东莞地区犬接种狂犬病疫苗后抗体水平的检测

应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对东莞市采集的809份犬血清进行检测,采用SYNBIOTICS软件进行分析.结果表明,抗体阳性数265份,抗体阳性率32.76%,其中检测免疫狂犬病多联苗的血清493份,抗体阳性数55份,抗体阳性率11.16%,检测免疫狂犬病单价疫苗的血清316份,抗体阳性数210份,抗体阳性率66.46%.     

生物反应器生产狂犬病疫苗的工艺应用

正狂犬病是一种致死率非常高的人畜共患病,我国列为甲类传染病,是重要防控疫病。由于尚无非常有效的治疗方法,因此暴露于该病原后,接种疫苗是最重要预防措施之一。2015年OIE的狂犬病控制计划指出,95%的人狂犬病是由病犬咬伤所致,如果实现70%以上的犬免疫,可将人的狂犬病发病率极大降低。与人预防该病相比,所消耗的费用成本节约近10倍。此外加强狗和野生动物狼等易感动物免疫是逐     

哪些动物个体不宜接种疫苗？

导读动物的抵抗疾病的能力与许多因素有关,包括动物品种、遗传因素、营养状况、年龄、性别、免疫接种、环境因素、个体差异等。对于正常健康的动物来说,能够阻止大部分非传染性病原的侵袭,维持正常的生理状态。但在动物的抵抗力低下时,一些条件性病原菌的致病力相对较强,就会引起动物发病,在临床上表现出相应症状和病理变化。总之,动物个体的抵抗力大于病原的致病力,肌体就处于健康状态;若个体的抵抗力小于病原的致病力,动物就发病。对于畜牧业生产来说,通过免疫接种提高动物免疫力是至关重要的。对于动物个体来说,保持较高的营养状况是能提高免疫力基础。如果营养状况不好,动物的免疫力就相对低下,对接种的疫苗抗原反应性不好(慢),很可能造成免疫失败。作者在文中还从多角度详细分析了接种疫苗不当会引发的风险和损失.并明确指出了如何做才能提高动物的免疫效果、哪几种情况下动物不宜接种和特别应注意的问题。希望此文能对中小养殖企业(户)提高认识和提高接种疫苗效果有切实的帮助。     

犬猫的疫苗免疫

疫苗免疫在犬猫传染病的预防和控制上起着极其重要的作用。目前,犬猫疫苗免疫的研究取得不断进展,陆续有新的发现和新的产品面世。     

浦东新区犬防工作现状、存在问题和对策

自2011年5月《上海市养犬管理条例》颁布实施以来,浦东新区动物疫控中心结合浦东实际,充分发挥镇动物防检站和街道动物防疫工作站主渠道作用,按照《条例》中合理布局、方便接种的原则,采取集中免疫和日常免疫相结合的办法,积极开展犬狂犬病免疫工作。     

玉环县犬类管理的现状与建议

近年来,玉环县养犬数量越来越多,目前已超过4万只,犬伤人数量也逐年增加,2004年伤人6685例.据县疾控中心统计,由于犬伤注射狂犬病疫苗8900人次.无限制的养犬,已严重威胁人畜安全.     

犬免疫接种的几点临床体会

免疫接种是通过给犬注射疫苗或免疫血清等生物制剂,使其获得特异性抵抗力,从而对某种疫病由易感动物转化为非易感动物,以减少或消除该病的发生。     

犬接种疫苗后的注意事项

一般情况下．接种疫苗后．犬不会出现大的身体变化．个别犬在接种疫苗后的第二天有不愿动、食欲差的暂时现象．很快会恢复正常。如果注射疫苗后．犬在10～20分钟内起皮疹．甚至浑身无力．则属于过敏现象．应该请兽医立即抢救。     

Anaphylaxis after rabies vaccination for dogs in Japan

Severe adverse reactions after rabies vaccination in dogs were examined from 317 cases reported to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in Japan during 15-year period from April 2004 to March 2019. We found that 109 of the 317 dogs showed anaphylaxis (0.15/100,000 vaccinated dogs), and 71 of the 109 cases of anaphylaxis resulted in death (0.10/100,000 vaccinated dogs). We measured bovine serum albumin (BSA) in four commercially available rabies vaccines and found the levels ranged from 0.1 to 16.6 µg/dose. Our survey showed that the rate of anaphylaxis to rabies vaccines in dogs is rare, although some cases of anaphylaxis resulted in death. Veterinarians should be well prepared to deal with vaccine-associated anaphylaxis.     

Policies for the vaccination of cats and dogs in New Zealand veterinary practices

AIMS: To determine current practices and attitudes towards vaccination of dogs and cats of veterinarians in New Zealand; the methods used for informing clients on which vaccines to use, and the preferred site for vaccination of cats.

METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to all 483 listed veterinary practices in New Zealand during February 2012. Some questions were specific to pet dogs, cats, or working farm dogs. Responses were categorised according to practice type and geographical region of the respondent. Factors associated with respondent recommendation of annual vaccination with modified live viral (MLV) vaccines were examined using logistic regression analysis. Vaccines that were considered to be essential for every animal were defined as core; those that may be recommended for animals whose location or lifestyle placed them at risk, were defined as non-core.

RESULTS: There were 204 useable returns, equivalent to a response rate of 42.2%, distributed across the country. Annual vaccination with MLV vaccines of dogs was recommended by 54/198 (27.3%) respondents, and of cats by 107/181 (59.1%) respondents. Factors associated with the recommendation of annual administration of MLV vaccines to dogs included being a companion animal practice, a desire for policies on vaccination to be left to individual clinics, and having one veterinarian in the practice. Administration of the final vaccination for puppies was recommended at ≥14 weeks old by 55/185 (29.7%) respondents, and for kittens at ≥13 weeks old by 42/183 (23%) respondents. Of respondents that administered MLV vaccines annually, 62/103 (60.2%) believed reducing the frequency of vaccination would reduce income, and 52/103 (50.5%) considered it would have a negative effect on animal health. Advice to enable clients to decide which non-core vaccines were administered was given by 181/199 (91%) respondents. Factors considered when recommending a vaccine included consideration of risk to individual patients (190/203; 93.6%), requirements of boarding kennels/catteries (165/203; 81.3%) and clinic vaccination policy (142/203; 70%). The preferred site for administering MLV vaccines to cats was the dorsal neck or inter-scapular region (137/198; 69.2%). Amongst respondents, 18 wanted disease surveillance information to allow for truly informed decisions to be made about vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinarians can now compare their own vaccination practices and attitudes with those of veterinarians nationally, and internationally. There is a need for national surveillance information and for continued education of the public and commercial kennel and cattery owners for optimal vaccination strategies to be developed.     

Behavioural problems in dogs

Summary

The treatment of 133 dogs with behavioural problems is reviewed. The problems most frequently presented concerned aggressive behaviour and/or fear (agonistic behaviour). The combination of problems of dominance and problem behaviour stimulating conditioning (PBSC) was a diagnosis made significantly more often than others. The owner's inability to control the dog appeared to be associated primarily with aggression, but also with fear, in the dog.

In aggression as well as in fear, reinstatement of the appropriate ranking order was the usual goal of therapy. In cases of aggression the results of treatment were considered good or fair in 42 percent of the cases, moderate in 11, and bad in 41 percent of the cases. In those involving fear, the results were good or fair in 52 percent of the cases, moderate in 15, and bad in 25 percent. Hence treatment was only moderately successful. This reflects the need for more reliable and valid knowledge about symptoms, diagnostic methods and therapeutic possibilities.     

Platelet aggregation in dogs after live-virus vaccination

Platelet aggregation induced by ADP was studied in dogs after vaccination with a modified live-virus distemper vaccine. A significant decrease in platelet counts was observed about 1 week after the vaccination. There were no consistent changes in the aggregability of the platelets. In 4 samples the aggregability was significantly increased compared to the prevaccination values. The observed changes will not cause a defective hemostasis in otherwise normal dogs.     

浅谈家禽免疫接种时应注意的问题

家禽免疫接种是预防传染病的有效手段,各养殖场(户)对免疫程序、疫苗选择及疫苗的运输、保存等问题都比较重视,但有时却忽视     

Factors affecting the serological response of dogs and cats to rabies vaccination

After being vaccinated against rabies some cats and dogs fail to show an antibody titre adequate to meet the requirements of the UK Pet Travel Scheme. To investigate this problem, the data derived from 16,073 serum samples submitted to the Veterinary Laboratories Agency for serological testing between 1999 and 2002, 1002 samples submitted to BioBest during March and April 2001, and 1264 samples associated with one make of vaccine submitted to BioBest between June 2001 and January 2003, were analysed. The probability of antibody titre failing to reach at least 0.5 iu/ml was analysed by logistic regression as a function of the choice of vaccine, the interval between vaccination and sampling, the sex and age of the animal, and its country of origin. In dogs, all these factors, except sex, had highly significant (P < 0.001) effects on the test failure rate, and in cats all the factors had a significant effect (P < 0.05).