父本,国内优良地方品种湖羊作母本开展杂交试验研究,所获得的杂交F₁代羔羊在全舍饲条件下进行育肥。测定杂交F₁代羔羊初生重、不同月龄体重和平均日增重等生长性能。结果表明：试验A组（杜泊公羊与湖羊母羊杂交F₁羔羊）、试验B组（无角陶赛特公羊与湖羊母羊杂交F₁羔羊）、试验C组（萨福克公羊与湖羊母羊杂交F₁羔羊）6月龄平均重分别为44.76±3.62 g、 43.65±4.18 g、43.28±3.34 g,均极显著高于对照组D 6月龄平均重36.32±3.86 g,差异极显著(P＜0.01)。试验A组、B组、C组与对照组D相比较,试验A组、B组、C组每只羊的利润较对照组分别多收入80.02元、69.74、42.74元,差异极显著（P＜0.01）,其中试验A组的生长性能和利润均优于试验B组和C组,差异显著(P＜0.05)。     

贵州关岭黄牛杂交改良进展研究

本研究对农户分散饲养条件下的关岭黄牛及其杂交F1代牛的初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄和24月龄的体尺和体重进行了测定。结果表明:安×关F1、西×关F1、利×关F1的体斜长、胸围、体高和十字部高等主要体尺都比关岭牛有显著提高(P<0.01);各年龄段的体重和平均日增重都有显著提高(P<0.01);各种杂交牛之间无显著差异,但以安×关F1效果最佳。为了适应农户分散饲养的粗放条件,现阶段建议以安格斯牛杂交改良为主,逐步建立关岭黄牛杂交改良技术体系,并最终筛选出适合关岭黄牛主产区不同区域的最佳杂交配套组合。     

不同饲养条件对杂种羊和甘肃细毛羊生长发育和经济效益的影响

在上等饲养条件下,6月龄特×甘F1、萨×甘F1、波×甘F1、邦×甘F1母羔,分别比甘细羊多增重5.7kg、4.79kg、3.35kg、1.7kg。前2个组合增重较甘细羊差异极显著(P<0.01),后2个组合增重较甘细羊差异显著(P<0.05)。6月龄公羔分别比甘细羊多增重7.7kg、6.34kg、5.88kg、2.99kg,前3个杂交组合较甘细羊增重极显著(P<0.01),后1个杂交组合增重显著(P<0.05)。上等饲养条件下比下等饲养条件下,每只羔羊多获纯利152元。     

不同导血水平对夏南牛生长发育的影响

本研究把夏南牛各代次、各年龄段牛与南阳牛之间体重做了比较分析;同时与原保留对比试验组的含夏洛来牛血50%和25%的两组横交牛进行比较,结果表明:新品种牛公牛的0、6、12、18月龄四个年龄段与南阳牛相比,体重差异均为极显著(P<0.01).母牛在O、6、12、18、24、30、36月龄各年龄段与南阳牛相比,体重差异均为极显著(P0.05).     

贵州威宁黄牛杂交改良效果初步研究

本研究对农户饲养条件下的984头威宁黄牛及西×威F1、安×威F1、利×威F1初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄的体尺、体重进行了测定。结果表明:(1)西×威F1、安×威F1、利×威F1代牛的体斜长、胸围、体高、管围和十字部高分别平均增加16.69%~22.25%,20.20%~25.93%,16.38%~20.46%,18.03%~28.46%,15.96%~19.80%(P<0.01);(2)杂交F1代♂牛24月龄体重平均提高76.46%(P<0.01),日增重平均提高78.76%,生长系数平均提高12.13%;杂交F1代♀体重提高80.54%(P<0.01)、日增重平均提高67.16%,生长系数平均提高7.18%;(3)三种杂交F1代牛之间体尺差异不明显(P>0.05),增长速度以安×威F1提高幅度最大(P<0.05)。从而认为,用安格斯牛、西门塔尔牛、利木赞牛改良威宁黄牛可以取得良好的杂交效果,其中以用安格斯牛改良的效果更为明显。     

Heterosis analysis of Haemonchus contortus resistance and production traits in Rhoen sheep, Merino Land sheep and crossbred lambs

A crossbreeding program was conducted to evaluate the resistance status to Haemonchus contortus in reciprocal crossbred (F(1)) lambs and their Merino Land sheep (Ml) and Rhoen sheep (Rh) purebred counterparts. A total of 406 lambs were included in the study. Faecal egg counts (FEC) and haematocrit values (Hc) of all the lambs were collected 4 and 8 weeks after an artificial infection with H. contortus. FAMACHA scores were given at the same time. Worm counts of all lambs were obtained after slaughtering at 21 weeks of age. The Ml group consistently showed the highest body weights, daily weight gains and best carcass performances, whereas the Rh group showed the lowest results. Most of the body weight parameters in the F(1) group fell intermediately between the Ml and Rh groups, though the heterosis analysis of body weight and carcass parameters showed a tendency to favour the crossbreeding group Rh x Ml. The Rh group showed, on average, the highest FEC and the lowest Hc values compared to the Ml. However, the nematode counts were not significantly different between the pure breeds. In comparison, the worm counts of the Rh x Ml crosses were significantly different from those in the Ml x Rh crosses. A heterosis analysis showed that FEC, Hc and the worm count in the F(1) group favoured the crossbreeding group Rh x Ml. These results suggested that crossbreeding Rh to Ml sheep may be a suitable way of producing lambs with improved resistance to H. contortus infection without any negative effects on production traits.     

蓝白花肉牛杂交改良青海黄牛的效果

2002年互助县引进蓝白花牛细管冻精对青海黄牛进行改良,2003年产蓝杂牛133头。据测定,杂种牛初生重平均为37．51kg,青海黄牛初生重15．ookg,相对提高150．60％;6月龄体重为133．82kg,比同龄青海黄牛提高148．27％;12月龄体重为262．27kg,比同龄青海黄牛提高185．70％。杂种牛表现出了较强的杂种优势,杂交效果显著。     

杂交方式对肉牛产肉性能的影响

从1985起，系统性的选择了国外8个优良肉牛品种西门塔尔、利木赞、夏洛莱、皮埃蒙特牛等的冻精，采用级进和多元杂交的方式，产生了14个不同的肉牛杂交组合，用统一的方案进行了肥育、屠宰试验，研究了不同杂交方式对产肉性能的影响，为现阶段加速发展肉牛产业提供科学依据。     

Effect of crossbreeding with Limousine,Rubia Gallega and Belgium Blue on meat quality and fatty acid profile of Holstein calves

The object of this work was to study the effects of crossbreeding on meat quality and fatty acid profile of Holstein calves. Samples were taken from Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle of 36 calves of three different groups (Holstein crossed with Rubia Gallega (HF×RG), Holstein crossed with Limousine (HF×LI) and Holstein crossed with Belgian Blue (HF×BB)). Significant differences were observed in carcass weight and killing out percentage (P < 0.001) among, groups reaching the highest values in the HF×BB group (228 kg and 59.4%, respectively), while the cross with Limousine presented the lowest values for carcass weight (191 kg) and the cross with Rubia Gallega showed the lowest killing out percentages (54.9%). Meat from HF×RG animals was redder (a* 13.31) and lightest (L* 39.55) than meat from HF×LI and HF×BB groups. With regard to fatty acid profile, the saturated fatty acids were the most abundant fatty acid, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the three groups. Crossbreeding did not affect the proportion of fatty acid. Finally, live weight, cold carcass weight, killing out, shear force, L* from LT, b*from LT, a* from fat, b* from fat, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:3n‐6, MUFA and price‐to‐sales ratio were the selected variables from discriminant analysis to classify the types of crossbreeding.     

Production benefits of the crossbreeding of indigenous and non-indigenous ducks—growing and laying period body weight and production performance

To evaluate different crosses and purebreds ducks in respect to various economic traits and to estimate different crossbreeding genetic parameters, a 3?×?3 complete diallel cross involving indigenous duck (DD), Khaki Campbell (KK) and White Pekin (WW) were used to produce three purebreds (DD, KK, WW) three crossbreds (DK, DW, KW) and three reciprocals (KD, WD, WK). A total of 609 ducklings produced were reared on deep litter and the females (316 in number) were evaluated for growing and laying period body weight along with the production performance traits. Different crossbreeding genetic parameters were estimated for different traits. All the traits in respect to body weight gain during growing and laying period and different production traits including laying house mortality rate showed significant (p?≤?0.05) difference between different genetic groups. In general, crossbreds perform better than the purebreds for most of the traits studied. General combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effect (RE) were significant (p?≤?0.01) for body weight and production traits. Egg weight showed significant (p?≤?0.01) difference in respect to GCA, SCA and RE for all the ages of measurement except RE for 30th week egg weight. Laying period mortality rate was only significant (p?≤?0.05) for SCA. Most of the crossbreds recorded heterosis rate in desirable direction for majority of the traits. Overall results revealed that the crossbreds perform well in respect to different traits than the purebreds and may be used to take advantage of heterosis. DW performs well in respect to majority of the traits measured and is of importance for commercial exploitation. Further, pure line selection with development of specialised sire and dam line followed by crossing may be of importance to enhance the performances in the crosses.     

南德温肉牛改良郏县红牛试验效果

为了研究南德温肉牛对郏县红牛的改良效果,本试验测定了初生、6月龄和1岁南郏F_1公、母牛的体尺、体重,并与相应年龄和性别的郏县红牛进行了比较。结果发现,南郏F_1公、母牛各项体尺值(体高、体长、胸围、管围)均显著或极显著地高于郏县红牛,表明利用南德温肉牛对郏县红牛进行杂交改良是切实可行的。     

夏南牛新品种培育技术研究

夏南牛培育项目始于1986年。夏南牛是以夏洛来牛为父本,以南阳牛为母本,应用人工授精技术,采用杂交创新、横交固定和自群繁育三阶段开放式育种方法,根据血统、外貌、体重综合选择,以体重为主,同时考虑早熟性,经过21年严格的选种选育,育成的含夏洛来牛血37.5%的肉用牛新品种。通过中间试验、育肥试验、屠宰试验,夏南牛表现出良好的肉用特征,生长发育速度、屠宰率、净肉率、肉品质等方面明显优于南阳牛。本文总结出了一套适合我国国情的肉牛新品种育种成功经验。     

利木赞牛杂交改良对草原红牛肉质的影响

将纯种草原红牛和含1/2利木赞血缘的改良草原红牛各16头在相同营养水平和饲养条件下进行10个月的集中舍饲育肥，研究了2组牛生长速度、产肉率及眼肌面积、大理石花纹和嫩度等肉质水平。结果显示, 改良牛的体高、体长、胸围、体质量、增重、屠宰率和净肉率等极显著或显著地高于草原红牛（P<0.01或P<0.05），改良牛的眼肌面积比草原红牛增8.39%，大理石花纹等级和嫩度剪切力值也略大于草原红牛，但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果表明，利木赞牛对草原红牛的肉用性能改良效果显著，且对草原红牛的肉质没有明显影响,草原红牛保持了其原有肉质好的品种特性。