中药防治奶牛乳房炎的研究进展

乳房炎是奶牛的一种常见病,是导致牛奶产量和质量下降的主要原因之一。目前,奶牛乳房炎的防治多以抗生素为主,但抗生素的滥用不仅导致了乳汁中病原菌耐药性的产生,同时也造成了乳汁中抗生素的残留。中药由于无残留、无毒副作用和较少出现耐药性等特点而备受科研学者的关注。本文主要从奶牛乳房炎的危害、中药防治奶牛乳房炎的研究现状和作用机理三个方面探讨了当前中药防治奶牛乳房炎的研究进展,旨在为临床上奶牛乳房炎的防治提供客观的参考。     

奶牛乳房炎研究进展

奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖业常见的疾病之一.对奶牛乳房炎的现状、病因、诊断、治疗和防治研究方向进行了简要综述,为深入研究奶牛乳房炎的防治提供了资料.     

奶牛乳房炎的病因与防治对策

奶牛乳房炎是世界乳牛业的主要危害因素之一，在畜牧、兽医、食品等领域一直受到人们的广泛关注，专家、学者从未中断过对它的研究。笔者对奶牛乳房炎的病因和防治对策的研究进展进行了综述，并指出了今后对乳房炎进行治疗的研究方向。     

奶牛乳房炎防治研究进展

奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖业常见的疾病之一.本文对控制奶牛乳房炎的经济意义、预防和治疗乳房炎及乳房炎防治研究方向等方面进行简要综述,为深入研究奶牛乳房炎的综合防治提供资料.     

中药治疗奶牛乳房炎及提高生产性能的研究进展

乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖的重要疾病,对奶牛造成巨大的危害和经济损失.奶牛乳房炎的防治主要是应用抗生素疗法.近年来人们对抗生素在牛奶、肉中的残留备受关注.中草药具有低毒性、低残留及安全性好等优势,人们在防治乳房炎中已开始把注意力转向中草药以代替抗生素类药物.本文概述奶牛乳房炎的危害,重点介绍中医药防治奶牛乳房炎的研究进展.以期指导生产实践,科学防治,促进奶牛生产健康持续发展.     

奶牛乳房炎防治的新进展

奶牛乳房炎是高产奶牛最常见的疾病,对奶业的发展危害严重。近年来,国内外学者对该病开展了大量的研究工作,作者对奶牛乳房炎的研究进展作一综述,为该病的科学防治提供有益的参考。     

奶牛乳房炎抗性育种研究进展

乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病之一,也是造成奶牛产奶量低下的重要原因。文章介绍了奶牛乳房炎的感染机制、检测方法和传统治疗方式,重点阐述了奶牛乳房炎的抗性育种研究进展,并对其进行了展望,以期为奶牛乳房炎的抗性分子育种提供参考。     

浅谈奶牛乳房炎的危害和防治措施分析

奶牛乳房炎也被称为奶牛乳腺炎,主要是因为奶牛感染病原微生物而引起的,其主要症状就是奶牛的乳房组织和乳头出现炎症.乳房炎是奶牛养殖中最常见的疾病,也是危害最严重且防止最困难的一种疾病.经常会给奶牛养殖户造成严重的经济损失.本文将对奶牛乳房炎的危害进行分析,并探讨其防治措施.     

奶牛乳房炎防治技术研究进展

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛的常见病和多发病之一,给奶牛业带来了巨大的经济损失,也严重地制约着奶牛业的发展。从奶牛乳房炎的发病现状、奶牛乳房炎的发病机理、奶牛乳房炎防治措施三个方面对奶牛乳房炎防治技术进行了综述,旨在为临床防治奶牛乳房炎提供理论指导。     

奶牛乳房炎的综合防治

<正>奶牛乳房炎可导致奶牛福利下降、牛奶产量和质量降低、防治用药及劳动力成本增加,不仅影响公共卫生安全和食品卫生安全,也给我国奶牛养殖业造成了巨大经济损失。奶牛乳房炎的病因非常复杂,单一的防控措施很难取得良好效果,需要从抗病育种、病原菌的控制、饲养管理、药物和疫苗防治等方面采取综合措施,才能有效防控奶牛乳房炎。因此,本文分别对各项防控技术的研究进展和应用现状进行了总结和分析,以便于广大奶牛养殖业者和兽医更好地了解各项防治技术的现状和问题,做好奶牛乳房炎的综合防治工作。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.