行业资讯农业部：2000亿元助力现代农业发展

国家开发银行和农业部在北京签署《共同推进现代农业发展合作协议》及《开发性金融支持我国农业国际合作协议》。根据协议,“十二五”期间国开行将融资2000亿元支持现代农业发展。农业部部长韩长赋和国家开发银行董事长陈元出席签字仪式。这是两部门贯彻落实2012年中央一号文件精神和《全国现代农业发展规划》的具体行动。根据协议,双方将紧紧围绕“十二五”现代农业发展目标任务,围绕现代粮食产业、现代园艺产业、现代种业、现代畜牧业、现代渔业、现代农产品初加工、现代农产品流通业、战略性新兴产业、现代农业示范区、农业国际合作等十个重点领域加强战略合作,创新农业融资服务体制机制,支持关键领域和薄弱环节。     

加快发展现代农业产业的对策思考——以江苏省泰州市为例

根据现代产业组织理论,在深刻理解现代农业产业内涵的基础上,结合江苏泰州农业的发展实际提出要以特色化、品牌化、市场化和标准化拓展现代农业产业发展空间,并探讨了加快推进现代农业产业发展的4个主要对策:以落实惠农政策为重点,提高依法管理现代农业产业水平;以开展农民教育培训为抓手,着力提高现代农业产业的科技创新水平;以实施公共财政为契机,切实提高现代农业产业的投入水平;以举办农业节庆活动为载体,切实提高农产品的市场营销水平。     

关于发展山东现代蔬菜产业几个问题的思考与建议

在省委、省政府的领导和关怀下,山东蔬菜产业历经近20年的快速发展,已经成为山东省农业的支柱产业和农村经济发展、农民持续增收的优势产业。目前,面对党中央提出发展现代农业的号召,山东蔬菜产业如何率先走上发展现代蔬菜产业的轨道？怎样着手加快发展？如何少走弯路健康发展？这几个问题很值得我们研究和思考。现就现代农业的内涵与发展思路,对山东蔬菜产业现状的基本分析,以及对推进山东现代蔬菜产业发展的建议等问题谈几点看法．供参考。     

种子种苗在发展现代农业中的地位与作用

发展现代农业是当前新农村建设的首要任务,十七届三中全会提出了高产、优质、生态、高效、安全的现代农业总目标。现代农业是科技发达的农业,发展现代农业要靠多种因素推动,种子种苗是发展高效生态农业的源头,是发展现代农业的载体,在现代农业中起着基础性和先导性作用,发展现代农业离不开现代种子产业。     

杨凌现代农业探析

现代农业是用现代工业力量装备的,生产效率达到世界先进水平的农业。陕西杨凌因其独特的农业历史文化、丰富的产业资源和雄厚的科研实力,极具发展现代农业的优势。在认真分析和挖掘杨凌特有的潜力和优势的基础上,以增加农民收入和实现农业的科学化、商品化、集约化、产业化为目标,加快现代农业的规划和发展,必将使杨凌成为推动中国现代农业发展的展示窗口和示范基地。     

现代农业观光园规划初探——以岗集现代苗木产业示范园为例

以合肥岗集镇为例,对现代农业观光园的规划和建设进行探讨。岗集现代苗木产业示范园是一个以花卉苗木生产为主导产业的农业观光示范园,它将苗木的生产、经营和景观的营造相互结合,以此带动农业、林业、旅游等其他各类附属产业的共同发展。笔者详细的介绍了岗集现代苗木产业示范园规划的背景、思路和内容,提出了有效的现代农业观光园的规划思路,以期为安徽省观光农业的可持续发展提供参考。     

农药企业要积极投身于农业示范区建设

<正>专家指出,国家现代农业示范区是以现代产业发展理念为指导,以新型农民为主体,以现代科学技术和物质装备为支撑,采用现代经营管理方式的可持续发展的现代农业示范区域,具有产业布局合理、组织方式先进、资源利用高效、供给保障安全、综合效益显著的特征。加强现代农业示范区建设,是实现农业现代化的有效途径。为探索中国特色农业现代化道路,加快现代农业建设进程,2009年11月,我国由农业部牵头,正     

云南非洲菊产业拉开升级序幕

随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,云南(红河)现代花卉产业园建设进程的有序推进,云南传统四大“花旦”之一的非洲菊也步入全新升级发展轨道。从荷兰引进和自主研发的系列新奇非洲菊新品种,目前已在开远现代农业产业园区、云南(红河)现代花卉泸西园区白水片区,以及云南省现代农业产业技术体系楚雄试验站的温室大棚安家落户。     

都市型现代观光农业产业规划探析——以绵阳市仙海旅游度假区为例

以绵阳市仙海旅游度假区为例,在对都市型现代农业的概念和基本内涵进行初步概括的基础上,对都市型现代观光农业的产业规划原则、功能定位和具体的农业产业项目案例进行了探析,提出了仙海都市型现代观光农业产业空间布局规划构想和重点发展与培育1个支柱产业、2个主导产业、3个优势产业的产业发展目标。文章对探索都市型现代观光农业的规划方法和规划实践,具有一定的理论和实际指导意义。     

种子种苗的作用及其发展现状

种子种苗是发展高效生态农业的源头,是发展现代农业的抓手和载体,在现代农业中起着基础性和先导性作用,发展现代农业离不开现代种子产业,各种形态的农业发展都离不开种子种苗。对现代农业中种子种苗的重要性及发展成就和瓶颈进行了相关论述。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.