银杏绿枝嫁接试验初报

银杏绿枝嫁接易操作，工效高，接口愈合快，接痕不明显，成活率高达９４％以上，当年发枝率１００％，生长量，树形的养成与春季硬枝嫁接相近，文内具体介绍了绿枝嫁接技术。     

鲜食葡萄嫁接换种试验研究

本文对葡萄就地嫁接换种技术中的主要问题进行了研究，结果表明，康拜尔早，白香蕉，北醇是葡萄嫁接的优良砧，硬枝嫩枝嫁接对成活率影响不大，硬枝嫁接最佳时期为落叶后半个月，而嫩枝嫁接最佳时期为５月上，中旬，接后管理是提高成活率的重要环节。     

花椒春夏高接换优技术试验

针对花椒春季硬枝嫁接时间较短的现状,在花椒春季硬枝嫁接的基础上开展了嫩枝高接换优试验,有效地解决了硬枝嫁接接穗不能长时间贮藏的问题.通过春夏2个季节嫁接改进了花椒嫁接技术,延长了嫁接时间,花椒嫁接后减少了花椒皮刺,减少了采摘成本.     

长叶刺槐嫁接苗培育技术研究

长叶刺槐是河南省林业科学研究院选育的刺槐优良新品种。采用硬枝嫁接、芽接2种不同方法，进行长叶刺槐嫁接试验表明．硬枝劈接法嫁接成活率可达到95．9％，芽接成活率可达到93．2％。当年苗高254cm，地径2．78cm。     

枣树绿(嫩)枝嫁接技术

春季硬枝嫁接枣树时间性强,而采用绿（嫩）枝嫁接,嫁接时间长,成活率高,笔者从2003年开始在永年县永合会镇冀窑村西山苗圃采用绿（嫩）枝嫁接技术嫁接枣树,取得了较好的经济和社会效益。     

葡萄“硬枝嫁接,火炕催根”技术

发展葡萄生产是北方农牧民增加收入、改善生活的有效途经。嫁接是葡萄品种更新换代和提高抗寒能力的有效方法。采用适应性强且结实量高、品质优的葡萄品种硬枝做接穗，用贝达或山葡萄硬枝做砧木进行嫁接，用木锯末做基质，在农村的火炕上对嫁接苗进行催根。此种葡萄育苗方法简单易行，我们称之为葡萄“硬枝嫁接，火炕催根”技术。     

凹接法的新应用

<正> 笔者从1961年左右开始着手于板栗樱蜂被害树的高接更新工作,研究了比原来的方法(切接)更好、更理想的凹接法。这里介绍该方法: 一、凹接法的特点历来的嫁接法一般使用完熟枝(1年生枝),嫁接时期就局限在春天。而凹接法不仅是完熟枝,就是半熟枝、绿老枝、老老枝等均可以用做嫁接使用。在树液流动期(春、夏、秋)都可嫁接。不同的树种、不同的接穗最佳嫁接期不同:使用完熟枝或老老枝作接穗时嫁接期以4月上旬到5月中旬最为适宜;使用绿老枝时从4月下旬到6月下旬最为适宜;使用半熟枝时则以8—9月效果最好。     

垂枝海棠的嫁接及养护管理技术

探索适宜垂枝海棠的嫁接方法和养护管理技术,以获得大规格高干垂枝海棠新优苗木。从嫁接时间、接穗的采集与处理、砧木的选择、嫁接方法以及嫁接后抹萌蘖、接穗新梢加固处理、肥水管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治等方面对垂枝海棠嫁接及养护管理技术进行了论述。     

幼龄实生核桃树的改造技术

通过对4年生、6年生实生核桃树不同嫁接时间、嫁接方法、嫁接部位试验，总结出幼龄实生核桃树的改良技术，即4年生以下的实生核桃树，应主要采用新梢芽接或多年生枝芽接改良，芽接为方块芽嫁接，时间可在5月20日到6月20日进行；4年生～6年生的实生树，可在多年生枝上芽接改良，芽接也为方块芽接法，时间是6月5日到6月20日。     

琯溪蜜柚大树高接三红蜜柚技术试验

为探索琯溪蜜柚大树高接三红蜜柚技术,开展了不同嫁接时间、不同嫁接方法及是否留辅助枝嫁接试验。结果表明,采用双层嫁接方法,在山区果园冬接、平原地区果园秋接,留辅助枝3~5枝有利于水分蒸腾,以防止砧木皮裂与烂根;适时剪除辅助枝,并及时做好嫁接后新梢管理工作,可使嫁接成活率达96%以上,树冠形成快,接后第3年投产,具有较好经济效益。     

拉枝刻芽对苹果幼树1年生枝条萌芽和内源激素含量的影响

以3a生烟富3苹果为试材,研究了拉枝刻芽处理对苹果幼树1a生枝条萌芽率和叶片4种内源激素(IAA、GA_3、ZT、ABA)含量的影响。结果表明,刻芽处理的枝条萌芽率是未刻芽处理的1.34倍,平拉枝条的萌芽率最高,显著高于下拉枝和直立枝;下拉枝的赤霉素(GA_3)、生长素(IAA)和玉米素(ZT)含量均最高,显著高于直立枝,而脱落酸(ABA)含量以直立枝最高,下拉枝最低;GA_3/ABA、ZT/ABA、(GA_3+IAA)/ABA、(GA_3+ZT)/ABA均以下拉枝最大,直立枝最低;直立枝中,GA_3和ABA含量在下部最高,IAA和ZT含量在上部最高;平拉枝中,GA_3、IAA和ABA含量均以上部最高,ZT含量在中部最高;下拉枝中,GA_3含量在中部最高,IAA和ABA含量在上部最高,ZT含量在上部和中部无显著差异,两者显著高于下部。     

叶面施肥对红豆杉枝叶生长和枝叶中产物累积的影响

以 5 a 生同一无性系红豆杉 Taxus chinensis 原料林作为研究对象,在常规根系施肥的基础上,以提高红豆杉枝叶生物量为目的,开展叶面施肥试验,研究施用叶面肥种类及频数对红豆杉原料林枝叶生长和枝叶中产物累积的影响。结果表明：不同叶面肥处理对红豆杉枝条生长均具有促进作用。方差分析表明不同叶面肥处理的红豆杉分枝数量和枝条总长度具有显著差异,各处理对分枝数量和枝条总长度的促进作用大小依序均为：A2>A3>B3>A1>CK。相关性分析表明枝条总长度与主枝长度、分枝数量均具有极显著的线性正相关关系,增加主枝长度和增加分枝数量均能增加枝条总长度,即提高红豆杉枝叶产量。含量检测结果显示开展叶面施肥处理不会对红豆杉 10-DAB Ⅲ、紫杉醇量产生显著影响。     

二次结实板栗产量形成与其枝生长发育理化特性的相关性分析

应用逐步回归和方差分析方法，对二次结实板栗产量形成与其枝生长发育理化特性的相关性作了分析，表明结果枝数量，雌花数量和枝条磷含量与结果母枝度呈正相关，而结果母枝粗度与氮含量成负相关，结果母枝磷含量除与氮含量呈负相关外，与结果枝数量及形成的雌花数量则呈正相关，同时就二次结实板栗二次生长发育，结实的相关性进行了分析，证实其二次生长结实关系为负相关，即二次结实板栗不仅在二次生长上存在相互制约的负相关，而且在着花结实上也存在相互制约的负相关 。     

Mechanical and ecophysiological significance of the form of a young Acer rufinerve tree: vertical gradient in branch mechanical properties

Most tree biomechanics models assume uniformity of mechanical properties within a tree, and only a few studies have focused on differences in mechanical status among branches. We examined mechanical properties of 49 branches of two 10-year-old trees of Acer rufinerve Sieb. et Zucc. For each branch, bending moment due to its own fresh mass, elastic modulus, section modulus and flexural stiffness were obtained. Elastic modulus of the branch was correlated with the density and thickness of the fiber cell wall and decreased with crown depth, indicating that branches at lower positions were more elastic than branches at upper positions. Compared to lower branches, upper branches were less inclined, possessed thicker growth rings, more long shoots and were subject to smaller stresses. The leaf arrangement in the upper branches might be effective in transmitting more light to the lower branches. In contrast, the lower branches were more inclined toward the horizontal and subject to greater stresses than the upper branches. Lower branch inclinations were attributed to smaller dry matter investment in diameter growth. Upper and lower branch inclinations were slightly greater and smaller, respectively, than those predicted by beam theory. The alleviation in inclination of the lower branches is probably caused by negative gravitropic responses such as tension wood formation or upward shoot elongation, or both. The horizontal display of leaves in the lower branches would be effective in light interception. The reduction in cost of the lower branches can be adaptive because they have a shorter life expectancy than the upper branches. The results showed that an adaptive tree form is realized by a vertical gradient in branch mechanical properties.     

Light availability and photosynthesis of Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings grown in the open and in the forest understory

The light environment, photosynthetic dynamics and steady-state net photosynthetic rates of lateral branch shoots of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco seedlings growing in the open and in the forest understory were investigated in situ. Mean incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 702.5 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) on open-grown branches and 52.0 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) on understory-grown branches. Mean daily durations of PPFD greater than 500, 200, and 50 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) were 8.5, 31.5, and 270.3 min, respectively, on understory-grown branches, and 559.1, 700.7, and 803.3 min, respectively, on open-grown branches. Sunflecks accounted for 32.4% of total daily photosynthetically active radiation incident on understory branches. Following 10 min at a PPFD of 50 micro mol m(-2) s(-1), the induction time required for net photosysnthesis to reach 50 and 90% of steady-state rates was shorter at a PPFD of 200 than at a PPFD of 500 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) and shorter in understory-grown branches than in open-grown branches. On a leaf area basis, dark respiration rates of understory-grown branches were lower and net photosynthetic rates were higher than those of open-grown branches exposed to low PPFD. However, at high PPFDs, understory-grown branches had lower photosynthetic rates than open-grown branches. When measurements were expressed on a leaf dry mass basis, there was no difference in dark respiration rates between understory branches and open-grown branches, but net photosynthetic rates of understory branches were equal to or higher than those of open-grown branches at all PPFDs.     

切花月季的温室生产

选用2年生切花月季红色系品种萨蔓莎作试材，探讨其温室栽培中所留主枝多少与切花产量、质量的关系。试验结果表明：选留4条主枝的植株比选留6条、8条主枝的植株，切花产量高、质量好。选留主枝数量与各生长阶段所需时间长短无关。     

截干对红松人工幼龄林侧枝生长的影响

以红松人工幼龄林(10年生)为研究对象,开展不同截干处理的结果表明,红松截干(按比例、轮枝)对侧枝生长影响显著。1/3截干轮枝基径、轮枝长平均值最大值(11.08、1.022)分别比对照高出140.87%、354.22%;三轮截干轮枝基径、轮枝长平均值最大值(8.11、0.51)比对照高出298.52%、211%。1/3截干平均值(11.08、1.022)比三轮平均值(8.11、0.51)要大,1/3截干最好。     

Tissue culture responses of explants taken from branch sources with different degrees of juvenility in mature black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) trees

We studied the in vitro responses of cambial tissue and dormant vegetative buds obtained from top and epicormic branches of three mature black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees. Cambial tissues isolated from epicormic branches produced more callus than cambial tissues isolated from top branches, whereas in vitro shoot cultures derived from buds excised from top branches grew faster than those derived from buds excised from epicormic branches. There were no significant differences between the two branch sources in in vitro bud break or shoot multiplication from bud explants or cambial-derived callus tissue, respectively. Furthermore, the top branches, generally considered to be the most mature in a tree, were not recalcitrant in terms of morphogenic capacity compared to epicormic branches.     

不同香樟单株含水量及抗寒性差异分析

该试验通过对香樟单株叶片、枝条含水量和电导率的分析,比较了不同香樟单株抗寒性的差异.试验结果表明,香樟单株不同,其叶片、枝条含水量有显著差异,且1a生枝条含水量＞叶片＞2a生枝条;随着冬季来临,香樟枝、叶含水量下降的程度因单株不同而有差异;香樟枝、叶的相对电导率随温度的下降显示不同的规律.Al相时电导率最小,抗寒性最强.     

Estimating the equilibrium position by measuring growth stress in weeping branches ofPrunus spachiana Kitamura f.spachiana cv.Plenarosea

The equilibrium position of a current-year branch of the weeping Japanese cherry,Prunus spachiana Kitamura f.spachiana cv.Plenarosea, was estimated by measuring the released strains of growth stresses. In current-year branches that were supported with wires to prevent weeping as soon as the branches first budded, tensile growth stresses on the upper side were smaller than those of the control branches. Gelatinous fibers were rarely found on the upper part of the cross section of the supported branches, whereas the control branches had many gelatinous fibers on the upper part. The upright orientation of the supported branches was closer to the equilibrium position than the weeping orientation of the control branches. The equilibrium position of the branches was thought to be in the initial bud direction, above the horizontal plane; and the weeping style of branch was not the preferred angular orientation forP. spachiana.