2000年广东养禽业发展趋势

１９９９年广东省家禽生产获得了第２１个增产年,全省家禽饲养量已超１０亿只,相当于１９７８的１４倍多;禽肉 １０３万吨,比 １９９８年增产５％;禽蛋２９万吨,与９８年持平;禽肉人均占有量１４．５ ｋｇ,高于全国人均水平。禽业生产的走势仍应是稳定数量,提高质量,依靠科学技术,推动实现以提高产品品质为中心的结构升级,力争产量增加 ３％～４％。 所饲养的家禽品种除传统的鸡、鸭、鹅外,肉鸽、鹤鸦、山鸡、鹧鸪、珍珠鸡、野鸭、黑凤鸡等特禽生产发展较快。白鸡的饲养量越来越少,１９９９年统计只占５％以下,而新型的优质…     

2000年湖北省畜牧业发展目标

２０００年湖北省畜牧业发展目标：出栏生猪２７００万头,年增长４％;出栏肉牛１１０万头,年增长１０．０％;出栏肉羊２３０万只,年增长２１．０％;出笼肉禽３１０００万只,年增长６．０％;禽蛋产量达到１１０吨,年增长５．０％;肉类产量达到２８０万吨,年增长６．０％;肉类结构调整到猪肉与牛、羊、禽肉的比例为７５：２５。（本刊摘）2000年湖北省畜牧业发展目标     

欧盟禽肉生产预测

据欧洲肉品和家畜委员会报道：欧盟国家禽肉生产前景较为乐观、预计产量将在１９９９ 年的８８０万吨的水平基础上增长１４％,到２００６年将达到１０００万吨;年人均消费量预计将上升至２４．３公斤;预计出口量也将有少许增长,从９７． ２万吨增至１０７万吨。这些现象表明欧盟家禽产量有所提高,国际贸易有所增长。此外,预计进口量也将从 ３０． ５万吨增至３３万吨（主要进口国为泰国）。欧盟禽肉生产预测     

1999年广东家禽生产展望

家禽生产在广东的畜牧业中占有重要的位置，禽肉占肉类的比重越来越大，至今已达３４．１％，全省人均占有禽肉１４公斤。养禽业已成为广东农业现代化建设中最有活力的产业之一。１９９８年回顾１９９８年家禽业生产继续增产，据农业普查数预计，产禽肉９８．１１万吨，增...     

世界肉鸡业形势展望

禽肉尤其是肉用仔鸡肉一直在肉类中增长速度很快，一九九七年全世界肉类总产量达 ２． ２７亿吨，其中猪肉占 ４０． ２％，比上年增长１．７％；牛肉占 ２５．３％，比上年减少 １％；羊肉占５．１％，比上年增长３．６％；禽肉占２７．６％，比上年增长７．２％，在各种畜、禽肉中禽肉增长占第一位。 我国一九九七年禽肉总产量达１１８６．３万吨，稍逊于美国１５２９万吨，占世界第二位，美国禽肉主要是肉用仔鸡肉，其次是大鸡肉，人均达到４０千克，我国禽肉除肉用仔鸡外，还包括淘汰蛋鸡、鸭鹅和其它珍禽肉。预计２０００年全世界禽肉…     

我国禽肉产销与WTO

我国是仅次于美国的世界第二禽肉生产大国,１９９９年我国禽肉总产量约１１５０万吨,出口仅４０万吨,占总产量的３．５％,如加上近１０万吨禽肉加工制品,占总产量４．３％。而１９９９年,我国实际进口禽肉高达１００多万吨,成为世界第二大禽肉进口国,为鸡肉净进口国。同年,美国的禽肉产量为１５００多万吨,净出口 ２５０万吨,占总产量的１６％。 禽肉产销基本情况 １９９９年我国禽肉人均占有量为９公斤,占我国人民肉类消费总量的２０％。１９９８年世界平均为２７．９％,发展中国家为 ２６．６％,美国高达 ４２． ３％,显然…     

1999年部分省市养鸡概况

广东:３季度出栏５．０２８４亿只,禽肉产量７６．２９万吨,禽蛋产量２０．２９万吨,与去年同期比较分别为-７．８%,-６．１%,-６．１%,禽产品价格回升。厦门:３季度家禽存栏０．０３３亿只,与去年同比增７．４%,出栏０．０１８亿只,与去年同比降１．１%。１～３季度出栏０．０５２亿只,与去年同比增８．１%,禽肉产量０．５２万吨。与去年同比增８．１%,禽蛋产量１．２１万吨,与去年同比降３．２%,蛋禽饲养量比去年下降。甘肃:３季度出栏０．６６７２亿只,与去年同比增５．７%。蛋价上涨,鸡肉价平稳。湖北:１～３季度出栏肉禽２．３２亿只,…     

世界肉类形势

１肉类产量增加１９９６年世界肉类总产量２．１７亿吨,其中中国肉类产量５９１５万吨,占世界２７％,居首位。预计１９９７年世界肉类总产量２．２７亿吨（比上年＋４．５％）;１９９７年世界肉类产量结构是：猪肉占４０％,禽肉占２７．６％,牛肉占２５．３％,羊肉...     

1999广东家禽生产展望

家禽生产在广东的畜牧业中占有重要的位置,禽肉占肉类的比重越来越大,至今已达34.1%,全省人均占有禽肉14公斤.养禽业已成为广东农业现代化建设中最有活力的产业之一. 1998年回顾 1998年家禽业生产继续增产,据农业普查数预计,产禽肉98.11万吨,增3%;禽蛋28.25万吨,增产2%.是连续第20个增产年,产品供过于求明显,并出现如下情况:     

世纪之交全球禽,蛋业回顾与展望

根据现已掌握的数字,１９９９年世界禽肉产量超过了６２００万吨,由于一些国家的数字尚未出来,如果加上这部分,预计１９９９年全世界禽肉产量将达６３００万吨,比１９９８年的６０７０万吨增加２３０万吨,增长４％。１９９５年－１９９９年,全世界禽肉产量增加了９２０万吨。鸡肉产量（肉鸡及淘汰蛋鸡）占禽肉总量的８５％以上,这样算来,１９９９年世界鸡肉产量将接近５４００万吨,而５年前还不足４６００万吨（见表１）,增长１７．５％,净增８００万吨。纵观１９９５—１９９９年,鸡肉产量增长最快的地区是南美洲,其增长率高…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。