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研究旨在全面了解目前青海省畜间布鲁氏杆菌病(简称布病)的流行情况,对2016—2021年的全省布病疫情、监测、流行病学调查和人间感染布病的情况及相关数据通过Excel 2007和SPSS 17.0软件进行结果汇总、统计并分析,运用描述性流行病学方法对青海省畜间布病流行态势进行说明。结果显示:2016—2021年,青海省畜间布病疫情发生情况、抗体监测情况整体呈先下降后急剧上升的态势。羊布病抗体阳性率(1.29%)远高于牛(0.78%);不同畜种间布病抗体阳性由高到低依次为:其他羊(1.83%)、其他牛(1.14%)、种牛(0.86%)、种羊(0.38%)、奶牛(0.29%)。不同地区间感染率由高到低依次为海南州(3.01%)、西宁市(2.37%)、黄南州(2.07%)果洛州(1.96%)、海北州(1.75%)、海东市(1.35%)、玉树州(0.79%)、海西州(0.63%),阳性率均较高。研究表明,青海省2016—2021年畜间布病呈升高趋势,做好畜间布病的防控刻不容缓。 相似文献
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为全面了解河池市羊布鲁氏菌病(Brucellosis,以下简称“布病”)流行现状和特点,进行风险评估,为全市的布病防控和全面净化提供科学依据。2014年—2019年,采集全市11个县(区)1337个场点47062份羊血清,采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验进行布病检测,检出阳性场点25个,阳性血清417份,群体阳性率为1.87%、个体阳性率为0.89%,采取扑杀及无害化处理阳性羊及其同群羊1431只。河池市2016年检出羊布病个体阳性率高达6.15%,通过采取扩大监测面、强化监测频次、对检出阳性病例进行100%扑杀无害化处理等措施,2019年羊布病个体阳性率下降到0.18%,防控工作卓有成效,但布病防控形势仍然严峻,要实现所有县(区)达到羊布病净化标准,还需要毫不松懈继续抓好羊布病监测工作。 相似文献
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为了解广西贺州市家畜布鲁氏菌病(简称“布病”)流行情况,2019—2022年对部分猪、牛、羊规模场开展布病血清学监测,并对阳性场开展流行病学调查。结果显示:猪场群布病阳性率为0,牛为1.00%(2/200),羊为3.86%(17/440);猪个体阳性率为0,牛为0.03%(8/24 030),羊为0.88%(156/17 732)。2019—2021年未见牛布病阳性,2022年检出牛布病阳性,呈低流行率;羊布病阳性在2021年出现一次小高峰,2022年有所降低。羊只买卖、交换种公羊和混饲是导致布病阳性的主要因素。未整群扑杀阳性场的一次复阳率为33.33%,二次复阳率达50.00%。结果表明:贺州市家畜布病以牛羊感染为主,猪群布病流行风险较低,未整群扑杀场群存在复阳风险。建议积极推进牛羊布病净化场建设,坚持监测和阳性场整群扑杀的防控策略,强化流通检疫监管和生物安全管理,防控布病发生及蔓延。 相似文献
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甘肃省河西地区5市是牛羊布鲁氏菌病高发区,2015年检出阳性率高达1.87%。2015年以来通过采取以监测、扑杀为主的综合防控措施,取得了良好的防控效果,5市19个县(区、市)阳性率由2015年的1.87%下降到2017年的0.33%。阳性率明显下降。散养户检出阳性率高于规模场和其他场点,人畜间布鲁氏菌病感染发病具有相关性。本文综合分析了河西5市牛羊布鲁氏菌病上升原因和风险因素,提出综合防控建议。 相似文献
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为了全面掌握阎良区牛羊布鲁氏菌病(以下简称牛羊布病)分布状况和流行态势,加强牛羊布病疫情风险分析评估,为牛羊布病防控决策提供科学依据,笔者于2017-2018年对全区牛羊规模养殖场户和部分散养户组织开展了牛羊布病血清学调查。结果显示,2017年辖区畜间布病个体阳性率为0.07%,群体阳性率为0.19%;2018年辖区畜间布病羊只个体阳性率为1.54%,场群阳性率为4.31%;牛个体阳性率5.45%,场群阳性率28.57%。结果表明,辖区内牛羊布病点状发生的可能性较大。牛羊布病净化工作必须给予高度重视,应进一步加大牛羊布病防控工作投入,切实落实畜间布病以净化为主的综合防控措施,确保公共卫生安全。 相似文献
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张殿柱 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》1989,(1):25-27
三场一县种羊布病感染严重。两年共检疫各类种羊25603只,阳性率为4.86%,成年羊、母羊、公羊和幼年羊的阳性率分别为6.95%、6.30%、3.07%和1.47%。在布病流行区施行菌苗免疫只能保护健畜不受感染,但不能根除传染源和制止病毒排放病原茵。检疫扑杀病畜是净化布病的最佳方案。从现在起,各地(特别是绵羊改良地区)应重视种羊和引进羊的检疫工作。 相似文献
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瓜州县自2009年人间暴发布病以来,每年都有一定人和畜感染。2013年被省兽医局划定为布病防控一类区,连年采取“消毒、调运监管、检测、扑杀净化”的措施进行防控,但收效缓慢。2016年,按照《甘肃省羊布病区域免疫试点工作指导意见》开展了布病免疫试点工作,免疫接种取得了成功。之后羊布病免疫则纳入了动物防疫强制免疫病种,通过三年来免疫试验推广,取得了显著成效,人间布病发生率有所降低,畜间布病疫情得到了有效控制。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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