Ecological control of forest pest： a new strategy for forest pest control

In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development history, summarized the concept and principles of ECFP, discussed the technology and methods of ECFP, and evaluated the ECFP and its application conditions.     

森林有害生物的生态控制技术与措施

从森林生物灾害与森林生态系统功能的关系、森林病虫害防治历史、社会对森林病虫害防治策略的需求出发，论述了森林有害生物控制的新策略一生态控制，定义了森林有害生物生态控制，分析了森林有害生物生态控制的理论基础和特点，对森林有害生物生态控制技术及其措施进行了讨论，包括森林有害生物生态控制技术途径——森林生态系统分析与设计，森林生态系统建立，森林生态系统维护(监测、风险分析、预测、决策、维护方案的编制与实施)，森林生态系统更新与重建；生态控制措施一立地调控措施，林分经营管理措施，寄主抗性利用和开发措施，生物控制措施(生物(源)农药、生物肥料、天敌利用包括病原微生物和天敌昆虫)，信息素控制措施，应急调控措施(以环境协调性农药控制为主，兼用低毒高效化学农药)等。最后对森林有害生物生态控制及其适用条件进行了评价，认为森林有害生物生态控制是未来森林有害生物控制的主要方向，具有广阔前景。     

蜘蛛在森林害虫控制中的作用及其保护

本文介绍了利用蜘蛛控制森林害虫的诸多优点，提出了保护蜘蛛的有效措施。     

有害生物综合管理理论的发展及其展望

有害生物综合管理(IPM)自20世纪70年代被人们广泛接受以后得到了迅速的发展，文章对IPM的发展历史进行了简要的回顾，并对其近年来的进展进行了简述。     

冀北山地鼠害综合防治技术研究

针对冀北山地的森林鼠害发生规律及防治措施进行了研究,通过铗捕法和洞口统计法进行鼠害种类及密度的调查;通过踏查确定主要危害树种;采用化学、物理、营林、生物药剂、天敌等5种方法进行了防治效果对比分析。结果表明,该区域威胁森林资源安全的主要鼠害为棕背鼲,油松是其主要为害树种;7月、8月是其为害高峰期,也是防治的关键期;物理防治(树干套管)和营林措施(割灌除草)防治效果最好,分别达到83%和89%,并且具有可操作性,适合大面积推广;天敌防治见效周期较长,是解决森林鼠害的治本之道,但短期效果不太明显,生物药剂防治效果不佳。     

湘潭市油茶病虫害防治现状及策略

通过调查湘潭市油茶资源分布及其经营情况,总结了当前油茶病虫害防治的主要技术措施,对今后油茶病虫害防治提出了建议,旨在提高湘潭市油茶病虫害防治技术水平.     

栎窄吉丁虫害防控对策及技术措施的研究

针对栎窄吉丁害虫生活史和生物学特性中的薄弱环节,确定栎窄吉丁虫害防控对策及主要技术措施为:加强虫情监测调查,为防控工作提供依据;增加林分内的生物多样性,保护和招引生物天敌,促进森林生态平衡;对虫害木实施卫生伐除,并严格实施检疫及除害处理措施;采取初孵幼虫期树干打孔注药、成虫期化学药剂飞机防治等措施实施综合防治,有效控制...     

Causes of outbreak of the larch caterpillar (Dendrolimus superans Butler) in Daxingan Mountain and its control strategy

In 1991, in Daxingan Mountain, an outbreak of larch caterpillar (Dendrolimus superans Butler) happened on large areas of more than one million hectares, where stands of larch were seriously damaged because needles on the trees were almost eaten up by the pest, causing enormous economic losses. Analysis of data collected indicated that the main cause of the outbreak of larch caterpillar on large areas was that, after thirty years of exploitation, mature and overmature forests decreased rapidly, middle-aged and young forests incresed in large amount, significant changes occurred in individual ecological conditions of stands, especially those tended, with decreasing canopy density and better light condition in the forest, and all these were adventageous to the outbreak of the pest. In addition, in recent years, the climatic condition in Daxingan Mountain changed significantly. The yearly average temperature raised gradually and the soil surface temperature in April and October increased year by year, which were advantageous to the outbreak of larch caterpillars. In short, the significant changes in the ecological conditions in Daxingan Mountain provided suitable conditions for the outbreak of the larch caberpillar, and after several years of increase in population number, the larch caterpillar outbroke into a serious disaster on vast areas. In the paper, composite control strategy was also discussed.     

佳多频振式杀虫灯在森林害虫预报、防治中的应用

该文应用佳多频振式杀虫灯进行森林害虫的预测预报和防治试验，结果表明对许多森林害虫都有诱集作用，试验中共诱集到约30种森林，完全可以用于森林害虫的监测。在利用佳多频振式杀虫灯进行松毛虫的防治试验中取得了平均80％以上的防治效果，说明该灯可以用于防治。与化学防治及利用白炽灯、性诱剂进行测报对比，该种杀虫灯的防治、测报成本远远低于前者。     

Changes in soil P chemistry as affected by conversion of natural secondary forests to larch plantations

To assess the impact of conversion of native forests to monocultural larch plantations on soil chemical properties, we compared the total and various fractions of soil phosphorus (P) and acid phosphatase activity (APA) between natural secondary forests (NSF) and Larix olgensis plantations (LOP) on a montane forest site in eastern Liaoning Province, Northeast China. We found that the concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic P, and iron-bound P (Fe-P) were significantly higher, and the concentrations of microbial biomass P (MBP), sodium bicarbonate-extractable organic P (NaHCO₃-Po), and APA were significantly lower, in the LOP stands than in the NSF stands; whilst organic P, sodium bicarbonate-extractable inorganic P (NaHCO₃-Pi), aluminum-bound P (Al-P) and calcium-bound P (Ca-P) were comparable between the two forest types. Our study also showed that the ratios of MBP/TP, NaHCO₃-Pi/TP, NaHCO₃-Po/TP, and APA significantly varied with time during the growing season. Moreover, the concentrations of NaHCO₃-Pi, NaHCO₃-Po, and MBP had significant (P < 0.01) and positive linear relationships with APA. Overall, results from this study suggest that conversion of native forests to larch plantations in the region is more likely to cause compositional change in soil P than to result in reduction in overall P availability.     

日本落叶松人工林直径分布规律的研究

通过对20块标准地的调查,按立地指数将其分为好、中、差三类,分别按标准地和不同立地统计其径阶株数,分别用选中的两个分布,正态分布与weibull分布进行参数的拟合检验。检验结果表明:按标准地分析90%的服从正态分布,95%的服从weibull分布;按立地分析,立地质量好的两个分布均服从,差的均不服从,中等的仅服从weibull分布。     

绥宁县楠竹虫害发生危害现状及防治对策

通过对绥宁县楠竹虫害的持续调查与分析,并对发生状况作了简要阐述,总结出了相应的防治对策与措施,以期对防治楠竹虫害有理论与现实的指导意义。结果表明:绥宁县楠竹虫害主要有黄脊竹蝗、竹异缕舟蛾、灰顶竹毒蛾、竹长尾小蜂、竹笋禾夜蛾五种,其中黄脊竹蝗、竹异缕舟蛾、灰顶竹毒蛾危害严重,竹长尾小蜂、竹笋禾夜蛾存在潜在危害;需要政府加大扶持力度和建立科学的防治体系。     

子午岭林区林虫发生特点与防治对策

根据子午岭林区林虫区系组成和区划特征，结合主要树种害虫危害特点，提出了预防和除治子午岭林区森林害虫的3项措施。     

EFFECTIVENESS COMPARISON OF BIOCONTROL AGENTS TO CONTROL FOREST PESTS

METHODSTheexPCrimentswerecarriedoutinHe-long,AntuandPanshicountiesofJilinprox'-incefroml978tol988.SinglebiocontrolagentsandtheirmixtUresweresprayedbyaircraftonthetestfiledtocontrol(,cruramcnciana,andthemortalitr'wasobserved.ThcNPVfrom5?ilPnotiasahcI\`withthesameconcentrationwasusedtoinfectthedifTerentinstarlarvaeofA1salici3inlaboratory,themorta1ib'wasobscrveddaily.TheSmallanimalswerefeededby'usingfoddcrmixedbytheNPVfrom3:salicis-andthePOisoncharacterofthcNPVwasobserved.RESULTSEf…     

通道绿化林主要害虫及防治技术研究

对余姚市通道绿化林害虫的调查研究结果显示,重要绿化林带上的害虫共有318种,隶属于5目62科240属,其中有6种主要害虫：杨扇舟蛾、茶袋蛾、山东广翅蜡蝉、矩瘤蛎蚧、樟白轮盾蚧、红蜡蚧。防治强化预测预报集营林技术、生物与化学药剂的综合治理措施,能有效抑制通道绿化林虫害的发生。     

基于因子分析和聚类分析的林业有害生物防控综合评价

在科学构建林业有害生物防控综合评价指标体系基础上,运用因子分析和聚类分析法,对31个省进行林业有害生物防控综合评价和分析。结果表明:上海综合水平最高,广西综合水平最低。林业有害生物防控综合水平存在地区不平衡的问题,东部地区较高,中部地区一般,东北和西部地区较低。防治力弱和林业有害生物危害程度高是综合评价生物防控综合水平较低省份的共性问题。     

湖南省油茶害虫名录与区系及主要害虫地理分布

采用历史标本整理、各市县普查和定点实地调查相结合的方法对湖南省油茶害虫进行统计,编制油茶害虫名录。结果表明:初步记录到湖南省油茶害虫172种,隶属于8目53科,以昆虫纲鳞翅目、鞘翅目和同翅目昆虫种类较多;发现油茶新记录害虫12种,湖南省新记录昆虫5种;湖南省油茶害虫区系成分以东洋成分为主。同时利用地理统计软件就主要害虫——茶籽象甲和茶角胸叶甲在该省的分布情况进行了统计。     

洞口县林业有害生物防治社会化经营模式的思考

阐述了洞口县林业有害生物社会化服务的发展历程,总结了发展过程中所取得的成效,指出了发展过程中所面临的困难和问题,并对今后的发展提出了建设性的意见。     

浅议美国白蛾的入侵途径及综合防治措施

美国白蛾是世界性检疫对象,也是我国唯——种被农业、林业共同列为检疫对象的害虫,近年来美国白蛾在山东乃至全国许多地区暴发成灾,文章分析了美国白蛾的入侵途径及综合防治措施,并从政府领导、公众参与、科学研究、立法防治等方面探讨了美国白蛾的综合防控对策。       

佳多频振式杀虫灯在花圃害虫防治中的应用

文中介绍了佳多频振式杀虫灯在花圃害虫防治中诱虫种类多、数量大,特别是对于金龟龟子、白粉虱、美洲斑潜蝇等很难用化学方法防治的害虫效果显著,且耗电量小、投资少、无污染,是防治花圃害虫理想措施.