禽大肠杆菌外膜蛋白、脂多糖疫苗的免疫保护试验

为探讨禽源性大肠杆菌外膜蛋白 (OMPs)、脂多糖 (L PS)对禽大肠杆菌病的免疫保护作用 ,从禽源性大肠杆菌0 37株提取 OMPs、L PS后 ,分别以含 2、1mg OMPs的油乳剂苗于 2、4周龄时各 2次免疫易感鸡 ,在免疫鸡 5周龄时以 10 8菌落形成单位 (CFU) 0 37株攻毒 ,结果免疫后、临攻毒前 (5周龄 ) 2组鸡的平均体重分别为 0 .96 kg和 0 .87kg,攻毒后 2个组的免疫保护效力分别为 94.74%和 78.95 %;以含 0 .2 5、0 .12 5 mg L PS的油乳剂苗同法免疫后攻毒 ,结果免疫后、临攻毒前其平均体重分别为 1.10 kg和 0 .98kg,免疫效力分别为 36 .84%和 31.5 8%;以含 1.2 5 mg OMPs 0 .12 5 m g L PS的油乳剂苗同法免疫后攻毒 ,该组鸡相应日龄的平均体重为 0 .88kg,免疫效力为 84.2 1%;以含 2 .5× 10 9CFU/ m L 灭活的全菌油乳剂苗免疫后攻毒 ,该组鸡 5周龄时的平均体重为 0 .88kg,免疫保护效力为 78.95 %。上述结果表明 ,OMPs是禽大肠杆菌病的主要免疫保护性抗原 ,而 L PS为次要免疫保护性抗原。     

陕西省部分禽源性大肠杆菌的外膜蛋白型

从陕西省部分优势血清型的禽源性大肠杆菌中提取外膜蛋白 (outer membrane protein,OMP) ,用 SDS- PAGE进行 OMP分型。 18株菌共产生了 3种 OMP型 ,其中 4株 O1菌株 ,4株 O2菌株 ,4株 O78菌株和 3株 O89菌株各属2个 OMP型 (OMP- 1,2型 ) ;3株 O75菌株属 3个 OMP型 (OMP- 1,2 ,3型 )。结果表明 ,陕西省分离的优势血清型禽源大肠杆菌具有多样性的 OMP型 ,且多种血清型间具有共同的 OMP型。     

肉鸡源致病性大肠杆菌外膜蛋白型的研究

对分离自陕西省的16株肉鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的外膜蛋白（outer membrane proteins,OMP)进行提取，采用SDS-PAGE法进行分型，结果发现有3种外膜蛋白型，其中2株O4、2株O35、2株89，1株O18、1株O78属OMPⅠ型，2株O35，1株O4，1株O18属OMPⅡ型；1株O2，1株O75，1株O78，1株O89属OMPⅢ型，表明肉鸡源E.coli同一血清型中有不同OMP型，而不同血清型间也有相同OMP型，其中有2株菌OMP型表达丰富。     

鸡源大肠杆菌OMP和OmpT基因与血清型相关性

为了解禽致病性大肠杆菌分离株OMP、OmpT基因与血清型相关性,对6种血清型(O78、O38、O9、O91、O11、O157)的7株鸡源大肠杆菌菌株进行了外膜蛋白(OMP)和外膜蛋白酶T(OmpT)基因的研究.用N-十二烷酰肌氨酸法提取其外膜蛋白,经SDS-PAGE电泳后考马斯亮蓝染色,对鸡源大肠杆菌菌株进行了外膜蛋白分型;用PCR和生物信息学的方法对OmpT基因进行检测与分析.7株大肠杆菌共有3个OMP型,其中,分离株5,32,9主要由相对分子质量接近的2条带组成,为OMP-1型;分离株11主要由相对分子质量接近的3条带组成,为OMP-2型;分离株14,7主要由相对分子质量接近的1条带组成,为OMP-3型.这表明同一血清型的菌株可能属于不同的OMP型,而血清型不同的分离株之间却可具有相同的OMP型.PCR检测结果显示7株鸡源大肠杆菌均携带OmpT基因,与GenBank登录的序列比较发现其同源性为91.9％～100.0％,不同血清型菌株间的同源性为91.9％～98.0％.该试验证实了同一血清型分离株之间可发生遗传分化,而不同血清型分离株之间也可具有不同程度的遗传相关性;不同血清型分离株间的OmpT基因的同源性存在一定的差异.     

禽病原性大肠杆菌1型菌毛主要亚单位结构基因的克隆、测序与表达

从禽源大肠杆菌037(O78)、166(O78)、120(O18)分离株和猪源大肠杆菌107／86分离株分别提取基因组DNA，并以此为聚合酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction，PCR)的模板，扩增上述分离株的1型菌毛主要亚单位结构基因pilA，通过其编码的主要菌毛亚单位FimA蛋白氨基酸的序列比较发现：3个禽源株间FimA的同源性为94．3％至99．0％；禽源株和猪源株间FimA的同源性为89．6％至91．1％。通过对重组大肠杆菌的菌体裂解物的SDS-PAGE电泳分析及Western blot分析，禽源大肠杆菌O78 037株、O18 120株出现了一致的强反应，O78 166株反应较弱，而猪源大肠杆菌107／86株反应最弱。这些结果表明：禽源大肠杆菌与猪源大肠杆菌1型菌毛间存在抗原多样性，这种多样性甚至出现在禽病原性大肠杆菌同一血清型的2个不同分离株之间，如O78 037株O78 166株之间，尽管其FimA氨基酸的同源性很高，为99．0％。     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌外膜蛋白和脂多糖的免疫保护效果

为确定禽多杀性巴氏杆菌(P.multocida)的保护性抗原外膜蛋白(OMPs)和脂多糖(LPS)在抵抗感染中的作用,本研究提取了禽P.multocida CVCC 474的OMPs和LPS成分,将该两种成分分别与弗氏佐剂混合制备免疫原,进行动物免疫。小鼠分为4组:OMPs组、LPS组、禽P.multocida弱毒活疫苗组和PBS对照组,每组16只。各组均免疫3次,每次间隔两周。间接ELISA检测免疫后小鼠血清特异性抗体水平,MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖情况。以禽P.multocida强毒株CVCC 474进行攻毒,计算小鼠死亡数及保护率。实验结果表明,动物免疫后,OMPs组与LPS组免疫小鼠特异性血清抗体水平持续升高,与弱毒活疫苗组水平相近,与PBS组相比差异极显著(p<0.01)。脾淋巴细胞增殖试验表明,OMPs组、LPS组和弱毒活疫苗组的SI值极显著高于PBS对照组(p<0.01),但3个免疫组之间则无明显差异(p>0.05)。攻毒保护试验结果显示,OMPs免疫组的保护率与弱毒活疫苗相当,为8/10,高于LPS免疫组的保护率(7/10),表明OMPs作为研制禽P.multocida亚单位疫苗具有良好的...     

大连普兰店地区鸡大肠杆菌优势血清型筛选

本试验从普兰店地区部分养鸡场采集具有典型临诊特征的鸡大肠杆菌病的病、死鸡病料,进行细菌分离培养和鉴定,分离到17株鸡大肠杆菌。对此17株大肠杆菌进行血清型鉴定,鉴定出血清型15株,分别属于O18、O15、O8、O78、O35,其中O35血清型共6株,占定型菌株的40%;O18血清型共5株,占定型菌株的33.3%。结果表明O35型和O18型鸡大肠杆菌为普兰店地区优势流行血清型。1病料采集鸡大肠杆菌病主要临诊表现有脐炎型、急性败血型、气囊炎型、全眼球炎型、卵黄性腹膜炎型。败血症型在临床上主要表现为纤维     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌脂多糖的制备及对小鼠的免疫保护作用

采用酚-水法制备血清3型、4型、5型、7型和8型猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（APP）脂多糖（LPS），以该多糖免疫小鼠，进行同源攻毒保护试验，结果LPS在20斗∥只的免疫剂量下可对小鼠产生较强的保护作用，用同血清型菌株对免疫后的小鼠攻毒，仅表现肺脏轻微出血，无死亡，而对照组未经免疫直接攻毒的小白鼠全部死亡，肺脏严重出血；小鼠免疫后第2d就可以检测到抗体，并且抗体水平上升较快，到第6d抗体达到最高水平，之后，抗体水平开始下降，但下降幅度不大，可持续2个月左右；交叉保护试验结果表明血清3型LPS对血清5型和7型APP，血清4型LPS对血清5型和7型APP没有保护作用，免疫后的小鼠攻毒仍表现多数死亡；血清3型LPS对血清4型和8型APP有交叉保护作用，血清4型LPS对血清3型和8型APP有交叉保护作用，血清5型、7型、8型LPS对5个血清型的APP都有交叉保护作用，免疫后的小鼠攻毒无死亡，仅表现肺脏有不同程度的出血。上述结果表明LPS是APP的主要免疫保护性抗原之一，该研究为APP亚单位疫苗的研制及应用提供了理论依据。     

天津地区鸡致病性大肠杆菌血清型分布及其优势血清型的外膜蛋白型研究

从天津地区各区县养鸡场分离 ,鉴定出 45株鸡致病性大肠杆菌。对 45株致病性大肠杆菌进行血清型鉴定 ,共定型出 3 1株 ,分属 1 4个血清型 ,其中 O78、O88、O2 、O4 5、O53、O14 5为优势血清型 ,占定型菌株的 58.3 %。提取 O78、O88、O2 、O4 5、O53和O14 56个血清型 1 8个分离株的外膜蛋白 ( Outermembrane protein,OMP) ,测定外膜蛋白型 ( Outmembrane protein patterns,OMPS) ,SDS-PAGE分析表明这些分离株共产生了 3个 OMP型 ( 1～ 3型 )。 OMP-1型为 O78、O88、O2 、O53、O14 55个血清型分离株所共有 ,OMP-2型为 O78、O4 5、O14 53个血清型分离株所共有。这表明同一血清的菌株可能属于完全不同的 OMP型 ,而血清型不同的菌株也可能为同一 OMP型。     

The outer membrane protein type of five dominant Eschedchia coli serotypes in pigs in Guangdong area

对从广东地区部分猪场分离的大肠杆菌进行血清型鉴定后，选取优势血清型09、026、060、0100和O107的8个致病性较强的分离株，采用超声波裂解、N-十二烷基肌氨酸钠处理和超速离心技术提取大肠杆菌的外膜蛋白（0MP），利用SDS-PAGE电泳进行OMP分型。结果8个菌株共有3个OMP型（I～III型），其中026。、0101、0107型的3个分离株的外膜蛋白型由1条带组成，为0MP—I型；060、0101、0107型的4个分离株的外膜蛋白型由2条带组成，为OMP—II型；09型的1个分离株的外膜蛋白型由3条带组成，为OMP-Ill型。这表明，优势血清型09、O26、0101、O107的分离株OMP型不单一；同一血清型的分离株，存在不同OMP型；而不同血清型的分离株却可有相同的OMP型。     

禽源大肠杆菌O2,O78分离株外膜蛋白型的研究

从１７个禽大肠杆菌病病例的Ｏ２、Ｏ７８分离株提取的主要外膜蛋白（ＯＭＦ），在ＳＤＳ－ｐＡＧＥ中出现了２个ＯＭＰ型。其中，９个Ｏ２分离株属２个ＯＭＰ型，８个Ｏ７８分离株均属其中的１个ＯＭＰ型。结果表明，分离到的Ｏ２、Ｏ７８大肠杆菌具有多样性的ＯＭＰ型，而且两者存在着共同的ＯＭＰ型。     

Construction and evaluation of a delta cya delta crp Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 LPS as a vaccine to prevent airsacculitis in chickens.

Avian pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli cause a number of extraintestinal diseases in poultry, including airsacculitis and colisepticemia. Expression of O78 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is frequently associated with pathogenic isolates. Salmonella, a common poultry contaminant, is a major public health concern. The purpose of this work was to develop an E. coli vaccine for poultry with the use of an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium carrier that would benefit both the bird and the consumer. Orally administered attenuated S. typhimurium delta cya delta crp strains have been shown to provide excellent protection against wild-type Salmonella challenge in chickens. This work describes the construction of a delta cya delta crp derivative of an avian pathogenic S. typhimurium that expresses both the homologous group B determinants (O1,4,5,12) and the heterologous E. coli O78 LPS O antigens. This was accomplished by inserting the E. coli rfb region, which encodes the genes required for O78 expression, into the chromosomal cya gene of S. typhimurium, creating a defined deletion/insertion mutation. A delta crp mutation was introduced in a subsequent step. Expression of both O antigens was stable in vitro and in vivo. Vaccination of white leghorn chicks at day of hatch and 14 days with the recombinant vaccine strain induced serum immune responses against both S. typhimurium and E. coli LPS and protected the birds against subsequent challenge with an avian pathogenic E. coli O78 strain. Introduction of a mutation in rfc, which encodes the O antigen polymerase, reduced the chain length of the S. typhimurium LPS without affecting the expression of O78. The rfc mutation further enhanced the ability of the vaccine strain to protect chickens against E. coli challenge.     

Expression of Escherichia coli antigens in Salmonella typhimurium as a vaccine to prevent airsacculitis in chickens

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are associated with a variety of extraintestinal poultry diseases, including airsacculitis, colisepticemia, and cellulitis. A number of E. coli serotypes are associated with these diseases, although the most prevalent serotype is O78. Fimbrial proteins expressed by these strains appear to be important virulence factors, including type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, and curli. We have been working to develop an effective vaccine to protect chickens against these diseases. We have previously shown that an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing O78 lipopolysaccharide provides protection against challenge with an O78 avian pathogenic E. coli strain. In this work, we have constructed an attenuated S. typhimurium that expresses both the O78 lipopolysaccharide and E. coli-derived type 1 fimbriae. In these studies, chickens were vaccinated at day of hatch and again at 2 wk of age. Birds were challenged at 4 wk of age. We found that the vaccine candidate provided significant protection against airsacculitis as compared to untreated controls or birds vaccinated with an attenuated S. typhimurium that did not express any E. coli antigens. In a separate experiment, challenged vaccinates showed significant weight gain compared to challenged nonvaccinates. We were not able to demonstrate protection against E. coli O1 or O2 serotype challenge, nor against challenge with wild-type S. typhimurium.     

Systemic and mucosal antibody responses to selected cell surface antigens of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in experimentally infected chickens

The immune response to four cell surface antigens of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) was investigated as the first step in identifying vaccine candidates. F1 pilus adhesin, P pilus adhesin, aerobactin receptor protein, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from an O78 E. coli (strain EC99) were used as antigens. The proteins were purified as 6xhistidine-tagged recombinant proteins and LPS was purified from a phenol/water extract. Groups of 12 broiler chickens were vaccinated intranasally with the EC99 strain and challenged with the same strain 10 days later via the intra-air sac route. The chickens that survived were euthanatized 10 days postchallenge. Scores were assigned to infected chickens on the basis of lesions and recovery of the challenge E. coli. The immunoglobulin (Ig) IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to the four antigens were measured in serum and air sac washings in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the chickens that were not vaccinated prior to challenge, two died and three of the survivors were ill, whereas, of the chickens that were vaccinated prior to challenge, one died and one of the survivors became ill. After the intranasal vaccination, high antibody activity against all four antigens was associated with each Ig isotype in serum and air sac washings. IgG was the predominant isotype of Ig in air sac washings as detected by radial immunodiffusion. Chickens that were not ill after challenge had greater IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody activity against all four antigens in serum and air sac washings than did sick chickens. Thus, all of the antigens tested appear to be suitable candidates for a vaccine to protect chickens from respiratory tract infections caused by APEC.     

Resistance of broiler chickens to Escherichia coli respiratory tract infection induced by passively transferred egg-yolk antibodies

Egg-yolk antibodies induced by immunizing hens with selected Escherichia coli antigens were evaluated for their ability to protect broiler chickens against respiratory/septicemic disease caused by avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Seven groups of broiler breeder hens were vaccinated three times, 1 week apart with live E. coli, killed E. coli, E. coli antigens [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), type 1 pilus adhesin (FimH), P pilus adhesin (PapG), aerobactin outer membrane receptor (IutA)] or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). An O78 APEC strain was used for preparation of all the antigens. Egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) were purified from eggs of each group and antibody activity in serum and purified IgY was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgY (100mg) was injected intramuscularly into 11-day-old broiler chickens, which were challenged 3 days later with homologous (O78) or heterologous (O1 or O2) E. coli by the intra-air sac route. Mortality was recorded and surviving chickens were euthanized 1 week after the challenge and examined for macroscopic lesions. Passive antibodies against all antigens except FimH were protective (90-100%) against the homologous challenge, but only anti-PapG and anti-IutA were effective against heterologous challenge. Anti-PapG IgY provided the greatest protection against the three serogroups of E. coli used for challenge. Hence vaccination of broiler breeders to induce anti-PapG and anti-IutA antibodies may provide passive protection of progeny chicks against respiratory/septicemic disease caused by APEC.     

Experimental trials with a thermostable Newcastle disease virus (strain I2) in commercial and village chickens in Tanzania

Antibody responses in indigenous village and commercial chickens vaccinated with 12 thermostable Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine and protection levels against challenge with a virulent field isolate were determined. The antibody response of village chickens vaccinated by eye drop revealed that 30, 60 and 90 days after primary vaccination, the mean log2 HI titres were 6.1, 5.4 and 3.6, respectively, whereas for commercial chickens, the antibody response after 14, 30 and 90 days were 8.2, 5.1 and 4.2, respectively. Village chickens vaccinated orally via drinking water had mean log2 HI titres of 3.4 after 30 days. After booster vaccination, the mean HI titre was 5.4 and 3.3 after 30 and 60 days post-secondary vaccination (i.e. 60 and 90 days after primary vaccination). Antibody response of mean log2 HI titres of 2.6 was recorded 30 days after primary vaccination orally through food; 30 and 60 days after secondary vaccination (i.e. 60 and 90 days after primary vaccination), mean log2 HI titres were 5.3 and 3.2, respectively. All commercial and village chickens vaccinated by eye drop survived the challenge trial whereas village chickens vaccinated through drinking water and food had protection levels of 80% and 60% 30 days after primary vaccination, respectively. However, 30 days after booster vaccination, the protection level was 100%. At 60 days after secondary vaccination, the protection level dropped again to 80% for chickens vaccinated orally. All control chickens used in the challenge trials developed clinical ND and died 3-5 days after inoculation with the virulent virus. Supported by laboratory findings, I2 strain of NDV seemed to be avirulent, immunogenic and highly protective against virulent isolates of NDV. It may be a suitable vaccine to use in village chickens to vaccinate them against ND in rural areas.     

鸡大肠杆菌Ⅰ型菌毛亚单位苗交叉保护的初步研究

含Ⅰ型菌毛的３ 个不同血清型（Ｏ１ 、Ｏ７８ 及Ｏ８８） 的菌株， 大容量培养后提取菌毛制备３ 种单价菌毛油乳苗。用１ 日龄雏鸡分别免疫３ 种单价菌毛油乳剂苗， 每雏免疫量为１２５ μｇ ， 隔离饲养至２ 周龄经气囊攻毒， 并评价疫苗的免疫原性。结果未免疫鸡出现８７－５ ％ ～１００ ％ 的死亡率， 免疫鸡用同源菌株攻毒后死亡率仅１２－５ ％ ， 用异源菌株攻毒出现３７－５％ ～６２－５ ％ 的死亡率。免疫鸡攻毒后未死亡者， 经扑杀观察， 可见在气囊、心包及肝脏的病变非常轻微， 且攻毒后比非免疫鸡能更有效地清除攻入气囊的大肠杆菌     

鸡大肠杆菌多价1型菌毛亚单位疫苗在鸡体内的免疫原性研究

用1日龄雏鸡免疫评价了鸡大肠杆菌多价1型菌毛油乳剂苗在鸡体内的免疫原性。用含1型菌毛的3个不同血清型（O1、O78及O88）菌株,大容量培养后提取菌毛制备多价菌毛油乳剂苗。接种多价菌毛油乳剂苗的鸡用同源菌株攻毒后出现10％～11．2％的死亡率,阳性对照组鸡攻毒后出现70％～80％的死亡率;用异源菌株（O36）攻毒后,免疫鸡出现33．3％的死亡率,而未免疫阳性对照组鸡死亡率达70％。免疫鸡在气囊,心包及肝脏的病变非常轻微,且攻毒后非免疫鸡能更有效地清除侵入气囊的大肠杆菌。     

禽大肠杆菌间接血凝抗体测定中致敏红细胞的选择

采取健康公鸡血液，提取红细胞，以禽病原性大肠杆菌O78-166分离的LPS分别致敏新鲜红细胞和醛化红细胞，置4℃下保存，在致敏后1-8d，应用上述致敏红细胞分别测定6个O78-166免疫鸡阳性血清，以比较上述红细胞的敏感性和有效使用期。结果表明：以LPS致敏的新红细胞做定量试验较为精确，以LPS致敏的醛化红细胞做大肠杆菌定性试验较为快捷。方便。