Diphosphonates inhibit formation of calcium phosphate crystals in vitro and pathological calcification in vivo

Two diphosphonates containing the P-C-P bond, CH(3)C(OH)(PO(3)HNa)(2) and H(2)C(PO(3)HNa)(2), inhibit the crystallization of calcium phosphate in vitro and prevent aortic calcification of rats given large amounts of vitamin D(3). The diphosphonates therefore have effects similar to those described for compounds containing the P-O-P bond but are active when administered orally.     

Precipitate formation in the strontium-phosphate system

Study of the precipitation process in the aqueous Sr(OH)(2)-H(3)PO(4) system, in order to elucidate the phase transformations and the nature of the final solid phases, shows that over much of the range of compositions studied the initial precipitate is poorly crystalline; the x-ray pattern resembles that of strontium hydroxyapatite but has a strontium: phosphorus molar ratio close to 1.3. Within 1 hour the initial precipitate changes to a stable crystalline phase (or phases), with corresponding change, either up or down, in the strontium: phosphorus ratio. At high ratios of Sr(OH)(2) to H(2)PO(4) the initial precipitate is Sr(3)(PO(4))(2)-4H(2)O, which then converts to a phase having the x-ray diffraction pattern of strontium hydroxyapatite, but having a strontium: phosphorus ratio that depends somewhat on the initial ratio of Sr(OH)(2) to H(3)PO(4) used in the precipitation.     

Stanfieldite: a new phosphate mineral from stony-iron meteorites

A new mineral, stanfieldite, Ca(4)(Mg,Fe)(5)(PO(4))(6), has been found in the Estherville mesosiderite and several pallasites: Santa Rosalia, Albin, Finmarken, Imilac, Mount Vernon, and Newport. The atom ratio Mg:Fe of this mineral varies from 1.5 in Estherville to a constant ratio of about 15 in the pallasites. X-ray, optical, and chemical data for the mineral resemble those for the only intermediate compound in the system Mg(3)(PO(4))(2)-Ca(3)(PO(4))(2).     

Structure of a three-dimensional, microporous molybdenum phosphate with large cavities

The synthesis, single-crystal x-ray structural characterization, and sorption properties of a microporous molybdenum phosphate, (Me(4)N)(1.3)(H(3)O)(0.7)[Mo(4)O(8)(PO(4))(2)] . 2H(2)O (Me, methyl), are presented. The three-dimensional framework is built up from Mo(4)O(8)(4+) cubes and PO(4)(3-) tetrahedra that are connected in such a way that large, cation-filled voids are generated; these voids constitute 25% of the volume of the solid. Absorption isotherms for water show the completely reversible uptake of 4 to 5 percent by weight water into the micropores of this compound, which corresponds to 10 to 12 percent by volume.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒HNa株的分离鉴定

本文从发生以肾病变为主的鸡群中分离到了IBV,经电镜观察、生物学特性试验、理化试验、血清中和试验、RT-PCR及RFLP分析、动物回归试验等证明该毒株为肾型IBV,血清型属于Gray株。     

An Inorganic Double Helix: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism of Chiral [(CH3)2NH2]K4[V10O10(H2O)2(OH)4(PO4)7]{middle dot}4H2O

Very complicated inorganic solids can be self-assembled from structurally simple precursors as illustrated by the hydrothermal synthesis of the vanadium phosphate, [(CH(3))(2)NH(2)]K(4)[V(10)O(10)(H(2)O)(2)(OH)(4)(PO(4))(7)].4H(2)O, 1, which contains chiral double helices formed from interpenetrating spirals of vanadium oxo pentamers bonded together by P(5+). These double helices are in turn intertwined with each other in a manner that generates unusual tunnels and cavities that are filled with (CH(3))(2)NH(2)(+) and K(+) cations, respectively. The unit cell contents of dark blue phosphate 1, which crystallizes in the enantiomorphic space group P4(3) with lattice constants a = 12.130 and c = 30.555 angstroms, are chiral; only one enantiomorph is present in a given crystal. Magnetization measurements show that 1 is paramagnetic with ten unpaired electrons per formula unit at higher temperatures and that antiferromagnetic interactions develop at lower temperatures.     

Oxygen-isotope ratios in phosphate from fossil marine organisms

Well-preserved fossil marine organisms generally yield very positive delta(18)(PO(4)(3-)) values which are considered to result from relatively good preservation of the original oxygen-isotope composition of phosphatic material deposited under isotopic equilibrium conditions in oceanic water whose O(18):O(16) ratio was more positive than that of modern oceans.     

磷钾配合施用对茼蒿品质的影响

为研究不同磷肥和钾肥耦合对蔬菜品质的影响,以茼蒿为实验材料,通过盆栽试验,研究不同浓度磷肥施用并配施不同种类钾肥下茼蒿维生素C(Vc),还原糖和氨基酸含量。结果表明：同等磷肥施用量条件下,配施不同钾肥处理茼蒿Vc、还原糖、氨基酸含量整体上分别表现为KH2PO4＞KNO3＞KCl＞K2SO4＞CK、KH2PO4＞K2SO4＞KNO3＞KCl＞CK和KH2PO4＞KNO3＞CK＞K2SO4＞KCl;不同磷肥施用量配施同种钾肥时,茼蒿Vc、还原糖、氨基酸含量普遍表现为随磷肥用量的增加而增加;配合KH2PO4施用在不同磷肥施用量条件下茼蒿Vc、还原糖、氨基酸含量均最高,其中在高水平Ca(H2PO4) 2条件下配施KH2PO4,茼蒿Vc、还原糖、氨基酸含量达最大值。     

大豆蛋白-三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂胶黏剂固化剂的研究

以大豆蛋白降解液、三聚氰胺、尿素和高浓度甲醛为原料,合成了一种低摩尔比的大豆蛋白-三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛共缩聚树脂胶黏剂(SMUF)。选用(NH4)2SO4、(NH4)2S2O8、(NH4)2HPO4和H3PO4作为SMUF树脂的固化剂,研究了固化剂对SMUF树脂基本理化性能的影响。结果表明:1)传统固化剂(NH4)2SO4不能使SMUF树脂充分固化,最终树脂胶合强度低、耐水性差,固化后的胶层断面疏松、多孔;2)H3PO4和(NH4)2S2O8属于中强酸体系,两者均能一定程度加速SMUF树脂的固化,树脂胶合强度和耐水性均得到改善,固化温度显著降低,固化放热量有所提高;3)(NH4)2HPO4是一种缓冲型酸,其催化SMUF树脂的固化速度较为均匀,树脂综合性能较优,树脂的胶合强度和耐水性较好,固化温度也有所降低,树脂交联程度高,树脂固化层断面相对较为均匀。     

Strontium incorporation into dental enamel

Rats were raised on diets either rich or poor in strontium. Powder x-ray diffraction patterns suggest that isomorphous substitution of strontium for calcium occurs in the apatite of tooth enamel, and that strontium may form Sr(6)H(3)(PO(4)) * 2H(2)O, a compound hitherto unreported in biologic systems.     

桃树体内生化代谢与其对流胶病抗性的关系

试验以对流胶病表现为高抗、中抗、感病 3种类型的桃品种 (系 )为材料 ,接种流胶病病原菌后 ,定期测定苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL)、过氧化物酶 (PO)、多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性和绿原酸、木质素的含量 ,并进行PO和PPO同工酶分析。结果表明 :桃对流胶病的抗性与苯丙氨酸代谢的PAL有密切关系 ,并通过代谢产物绿原酸、木质素的增加得到表现 ;同时与PO和PPO的活性也有密切关系 ;但PO、PPO同工酶与桃对流胶病的抗性并无显著相关关系     

添加氧化镁与磷酸对厨余堆肥氮素转化与氮素损失的影响

[目的]探讨氧化镁与磷酸的加入对厨余堆肥氮素转化与氮素损失的影响。[方法]堆肥化试验采用静态好氧工艺,设C0、C1、C23个处理,对应添加氧化镁的量为01、3、mol/kg,同时加入与氧化镁等摩尔数量的磷酸。[结果]堆肥过程中,堆肥C0、C1、C2的厨余氨氮总释放率分别为5.77、0.92和0.01 g/kg。堆制后,与初始值相比,C0堆体全氮含量降低23.2%,C1、C2堆体全氮含量分别提高14.2%、33.0%。堆肥C0、C1、C2的氮损失率分别为48.9%1、8.9%和16.5%,氨氮挥发占氮损失的比例分别为36.8%、15.8%和0.2%。[结论]从堆肥的经济性与实用性来看,厨余堆肥的氧化镁和磷酸添加量以1mol/kg为宜。     

Dianion Stabilization by (M(C5(CH3)5)2)+: Theoretical Evidence for a Localized Ring in (DDQ)2-

Organic dianions have been stabilized by (M(C(5)(CH(3))(5))(2))(+), where M is iron or cobalt. This has allowed the structural and spectroscopic characterization of these dianions. The structure of (M(C(5)(CH(3))(5))(2))(2)(+) (DDQ)(2-), where DDQ is 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone, has been determined by x-ray crystallography. The structure of (DDQ)(2-)is consistent with ab initio molecular orbital calculations that suggest a localizd as opposed to a delocalized (aromatic) ring structure.     

基质栽培营养液氮磷钾补充水平对番茄养分吸收及产量品质影响

温室条件下,采用基质袋式栽培方式(长12.7 m、宽30 cm、高20 cm),通过改变营养液KNO_3与NH_4H_2PO_4含量得到4个不同营养液氮磷钾补充水平,各处理物质的量浓度比分别为:CK为Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O:KNO_3:NH_4H_2PO_4:MgSO_4·7H_2O=4.00:6.00:1.00:2.00,T1为Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O:KNO_3:NH_4H_2PO_4:MgSO_4·7H_2O=4.00:4.00:0.80:2.00,T2 为Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O:KNO_3:NH_4H_2PO_4:MgSO_4·7H2O=4.00:8.00:1.20:2.00,T3 为Ca(NO_3)2·4H_2O:KNsdfO_3:NH_4H_2PO_4: MgSO_4·7H_2O=4.00:10.00:1.40:2.00;研究营养液氮磷钾补充水平对基质栽培番茄品质、产量及养分吸收利用影响。结果表明,提高营养液氮磷钾水平可促进番茄各器官对氮磷钾吸收,超量施用抑制氮磷钾吸收;果实可溶性蛋白、维生素C、还原糖、可溶性总糖含量均随营养液氮磷钾补充水平提高呈先增后降趋势,而可溶性固形物与硝酸盐含量逐渐增加;各处理间单果重、产量差异显著;与CK相比,T2单果重增加6.85%、产量增加13.10%,T3单果重减少2.29%、产量减少2.92%,且存在显著差异。综合考虑番茄养分吸收利用、品质和产量等因素,在试验条件下,T2处理营养液氮磷钾补充水平最佳,推荐用量为:KNO3 8 mmol·L~(-1)、NH_4H_2PO_4 1.2 mmol·L~(-1)、Ca(NO_3)_2 ·4H_2O_4 mmol·L~(-1)、MgSO_4·7H_2O_2 mmol·L~(-1)。     

Ammonioborite: new borate polyion and its structure

The mineral ammonioborite is monoclinic with unit cell dimensions (in angstroms): a = 25.27, b = 9.65, and c = 11.56; beta = 94 degrees 17', and the space group is C 2/c. Analysis of the crystal structure revealed the crystallo-chemical formula (NH(4))(3)B(15)O(20)(OH)(8).4H(2)O, with four such formula units in the unit cell. The basic structural unit is the double ring consisting of one BO(4) tetrahedron and four BO(3) triangles: in ammonioborite three of these units are connected to give trimeric ions [B(15)O(20)(OH)(8)](3-).     

Ammonium micas: possible sources of atmospheric ammonia and nitrogen

Ammonium muscovite, NH(4)Al(2)AlSi(3)O(10)(OH)(2), and ammonium phlogopite, NH(4)Mg(3)AlSi(3)O(10)(OH)(2), have been synthesized hydrothermally at gas pressures of 2 kilobars and temperatures between 550 degrees and 730 degrees C. Both micas are stable only in environments of high ammonia fugacity. Ammonia or nitrogen, or both, are released by thermal decomposition, cation exchange, or oxidation. The ammonia : nitrogen ratio in the gas depends primarily on the hydrogen fugacity and the temperature of the environment. Calculations show that, even in a predifferentiated Earth, nitrogen may have predominated. The total amount of nitrogen present on the surface of Earth could be accounted for by the decomposition of a layer of ammonium muscovite 170 meters thick.     

Hemoglobin switching in sheep and goats: occurrence of hemoglobins A and C in the same red cell

Sheep and goats switch from the synthesis of hemoglobin A (alpha(2)beta(2)(A)) to hemoglobin C (alpha(2)beta(2)(C)) when made anemic. We have demonstrated the existence of the asymmetrical hybrid hemoglobin, alpha(2)beta(A)beta(C), in the circulating red cells of anemic sheep. These erythroid cells, therefore, synthesized both A and C hemoglobin simultaneously. Thus, the switch appears to be mediated by selective gene expression rather than by a clonal or cellular selective mechanism.     

环氧树脂作还原剂制备Li3V2(PO4)3的结构和性能

采用高温固相法，以环氧树脂为还原剂合成锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3.通过X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜对样品的晶体结构和微观形貌进行表征，并用恒电流充放电和循环伏安实验研究材料的电化学性能.结果表明所制备的Li3V2(PO4)3为结晶完善的单斜结构，颗粒分布均匀且粒径较小，0.2 C时在3.0V~4.3V电压范围的首次放电比容量为126.9 mAh/g，30次循环后的比容量为126.0 mAh/g，容量保持率达到99.29%.     

Structural aspects of reversible molecular oxygen uptake

The system IrX(CO)[P(C(6)H(5))(3)](2) in benzene solution adds mo lecular oxygen reversibly if X is chlorine and irreversibly if X is iodine. The crystal structure of the complex IrIO(2)(CO)[P(C(6)H(5))(3)](2) * CH(2)Cl(2) is reported here and compared with a previous study of the structure of IrClO(2)(CO)[P(C(6)H(5))(3)](2). The O-O bond length is 1.47 +/- 0.02 angstroms in the irreversibly oxygenated iodo-compound and 1.30 +/- 0.03 angstroms in the reversibly oxygenated chloro compound.     

长期施肥对稻田土壤硒含量形态及分布的影响

 从湖南省 9个稻田肥力定位监测点经过 12年试验的 3个处理 (无肥、化肥、有机肥 )采集土壤 ,分析硒的含量与形态。结果表明 ,与无肥处理比较 ,施用化肥或有机肥都能提高耕作层土壤全硒、腐殖酸硒和交换性硒的含量 ,提高腐殖酸硒和交换性硒占全硒的比例 ,提高稻谷与稻草的含硒量 ;施化肥可提高腐殖酸硒中富里酸硒的比例 ,施有机肥可提高腐殖酸硒中胡敏酸硒的比例。施肥对剖面硒分布的影响与稻田淋溶强度有关。 3处理土壤硒的剖面分布相同的是 :全硒、腐殖酸硒、富里酸硒含量为A层 >W层 >C层 ,但同一土层硒的含量施肥处理高于无肥处理 ;腐殖酸硒 /全硒为A层 >C层 >W层 ,富里酸硒 /腐殖酸硒为C、W层 >A层。 3处理的交换性硒 /全硒以无肥处理的A层最低 ,W层最高。