2011年大豆产业政策需“思变”

1调控政策实施以来产业发展现状 在已经过去的2010年是中国实施大豆政策性收储以来的第三年。自2008年四季度以来。为稳定大豆市场价格、保护农民利益。确保国内大豆种植产业安全．国家在东北三省一区实行政策性大豆收购工作。然而从市场的监测情况来看．除了2008年秋季大豆播种面积同比略增外．     

2011年～2013年山东地区规模化养猪场猪体携带病原调查与分析

为了解山东地区2011年~2013年猪体携带病原情况,本研究对发病猪场送检的264份病料样品进行病原检测,结果显示发病猪体内主要病原及其分离率分别为:猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒43.18%,流行性腹泻病毒27.27%,猪圆环病毒31.64%,猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌58.33%,副猪嗜血杆菌26.42%,大肠杆菌32.85%,支气管败血波氏杆菌3.12%,绿脓杆菌2.51%。表明引起呼吸系统疾病的病原分离率较高,是导致猪场高发病率与死亡率的重要原因。本研究为有效并针对性地控制相关地区规模化猪场疫病提供了重要数据依据。     

Genetic variation analyses of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolated in mid-eastern China from 2011 to 2013

Porcine diarrhea outbreaks caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has occurred in China with significant losses of piglets since 2010. In this study, the complete S and ORF3 genes of 15 field PEDV isolates in mid-eastern China from 2011 to 2013 were detected and compared with other reference strains. Based on S gene, all of the PEDV strains could be assigned to 3 genogroups. Only 1 isolate, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"JS120103","term_id":"364436861","term_text":"JS120103"}}JS120103, belonged to genogroup 1 and showed a close relationship with previous Chinese strains DX and JS-2004-2, European strain CV777, and Korean strain DR13. The other 14 isolates belonged to genogroup 3 and showed a close relationship with other Chinese strains isolated after 2010. The S genes of those isolates were 9 nucleotides longer in length than {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"JS120103","term_id":"364436861","term_text":"JS120103"}}JS120103 and the other reference strains in genogroup 1, with 15 bp insertion and 6 bp deletion. Homology analyses revealed that all of the Chinese field isolates, except {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"JS120103","term_id":"364436861","term_text":"JS120103"}}JS120103, are 97.6% to 100% (95.8% to 100%) identical in nucleotide (deduced amino acid) sequence to each other. Meanwhile, based on the ORF3 gene, all of the PEDV isolates could be separated into 3 genogroups. Eleven of the 15 field isolates in this study belonged to genogroup 3 and were 95.8% to 100% identical in nucleotide sequence or 95.6% to 100% in deduced amino acid sequence to each other. Our results indicate that the variant PEDV strain spread wildly in mid-eastern China. This will be useful to take into consideration in the control and prevention of this disease.     

广东江门地区2011-2013年H_5、H_9亚型禽流感抗体监测结果分析

为了解广东江门地区禽流感免疫效果,自2011年1月至2013年12月,在江门地区4市3区禽养殖场的肉鸡和水禽分别随机采样9 043份和8 249份血清样品进行血清学检测。结果显示:禽流感H_5亚型抗体合格率为82.19%,H_9亚型为66.34%。其中肉鸡H_5亚型为90.21%,水禽H_5亚型为73.39%;肉鸡H_9亚型为84.66%,水禽H_9亚型为46.26%。结果表明:H_5亚型抗体水平明显高于H_9亚型;肉鸡H_5与H_9亚型抗体水平明显高于水禽。近年来江门地区肉鸡和水禽中禽流感H_5与H_9亚型抗体水平整体呈上升趋势。     

Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Pet Hedgehogs – United States, 2011–2013

Zoonotic Salmonella infections cause approximately 130 000 illnesses annually in the United States. Of 72.9 million US households owning at least one pet, five million own small mammals; 3000 hedgehogs were documented by USDA in USDA‐licensed breeding facilities and pet stores in 2012. State health department collaborators and PulseNet, the national bacterial subtyping network, identified human infections of a Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak strain, which were investigated by CDC, USDA‐APHIS and state public and animal health officials. A case was defined as an illness in a person infected with the outbreak strain identified between 1 December 2011 and 3 June 2013. Investigators collected information on patient exposures, cultured animal and environmental specimens for Salmonella, and conducted traceback investigations of USDA‐licensed hedgehog facilities. There were 26 cases in 12 states. Illness onset dates ranged from 26 December 2011 to 8 April 2013. The median patient age was 15 years (range = <1–91 years); 58% were female. Among 23 persons with available information, 8 (35%) were hospitalized and one outbreak strain‐associated death was reported. Of 25 patients with available information, 20 (80%) reported pet hedgehog contact in the week before illness onset. The outbreak strain was isolated from animal and environmental samples collected from three ill persons’ homes in three states. Hedgehogs were purchased in geographically distant states from USDA‐licensed breeders (10/17, 59%); a USDA‐licensed pet store (1/17, 6%); unlicensed or unknown status breeders (3/17, 18%); and private individuals (3/17, 18%). Traceback investigations of USDA‐licensed facilities did not reveal a single source of infection. Public and animal health collaboration linked pet hedgehog contact to human infections of Salmonella Typhimurium, highlighting the importance of a One Health investigative approach to zoonotic salmonellosis outbreaks. More efforts are needed to increase awareness among multiple stakeholders on the risk of illness associated with pet hedgehogs.     

中国的转基因政策对大豆产生新的影响

中国为监管转基因农产品的生产、加工和贸易所做的新规定,既可能根本无足挂齿,也可能让美国大豆出口商感到头痛。就连消息灵通人士也很少愿意在目前对这种新政策会对中国市场产生多大威胁进行臆测。中国是美国最大的单一大豆出口国。     

Demographics of the Canadian dairy industry from 1991 to 2011

A retrospective study of the demographics of the Canadian dairy industry was conducted using data derived from Statistics Canada’s Census of Agriculture from 1991 to 2011. This longitudinal study shows that Canada’s dairy industry has undergone considerable consolidation. From 1991 to 2011, the number of dairy producers and dairy farms decreased by 48.9% and 61.9%, respectively. Furthermore, this trend in consolidation is likely to continue; nearly half (45.8%) of all dairy producers in Canada were ≥ 50 y of age in 2011. Not only will most of these producers be retired by 2021, but younger producers will also exit the industry for other reasons. These findings mirror what is occurring in Canada’s cow-calf industry, underscoring that supply-managed sectors experience demographic consolidation similar to non-supply managed sectors. These substantial changes will have ramifications for the veterinary profession. There will be fewer but larger farms, and the services and knowledge demanded of veterinarians will change accordingly, which has implications for food animal veterinary education.     

Time–course monitoring of serum amyloid A in a cat with pancreatitis

Abstract: Time‐course changes in the concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA), a major acute phase protein, were measured in a cat with pancreatitis over an 831‐day period and compared with changes in WBC count and feline trypsin‐like immunoreactivity (fTLI). SAA concentration was increased at the onset of the disease and gradually decreased over 5 days of treatment with an improvement in the clinical condition. In contrast, fTLI concentration and WBC count were not increased at the onset of the disease but increased gradually during the 5 days of treatment. Long‐term monitoring from days 68 to 831 revealed a good correlation between SAA concentration and the reoccurrence of clinical signs in the cat; however, WBC count did not increase even with the exacerbation of disease. These findings suggest that the SAA concentration may be a useful marker for evaluating response to treatment and disease exacerbation in feline pancreatitis.     

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Diversity in Salmonella from Humans and Cattle, 2004–2011

Analysis of long‐term anti‐microbial resistance (AMR) data is useful to understand source and transmission dynamics of AMR. We analysed 5124 human clinical isolates from Washington State Department of Health, 391 cattle clinical isolates from the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and 1864 non‐clinical isolates from foodborne disease research on dairies in the Pacific Northwest. Isolates were assigned profiles based on phenotypic resistance to 11 anti‐microbials belonging to eight classes. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), Salmonella Newport (SN) and Salmonella Montevideo (SM) were the most common serovars in both humans and cattle. Multinomial logistic regression showed ST and SN from cattle had greater probability of resistance to multiple classes of anti‐microbials than ST and SN from humans (P < 0.0001). While these findings could be consistent with the belief that cattle are a source of resistant ST and SN for people, occurrence of profiles unique to cattle and not observed in temporally related human isolates indicates these profiles are circulating in cattle only. We used various measures to assess AMR diversity, conditional on the weighting of rare versus abundant profiles. AMR profile richness was greater in the common serovars from humans, although both source data sets were dominated by relatively few profiles. The greater profile richness in human Salmonella may be due to greater diversity of sources entering the human population compared to cattle or due to continuous evolution in the human environment. Also, AMR diversity was greater in clinical compared to non‐clinical cattle Salmonella, and this could be due to anti‐microbial selection pressure in diseased cattle that received treatment. The use of bootstrapping techniques showed that although there were shared profiles between humans and cattle, the expected and observed number of profiles was different, suggesting Salmonella and associated resistance from humans and cattle may not be wholly derived from a common population.     

Dogs Entering the United States from Rabies‐Endemic Countries, 2011–2012

International dog imports pose a risk because of the potential movement of disease agents, including the canine rabies virus variant which has been eliminated from the United States since 2007. US regulations require a rabies vaccination certificate for dogs arriving from rabies‐endemic countries, but permit the importation of dogs that have not been adequately immunized against rabies, provided that the dogs are confined under conditions that restrict their contact with humans and other animals until they have been immunized. CDC Form 75.37, ‘Notice to Owners and Importers of Dogs’, explains the confinement requirements and serves as a binding confinement agreement with the importer. In this evaluation, we describe the characteristics of unimmunized dogs imported into the United States over a 1‐year period based upon dog confinement agreements recorded at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) quarantine stations. Confinement agreements were issued for nearly 2800 unimmunized dogs that entered the United States during 1 June 2011–31 May 2012, the majority of which travelled to the United States by air and without any seasonal pattern in import volume. Over 60% of these animals were puppies <3 months of age and included a wide variety of breeds. The dogs arrived from 81 countries, with the majority arriving from North America or Europe. Dogs placed on confinement agreements had final destinations in 49 states. California, New York, Texas, Washington and Florida received the largest number of dogs on confinement agreements. These results (which do not reflect human travel or US dog ownership data) suggest that a large portion of unimmunized dogs arrive from rabies‐endemic countries for commercial, shelter and rescue purposes. Further evaluation and key stakeholder involvement are needed to assess whether the current dog importation regulations are an adequate compromise between the benefits and risks of dog importation.     

201O年12月-2011年1月全球重大动物疫情综述

2010年12月-2011年1月,全球通报发生的重大动物疫情主要有禽流感、口蹄疫、非洲猪瘟等. 1 禽流感 香港发现一只死鸡带有H5Nl禽流感病毒.2010年12月22日,香港在大屿山沙螺湾捡到的死鸡尸体中发现H5Nl高致病性禽流感病毒.