特克塞尔、无角陶赛特公羊与小尾寒羊杂交试验研究

通过特克塞尔和陶赛特公羊与小尾寒羊母羊杂交,产羔率分别达到213.04%和210.90%,和对照组小尾寒羊的产羔率231.42%差异不显著;在哺乳期内,特寒兀和陶寒F1羔羊的的生长发育比小尾寒羊明显,胸宽、胸深和尻宽分别比小尾寒羊高19.95%、11.54%、19.29%、和11.73%、10.96%和13.2%(P<0.01),4～6月龄育肥期内,特寒F1和陶寒F1的净增重为11.77kg和11.71kg,分别比小尾寒羊的8.51kg提高了38.3%和37.6%(P<0.01),杂交优势明显.特寒F1和陶寒F1的胴体重为21.65kg和20.93kg,屠宰率达到为51.08%和50.81%,分别比小尾寒羊提高5.57和5.3个百分点;产肉性能明显优于小尾寒羊;增收97.86元和87.78元;GP值13.11mm和12.97mm,按新西兰羊肉分级标准,属于中等水平.     

杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交肥羔肉质特性的研究

选在相同条件下饲养的杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交一代及小尾寒羊(公羔、5~6月龄、体重46~48.5kg)共16只,每个处理4只。经屠宰取背最长肌和股二头肌各半制备样品,测定肌肉中化学成分、氨基酸、矿物质和微量元素含量。结果表明:粗蛋白质含量,萨寒F120.8%,陶寒F120.5%,杜寒F120.1%,均高于小尾寒羊(19.6%)。每百克肉中17种氨基酸总量也分别高于小尾寒羊,依次为萨寒F1(20.09g),陶寒F1(19.78g);杜寒F1(19.13g);小尾寒羊(18.42g)。人体营养所需要的必需氨基酸总量分别比小尾寒羊提高8.86%;8.54%和2.16%,其中组氨酸的含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);杜寒F1和陶寒F1的蛋氨酸含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05)。与风味(鲜味)有直接关系的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量也分别比小尾寒羊高。萨寒F1和陶寒F1粗脂肪含量高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05)。杂交肥羔钙极显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01),铁、锰、硒含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);而小尾寒羊肥羔肉含锌量(34mg)高于杂交羊;有毒有害元素均未检出。说明肉羊生产的生态环境和饲料条件均能达到绿色食品和有机食品的要求。利用杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特绵羊杂交小尾寒羊,杂交羊不仅肉的营养价值得到了提高,而且肉的风味也得到了较大改善。综合评定杂交肥羔肉的营养价值和肉质品质均优于小尾寒羊。     

杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交肥羔肉质特性的研究

选在相同条件下饲养的杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交一代及小尾寒羊(公羔、5~6月龄、体重46~48.5kg)共16只,每个处理4只。经屠宰取背最长肌和股二头肌各半制备样品,测定肌肉中化学成分、氨基酸、矿物质和微量元素含量。结果表明:粗蛋白质含量,萨寒F120.8%,陶寒F120.5%,杜寒F120.1%,均高于小尾寒羊(19.6%)。每百克肉中17种氨基酸总量也分别高于小尾寒羊,依次为萨寒F1(20.09g),陶寒F1(19.78g);杜寒F1(19.13g);小尾寒羊(18.42g)。人体营养所需要的必需氨基酸总量分别比小尾寒羊提高8.86%;8.54%和2.16%,其中组氨酸的含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);杜寒F1和陶寒F1的蛋氨酸含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05)。与风味(鲜味)有直接关系的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量也分别比小尾寒羊高。萨寒F1和陶寒F1粗脂肪含量高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05)。杂交肥羔钙极显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01),铁、锰、硒含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);而小尾寒羊肥羔肉含锌量(34mg)高于杂交羊;有毒有害元素均未检出,综合评定杂交肥羔肉的营养价值和肉质品质均优于小尾寒羊。     

陶赛特、萨福克与小尾寒羊杂交产肉性能的改良效果

以萨福克羊、陶赛特羊为父本与小尾寒羊进行杂交,在同等饲养管理条件下,其萨寒F1、陶寒F1与小尾寒羊间在90 d育肥期内日增重差异极显著(P0.01);6月龄胴体重差异显著(P0.05),6月龄屠宰率差异显著(P0.05),萨寒F1与陶寒F1间差异都不显著(P0.05)。实验表明:萨寒F1、陶寒F1生长速度快、产肉性能高的优点已在其杂交后代身上体现出来,杂种优势显著。     

杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交肥羔肉质特性的研究

选在相同条件下饲养的杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交一代及小尾寒羊(公羔、5～6月龄、体重46～48.5kg)共16只,每个处理4只.经屠宰取背最长肌和股二头肌各半制备样品,测定肌肉中化学成分、氨基酸、矿物质和微量元素含量.结果表明:粗蛋白质含量,萨寒F120.8%,陶寒F120.5%,杜寒F120.1%,均高于小尾寒羊(19.6%).每百克肉中17种氨基酸总量也分别高于小尾寒羊,依次为萨寒F1(20.09g),陶寒F1(19.78g);杜寒F1(19.13g);小尾寒羊(18.42g).人体营养所需要的必需氨基酸总量分别比小尾寒羊提高8.86%;8.54%和2.16%,其中组氨酸的含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05);杜寒F1和陶寒F1的蛋氨酸含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05).与风味(鲜味)有直接关系的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量也分别比小尾寒羊高.萨寒F1和陶寒F1粗脂肪含量高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05).杂交肥羔钙极显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.01),铁、锰、硒含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05);而小尾寒羊肥羔肉含锌量(34mg)高于杂交羊;有毒有害元素均未检出.说明肉羊生产的生态环境和饲料条件均能达到绿色食品和有机食品的要求.利用杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特绵羊杂交小尾寒羊,杂交羊不仅肉的营养价值得到了提高,而且肉的风味也得到了较大改善.综合评定杂交肥羔肉的营养价值和肉质品质均优于小尾寒羊.     

日粮营养水平和品种对羔羊育肥效果的影响

试验以小尾寒羊为母本,以夏洛莱羊、无角陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊为父本,研究了夏洛莱羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)、无角陶赛特羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)和小尾寒羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)3个组合的F1饲喂不同蛋白水平饲粮后75日龄时羔羊的体重。结果表明:3个组合中,F1体型外貌均与其父本相似;饲喂高蛋白水平饲料的羔羊75日龄体重极显著高于饲喂低蛋白水平饲料的羔羊75日龄体重(P<0.01);夏寒杂交羊和陶寒杂交羊的75日龄体重均极显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01),夏寒杂交羊的75日龄体重极显著高于陶寒杂交羊(P<0.01)。品种和饲料对75日龄体重也有交互作用(P<0.05)。     

陶寒与边寒杂交一代羔羊育肥试验

对无角陶赛特♂×小尾寒羊♀(陶寒F1)和边区莱斯特♂×小尾寒羊♀(边寒F1)杂交一代羔羊与纯种小尾寒羊羔羊进行育肥性能对比试验,结果表明:在60 d育肥期内,陶寒F1羔羊和边寒F1羔羊日增重较小尾寒羊提高54.49 g和43.81 g(P<0.01);陶寒F1和边寒F1 6月龄羔羊胴体重分别比小尾寒羊提高2.95 kg和2.17 kg(P<0.05);陶寒F1和边寒F1 6月龄屠宰率分别比小尾寒羊提高4.02%和3.53%(P<0.05);陶寒F1和边寒F1的骨肉比与小尾寒羊的骨肉比相比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

杜泊羊、萨福克羊、无角陶塞特羊与小尾寒羊杂交肥羔羊肉质特性的研究

选在相同条件下饲养的小尾寒羊及杜泊羊、萨福克羊、无角陶塞特羊与小尾寒羊杂交一代和杜寒二代(公羔、5～6月龄、体重46～48.5 kg)羊共20只,每个处理4只.经屠宰取背最长肌和股二头肌各半制备样品,测定肌肉中化学成分、氨基酸、矿物质和微量元素含量.结果表明粗蛋白质含量,萨寒F120.8 %; 陶寒F120.5%; 杜寒F220.3 %;杜寒F120.1 %,均高于小尾寒羊(19.6%).每百克肉中17种氨基酸总量也分别高于小尾寒羊,依次为萨寒F1 (20.09 g),陶寒F1(19.78 g);杜寒F2(19.38 g);杜寒F1(19.13 g);小尾寒羊(18.42 g).人体营养所需要的必需氨基酸总量分别比小尾寒羊提高8.86 %;8.54 %;8.11 %和2.16%,其中组氨酸的含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05);杜寒F1、杜寒F2和陶寒F1的蛋氨酸含量也显著比小尾寒羊高(P＜0.05).与风味(鲜味)有直接关系的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量也分别比小尾寒羊高.萨寒F1和陶寒F1粗脂肪含量高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05).杂交肥羔钙含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.01),铁、锰、硒也高于小尾寒羊(P＜0.05),而小尾寒羊肥羔肉含锌量(34 mg)高于杂交羊;有毒有害元素均未检出.说明肉羊生产的生态环境和饲料条件均能达到绿色食品和有机食品的要求.利用杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特绵羊杂交小尾寒羊,杂交羊不仅肉的营养价值得到了提高,而且肉的风味也得到了较大改善.综合评定杂交肥羔肉的营养价值和肉质品质均优于小尾寒羊.     

萨寒F1、陶寒F1公羔育肥屠宰试验和经济效益比较

对萨寒F1、陶寒F1公羔和本地蒙古羊公羔进行了育肥对比试验和屠宰试验。结果表明,在90 d育肥期内,萨寒F1公羔日增重(211.33±5.45 g/d)、陶寒F1公羔日增重(206.56±4.34 g/d)分别比本地蒙古羊公羔日增重(172.11±3.7 g/d)提高了39.22 g/d和34.45 g/d;萨寒F1和陶寒F1公羔6月龄胴体重分别比本地蒙古羊公羔提高4.37和4.41 kg,萨寒F1、陶寒F1与本地蒙古羊公羔日增重之间、胴体重之间差异极显著(P<0.01),(P>0.05)。用小尾寒羊母羊繁育肉杂羔,萨寒F1、陶寒F1每年比本地蒙古羊分别为农户多产生毛收入1 787.25、1 793.25元/年。在暖棚舍饲条件下,冬季杂交羔羊的日增重和屠宰率均能达到较为理想的效果。     

陶寒F1与小尾寒羊生长性能观察对比

采用随机抽样方法 ,对规模养殖场不同月龄陶寒F1和小尾寒羊羔羊进行生长性能测定。结果表明 :在暖棚式舍饲条件下 ,陶寒F1初生重、断奶 (3月龄 )重、6月龄体重和屠宰率平均为 3 .93kg± 0 .78kg、2 0 .96kg± 3 .14kg、3 7.3 1kg±3 5 9kg、5 0 .11%± 2 .47%,分别比小尾寒羊提高 0 .3 8kg、2 .87kg、5 .2 4kg和 4.15个百分点 ,杂交优势明显 ;经过经济效益分析 ,每出栏 1只 6月龄羔羊 ,陶寒F1获利 88.2 8元 ,小尾寒羊获利 3 2 .64元。     

Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. OBJECTIVES: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. METHODS: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995-2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.     

Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis

The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26.7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49.2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.     

Treatment with gabapentin of 11 dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy

Eleven dogs diagnosed with refractory idiopathic epilepsy were treated orally with gabapentin for a minimum of three months at an initial dose of 10 mg/kg every eight hours. They were all experiencing episodes of generalised tonic-clonic seizures and had been treated chronically with a combination of phenobarbital and potassium bromide at doses sufficient to reach acceptable therapeutic serum levels without causing significant side effects. In each dog, the number of seizures per week, the average duration of the seizures and the number of days on which seizures occurred were compared for the three months before and after they were treated with gabapentin. A minimum 50 per cent reduction in the number of seizures per week was interpreted as a positive response to gabapentin, and six of the dogs showed a positive response. After the addition of gabapentin, both the number of seizures per week (P= 0.005) and the number of days with any seizures in a one-week period (P=0.03) were significantly reduced. Mild side effects of ataxia and sedation were observed in five of the dogs, but they were not severe enough to warrant the treatment being discontinued during the trial.     

Treatment of bitches with acquired urinary incontinence with oestriol.

Oestriol, a naturally occurring short-acting oestrogen, was used to treat acquired urinary incontinence in 129 bitches selected by 48 veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Germany. The dogs were treated daily for 42 days with oestriol tablets, using a self-controlled study design. The dogs were examined and blood sampled at the beginning and end of the trial. According to the veterinary practitioners 83 per cent of the dogs either became continent or improved, but the others showed no change or became worse. The owners reported similar results: 82 per cent of the dogs responded to treatment and the others did not. The dose and treatment schedule for each dog were established on the basis of clinical efficacy. Mild and transient oestrogenic effects such as swelling of the vulva and attractiveness to male dogs were observed soon after the treatment began and at the higher dose schedule used in 12 of the dogs. A haematological examination of 114 of the dogs revealed no abnormalities.     

犬肠炎型细小病毒病并发肠道线虫病的诊疗

犬肠炎型细小病毒病,是犬类第二烈性传染病,以剧烈呕吐和出血性腹泻为特征。近年来,给养犬业造成了严重的危害。2010年7月20日,一只两月龄黑色小藏犬来就诊,根据病史调查、临床症状和实验室检查确诊为犬肠炎型细小病毒病,同时并发肠道线虫病。采取了中和病毒、抗茵消炎、驱除寄生虫、止吐、止泻和止血等综合治疗方案,获得了良好的治疗效果。     

Anesthesia of growing pigs with tiletamine-zolazepam and reversal with flumazenil

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine/zolazepam and the effect of flumazenil on the recovery from tiletamine/zolazepam anesthesia in the pig. Six Landrace and Yorkshire cross-bred pigs (three females and three males, 3-4 months old) weighing 35.8 ± 1.7 kg were used in this study. Pigs were given tiletamine/zolazepam intramuscularly at a dose of 4.4 mg kg(-1) (2.2 mg kg(-1) tiletamine and 2.2 mg kg(-1) zolazepam) of body weight. Twenty minutes after the administration of tiletamine/zolazem, the pigs were given saline solution (control, Group TZ) or given flumazenil intravenously at a dose of 0.08 mg kg(-1) of body weight (Group TZF). Anesthesia and recovery times, scores of anesthetic effects and cardiorespiratory variables were recorded for each pig. There was a significant difference between the duration of tiletamine/zolazepam anesthesia with and without the antagonist. Flumazenil significantly shortened the recovery time. A significant difference in blood gas variables was observed between the two groups. The anesthetic effects induced by tiletamine/zolazepam could be reversed successfully and safely by flumazenil alone. Therefore, flumazenil administration could be considered in cases in which quick recovery is required in pigs.     

兔脑炎原虫病患兔血清中IgG的测定

以临床症状和病理学变化确诊为兔脑炎原虫感染的家兔为研究对象 ,经间接 EL ISA法对其机体体液免疫状况进行研究 ,并与健康家兔进行比较 ,结果表明兔脑炎原虫病兔外周血 Ig G含量明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5)。提示兔脑炎原虫入侵兔体后 ,病兔体液免疫功能有所增强。