基于ST-LSTM的植物生长发育预测模型

提早预知植物生长发育是智能育种过程的重要组成部分,针对植物表型难以精准预测和模拟的问题,利用植物生长发育的空间和时间依赖性,提出了一种基于时空长短时记忆网络（Spatiotemporal long short-term memory,ST-LSTM）的植物生长发育预测模型,实现植物生长发育的预测。首先,通过微调Mask R-CNN模型实现识别、提取植物掩模,预处理具有时空相关性的植物生长发育图像序列,构建植物生长发育预测数据集。然后,基于ST-LSTM建立植物生长发育预测模型,利用历史生长发育图像序列,融合时空深度特征,预测植物未来的生长发育图像序列。研究结果表明,所提出模型预测的图像序列与生长发育实际图像序列具有较高的一致性和相似性,首个预测时间节点的结构相似度为0.8741,均方误差为17.10,峰值信噪比为30.83,测试集的冠层叶面积、冠幅和叶片数预测R2分别为0.9619、0.9087和0.9158。该研究实现了基于植物生长发育图像序列的生长发育预测,有效减少了田间反复试验的时间、土地和人力成本,为提高智能育种效率提供了参考。     

基于卡尔曼滤波融合的改进神经网络油菜成熟度预测方法

油菜在智能植物生长柜中的生长发育过程会发生显著的形态变化。准确掌握油菜成熟度对调节智能植物生长柜环境参数设置、节约资源能源具有重要的意义。本文利用图像分割和边缘检测技术来提取冠层叶面积、株高和根系长度、根系侧面积等形态特征,分别建立神经网络模型并对其特征参数进行训练,实现对蔬菜成熟度的预测。提出基于卡尔曼滤波的成熟度预测信息融合方法,将预测准确性提高到95.5%。     

基于时序深度学习的数控机床运动精度预测方法

由于数控机床精度演化规律难以通过数学建模分析,提出了一种基于时序深度学习网络的数控机床运动精度建模与预测方法。基于长短时记忆网络建立时序深度学习预测模型,利用相空间重构原理构建模型时序输入向量,采用多层网格搜索方法选择最优隐含层层数、隐含层节点数等模型参数,以BPTT方法训练模型;模型自动提取运动精度时间序列的时空特征,挖掘精度时间序列前后关联信息,对运动精度变化趋势进行预测。实验结果表明,基于时序深度学习网络的预测模型能够准确预测数控机床精度的衰退趋势,预测的最大相对误差不大于7. 96%,优于传统方法。     

基于LSTM递归神经网络的番茄目标产量时间序列预测

番茄目标产量预测对于合理制定灌溉施肥制度以及减少水肥的浪费有着重要意义。以番茄历年产量数据为依据,提出了一种基于长短期记忆递归神经网络的番茄目标产量预测模型,包括模型设计、网络训练和预测过程实现等,将模型预测结果与自回归移动平均(ARIMA)、小波神经网络(WNN)、支持向量回归(SVR)3种时间序列预测模型进行对比,验证了所提出的LSTM递归神经网络预测模型在番茄目标产量预测中具有较高准确性。     

基于神经网络的温室土壤水分动态预测模型研究北大核心

针对智能温室变量施水的土壤水分预测问题,建立基于神经网络的土壤水分动态预测模型。以Delaunay三角剖分布点方法为基础,并将种植区域离散成若干单元。对各离散单元,模糊其土壤喷灌量,将单位时间土壤含水量的变化映射成土壤水势变化。考虑到土壤的时空特性,使用MATLAB建立以预测单元表层测量点土壤含水量、土壤温度和单位时间土壤含水量变化量作为输入,未来时刻该单元中心土壤深层含水量作为输出的BP神经网络和RBF神经网络预测模型。利用温室实际数据验证模型的准确性,通过比较两种神经网络模型结果,得出RBF神经网络模型具有较好实用性,为温室精细化变量施水的实现奠定基础。     

神经网络模型在农村人均收入预测中的应用

利用人工神经网络建立了具有时间序列对象的预测模型，并提出了基于体模型的数据处理方法，在此基础上，对吉林省榆树县大坡镇两家村的人均收进行了预测，证实了本模型的正确性和科学性。     

基于神经网络的温室土壤水分动态预测模型研究

针对智能温室变量施水的土壤水分预测问题,建立基于神经网络的土壤水分动态预测模型。以Delaunay三角剖分布点方法为基础,并将种植区域离散成若干单元。对各离散单元,模糊其土壤喷灌量,将单位时间土壤含水量的变化映射成土壤水势变化。考虑到土壤的时空特性,使用MATLAB建立以预测单元表层测量点土壤含水量、土壤温度和单位时间土壤含水量变化量作为输入,未来时刻该单元中心土壤深层含水量作为输出的BP神经网络和RBF神经网络预测模型。利用温室实际数据验证模型的准确性,通过比较两种神经网络模型结果,得出RBF神经网络模型具有较好实用性,为温室精细化变量施水的实现奠定基础。     

基于 NARX 神经网络的农产品价格时间序列预测方法研究

针对传统时间序列预测方法在非线性时间序列预测上的不足,引入了非线性有源自回归神经网络（ NARX ）,建立了基于非线性有源自回归神经网络农产品价格时间序列预测模型。该模型利用核函数对农产品价格时间序列进行数据变换;再用统计分析方法对模型性能进行评价、分析,进而对模型性能进行优化。实验结果表明：非线性有源自回归神经网络较传统时间序列预测模型,对非线性时间序列预测有更好的适应性和更高的预测精度。     

基于SSA-PSO-LSTM模型的羊舍相对湿度预测技术

羊舍湿度过高或过低都会直接威胁肉羊健康生长,及时掌握湿度变化趋势并提前调控是确保规模化肉羊无应激环境下健康养殖的关键。为提高湿度预测精度,提出了基于奇异谱分析（SSA）、粒子群优化算法（PSO）、长短时记忆网络（LSTM）的羊舍湿度非线性组合预测模型。利用SSA分离出正常序列和噪声序列,将原始序列转换为平滑序列;其次通过PSO不断迭代优化确定LSTM的最优参数组合,降低LSTM的训练成本;最终依据优化参数建立组合预测模型分别对两序列进行预测,模型结果之和为最终预测结果。利用该模型对新疆维吾尔自治区2021年3月17—27日期间的羊舍空气相对湿度进行预测,结果表明,该组合预测模型具有良好的泛化性、稳定性和收敛性。与标准的ELM、SVR、LSTM、PSO-LSTM、EMD-PSO-LSTM等模型相比,本文提出的SSA-PSO-LSTM组合模型具有更高的预测精度,其均方误差、平均绝对误差和决定系数分别为1.127%2、0.803%和0.988。     

基于RFR和VMD-TCN的抽水蓄能机组劣化趋势预测方法

抽水蓄能机组具有结构复杂、工况复杂多变、故障复杂多样等特点。利用实时监测数据有效评价抽水蓄能机组的劣化状态并对劣化趋势进行准确地预测仍是一个难题。为此，提出一种基于随机森林回归（RFR）、变分模态分解（VMD）和时间卷积网络（TCN）的抽水蓄能机组劣化趋势预测方法。首先，基于健康状态下的历史监测数据，选择与状态监测数据关联性强的工况参数数据作为健康状态模型的输入，建立基于RFR的健康状态模型；其次，输入实时工况参数数据，根据健康模型输出的标准值与实时状态监测数据计算得到劣化趋势序列；最后，考虑到劣化趋势序列的非线性因数，设计了基于VMD-TCN的时序预测模型，以实现对劣化趋势的精确预测。为验证所提方法的有效性，采集位于中国浙江的抽水蓄能电站真实监测数据进行多组对比实验。结果显示，所提出的方法在建立健康模型时拟合精度达到了0.98，并且在劣化趋势预测任务中，基于VMD-TCN的时序预测模型相比于其他比较模型具有更高的预测精度。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。