法国番鸭引种饲养试验总结

<正> 法国番鸭是目前国际上典型的瘦肉型优良鸭之一,具有体型大,生长快,耐粗饲,抗病力强,肉质好,瘦肉率高,其烹制的肉产品并有独特的野香味,为了解其生长发育特性,在新余地区的适应性以及饲养的经济效益,我们从余干引进商品代法国番鸭295羽,投放在观巢乡专业户处饲养,经80天的饲养观     

法国番鸭与本地番鸭饲养对比试验

莆田县年饲养番鸭达８００多万羽,但是专业户、场和群众散养的多为本地番鸭,其个体较小,增重较慢,饲料报酬低,饲养效益不高。近来,莆田县牧医中心引进法国番鸭。为研究法国番鸭在我县的生产性能,我们于１９９７年７月１３日在灵川青山莆田县种鸭场内进行了本试验。１　试验材料与方法　１１　试验鸭及分组　法国番鸭苗由莆田县种鸭场提供,本地番鸭苗由新度顺发禽苗场提供。试验分为４组：Ⅰ组为法国公番鸭,Ⅱ组为法国母番鸭,Ⅲ组为本地公番鸭,Ⅳ组为本地母番鸭。每组各饲养１００羽。１２　饲养管理　试验在莆田县种鸭场内进…     

法国番鸭的适应性观察

番鸭饲养已有７００年以上的历史。１９７０年后经法国国立家禽研究所对番鸭培育改良,番鸭的低皮脂率,胸、腿肉率高,肌红蛋白高、肉质好、补偿性生长能力强的优点受到各国消费者的亲睐。四川省原种水禽场１９９６年９月２４日从法国克里莫公司引进番鸭配套系ＣＡ、ＣＲ...     

法国番鸭与本地番鸭的杂交效果研究

试验以法国番鸭及其与本地番鸭的杂交后代为材料,测定法国公番鸭与本地母番鸭的杂交效果,对生长性能、体尺测量和屠宰测定的结果分析表明：两个品种的杂交效果较显著,其中死亡率（－６９．２３％）,胸深（１５．２８％）、胸肌重（９．５４％）、腿肌重（１２．５８％）、腹脂重（２７．６５％）、皮脂重（２０．０７％）的杂交提高较大,差异达极显著或显著水平,除胫长的杂交提高为负值外,其余指标的杂交提高均正、但差异都不     

番鸭的饲养

在与法国相同气候条件下繁殖和饲养番鸭。     

法国番鸭与本地番鸭杂交试验

一、试验材料和方法(一)试验时间本试验于1989年6月13日开始至9月4日全期83天(法国番鸭组85天,提早出壳二天)。试验正处在炎热夏季。全期平均温度29.4℃,最高温度为36.5℃.     

法国番鸭与本地番鸭的杂交效果研究

试验以法国番鸭及其与本地番鸭的杂交后代为材料,测定法国公番鸭与本地母番鸭的杂交效果,对生长性能,体尺测量和屠宰测定的结果分析表明;两个品种的杂交效果较显著,其中死亡率,胸深,胸肌重,腿肌重,腹脂重,皮脂重的杂交提高较大,差异达极显著或显著水平。     

法国祖代番鸭生产性能的观察

为了加快鸭品种的更新改良，为消费者提供优质的肉鸭产品，2000年江苏畜牧兽医职业技术学院校内实习基地(江苏丰达种鸭场)，利用农业部948项目从法国引进优质瘦肉型肉鸭——巴巴里祖代番鸭1080套，通过对引进的祖代番鸭进行了两个产蛋期的饲养观察，发现该品种引进后能表现出较好的适应性，生产性能基本上接近引进地的生产性能。     

法国R51番鸭引种观察

宁乡县种鸡场从福建引进法国Ｒ５１雏鸭１０１０羽，实行半开放式栏舍饲养、饲料分为前、中、后期和产蛋期４种，育雏率９７．４％，２１０日龄达产蛋高峰，产蛋率８７．３％，平均蛋重７３．４２ｇ，平均年产蛋１３３．２枚，孵化率８４．６％，１５０日龄公母平均体重３．４２ｋｇ，其中公鸭达４．０７ｋｇ。     

番鸭养殖技术

番鸭又称红头鸭,体型较家鸭(水鸭、泥鸭)键壮肥大,体躯长宽略扁,头部喙的基部和眼睛周围有红色或赤黑色的肉皮瘤,公鸭皮瘤比母鸭发达。番鸭羽毛颜色有纯黑、纯白和黑白杂色等,国内番鸭大多是纯黑羽,法国进口巴巴里番鸭大多是纯白羽。番鸭生长快,黑羽番鸭70日龄公母平均体重2kg。番鸭两性的体型、体重差异大,成年公番鸭体重3-5kg,成年母番鸭体重1．8-2．25kg。     

A survey of the fish fauna of Transkei estuaries. Part 1. The Kei River estuary

During the period of survey the 8 km long Kei estuary was subjected to periodic floods which reduced salinities to 0%o and decreased light penetration to a few centimetres. Species composition, and temporal and spatial abundance were determined for fish samples collected by means of gill nets. Twenty-six species of fish were caught with Mugil cephalus, Liza tricuspidens and Argyrosomus hololepidotus predominating, in that order. The family Mugilidae comprised 67,8% of the numbers and 66,6% of the fish biomass caught. Definite seasonal patterns could not be determined for many of the fish although M. cephalus, L. richardsoni and A. hololepidotus were more abundant in summer. The effect of river flooding had unpredictable results on Mugilidae catches which either decreased or increased after floods while catches of P. commersonii and A. hololepidotus usually increased. Largest catches were made in the middle reaches although species diversity was greatest in the lower reaches of the estuary.     

Indigenous Muscovy Ducks in Congo Brazzaville. 2. Preliminary observations on indigenous Muscovy ducks reared under moderate inputs in Congolese conditions

To evaluate the potential of the native Muscovy ducks in Congo, a trial was conducted with closed housing, commercial feeding and veterinary care. The characterization included reproductive performance, daily weight gain, live body weight, feed conversion ratio, body live weight productivity, and meat productivity. The experimental genetic stock was bred under natural mating and natural incubation. The number of eggs recorded per female and per clutch was 14.6 ± 3 eggs with 2 clutches per year. The average (±SD) hatchability was 75% ± 3% and the average egg weight was 72 ± 8 g. The sexual dimorphism for body weight appeared after 3 weeks (p < 0.05). The maximum daily weight gain in males reached 55 ± 8 g/day and occurred at 5 weeks, whereas in females it occurred at 4 weeks and reached 35 ± 5 g/day. The carcass yield was 70% ± 5% and 51 ± 8% in males and females, respectively. The meat productivity was 26.7 and 11.5 kg/m² per year in males and females, respectively. From these findings, it can be concluded that the incubation by mother duck is preferred in the small farming duck and that males should be raised for meat and females for egg production. Further studies including local poultry-related issues are needed to optimize the performance of the native Muscovy duck in Congo Brazzaville.     

番鸭呼肠病毒病的病原学研究进展

番鸭呼肠病毒病是由番鸭呼肠病毒引起的一种急性传染病,主要发生于40日龄内的番鸭,临床上以软脚为主要症状,并伴有腹泻,发病率高,病情严重时可致全群死亡,给番鸭养殖业带来了巨大的损失。其病原为呼肠病毒科正呼肠病毒属番鸭呼肠病毒。文章综合了国内外对该病的病原学研究成果,从病毒的分类地位、生物学特性、基因组与编码蛋白、病原分布及流行特性、检测与防控等方面对该病的病原学进行了较全面的论述,以期对该病的深入研究和防控提供有用的资料。     

番鸭源新城疫病毒F蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术对番鸭源新城疫病毒FP1/02株的F蛋白基因进行分段扩增、定向克隆到pMD 18-T Simple Vector质粒载体，然后制定其核苷酸序列，拼接出F基因全序列．并推导出其相应的氨基酸序列。FP1／02株的F蛋白基因全长1690bp．编码553个氨基酸，其裂解位点的氨基酸序列为^112R-R-Q-K-R-F^112．具有强毒蛛特有的氨基酸序列结构特征。核苷酸序列分析结果表明，FP1／02株与其他不同源新城疫病毒毒株之间的核苷酸序列同源性为87.2%～93.3%.     

CFSE标记法分析番鸭呼肠孤病毒感染对番鸭回肠淋巴细胞归巢的影响

旨在建立一种可靠的体外活番鸭淋巴细胞的荧光标记方法,并用于分析番鸭呼肠孤病毒感染对雏番鸭回肠淋巴细胞归巢的影响。选择活细胞荧光染剂5（6）-羧基二乙酸荧光素琥珀酰亚胺酯（CFDA-SE,CFSE）对分离的番鸭淋巴细胞进行标记和利用流式细胞术对体外标记的淋巴细胞体内示踪检测分析,并利用该方法对MDRV感染雏番鸭回肠组织的淋巴细胞数量进行流式细胞术和石蜡切片免疫荧光检测分析;结果最终确定CFSE体外标记番鸭淋巴细胞的条件为以PBS为孵育液,终浓度10 μmol·L^-1,37℃ 30 min;试验结果表明番鸭外周血内的CFSE⁺淋巴细胞率基本稳定在2%~5%,CFSE⁺淋巴细胞峰值出现顺序依次为脾、空肠、回肠、盲肠、十二指肠、法氏囊和胸腺;此外,感染MDRV后1~10 d MDRV组中CFSE⁺淋巴细胞率极显著（P<0.01）高于MOCK组,该结果与α4⁺淋巴细胞率和石蜡切片免疫荧光检测结果一致。结果表明本试验CFSE标记的淋巴细胞可用于体内淋巴细胞示踪,初步应用结果提示MDRV感染促进番鸭淋巴细胞向回肠归巢,为进一步阐明MDRV感染的肠道组织致病机制奠定了基础。     

Indigenous Muscovy ducks in Congo-Brazzaville. 1. A survey of indigenous Muscovy duck management in households in Dolisie City

A cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire with open-ended questions and multiple-choice questions was used to collect data on the profile of duck keepers, husbandry practices, and performances, opportunities and constraints of Muscovy duck breeding in households (n = 88) in Dolisie city (Congo-Brazzaville). The study confirmed the common observations on traditional poultry keeping such as scavenging during the day and housing overnight. The flock size (7.7 ± 3 ducks per unit) showed no specialization of husbandry (100% of surveyed flocks were kept for simultaneous production of ducklings, meat and eggs) and a high drake-to-duck ratio (1:3). The hatchability was close to 80.5% ± 13%, whereas the average number of eggs was 13.2 ± 5 per clutch. In addition, a high mortality (80%) was observed in ducklings, which was due to poor feeding, lack of veterinary care and housing conditions. Eggs and live ducks were sold by duck farmers in response to the family needs rather than market price. The three most important findings were as follows: (1) duck keepers were mainly men (80% versus 20% of women); (2) there was no evidence of taboo; and (3) the duck as an exotic bird was not proscribed by cultural beliefs, and therefore development of the Muscovy duck in Congo Brazzaville should be unhindered.     

番鸭产蛋规律的研究

采用"泄殖腔外托蛋法"对番鸭产蛋规律跟踪测试,结果表明:①番鸭产蛋分为第一、二产蛋期,第一产蛋期持续22-25周,换羽期10-12周;换羽后进入第二产蛋期,经20-22周产蛋后即可淘汰。第一、二产蛋期平均产蛋频率分别为0.48和0.46,两者差异不显著(P>0.05),经测定番鸭(60周)平均产蛋量为156.57个,高产者达213个,少者仅73个。②番鸭冬季日产蛋高峰于凌晨4点,而夏季的高峰时间出现在凌晨5点,且夏季产蛋多、持续时间也较长。环境温度对番鸭产蛋性能有较大影响,冬、夏季平均产蛋率分别为27.48％和51.5％。③番鸭开产体重与开产日龄呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.198(P<0.05),但与第一产蛋期产蛋量呈弱负相关(r=-0.015);开产体重与第一产蛋期产蛋量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.272)(P<0.01)。     

番鸭快慢羽基因频率及伴性遗传的研究

本研究对RF系白番鸭羽型和基因频率进行测定,结果表明白番鸭羽型以快羽Ⅱ型(主翼羽比覆主翼羽长5mm以上)比率较高,占群体76.06%,快羽Ⅰ型(主翼羽比覆主翼羽长2～5mm之间)次之,占15.29%,而慢羽型仅占8.65%;快慢羽基因(k、K)频率分别为0.9254和0.0746,可见慢羽基因频率较低.同时对番鸭快慢羽速性状的遗传进行跟踪测试,结果表明慢羽公鸭经与快羽母鸭测交,其公鸭均为杂合慢羽型;快羽Ⅰ型公鸭与慢羽母鸭交配,其后代根据羽速进行雌雄鉴别准确率达98.21%,显著高于快羽Ⅱ型公鸭与慢羽母鸭组配的雌雄鉴别率(85.43%)(P＜0.05);为提高羽速伴性遗传的准确率,对快慢羽不典型或疑似羽型的雏番鸭应严格淘汰,可望加速快、慢羽纯系的选育.     

法国番鸭与绍鸭的杂交效果试验

绍兴麻鸭是国内外著名的蛋鸭良种。绍兴农村多有利用夏季绍鸭雄鸭苗作肉鸭饲养的习惯，但其缺点是生长慢，体重小，为提高饲养绍鸭雄鸭的肉用性能和经济效益，采用法国番鸭作父本，绍兴麻鸭作母本，经杂交试验，杂种一代8周体重达1915g，屠宰率为89．35％，羽均利润增长2．18元。