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突涌是基坑工程施工过程中常遇的主要灾害之一。现有的承压水基坑突涌稳定分析方法均不能反应突涌破坏机理。从水力劈裂的机理入手,建议承压水基坑突涌问题应考虑应力-渗流场耦合作用。在Biot固结理论基础上,建立了基坑突涌分析水力劈裂耦合模型,考虑了土体物理力学性质的动态演化。试图通过分析工作面推进过程中基底土体应力场和渗流场的变化,来判断突涌发生的可能性。研究结果表明:突涌始于基底隔水层所发生的张拉破坏,基底周边是发生突涌的危险位置;渗透弱面(初始张拉裂缝)的水压楔劈效应所导致的水力劈裂为基坑突涌提供了通道;高水压力的存在是突涌发生的前提条件,高水力梯度的产生是基坑突涌的根源。 相似文献
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<正> 水分散粒剂(Water Dispersible Granule)是上个世纪八十年代发展起来的农药新剂型,它是由活性物质、分散剂、湿润剂、悬浮剂、防结块剂、崩解剂、稳定剂、填充剂等要素组成,是在可湿性粉剂WP和水悬剂SC的基础上发展而成的。它具有以下优点: 1.颗粒粒度均匀、光滑,在高温高湿条件下贮存不互相粘结、不结块,因而流动性好,易包装、易计量。 2.水中分散性好、悬浮率高,在放置一定时间后,如24小时或48小时,只需搅动就可以重新悬浮起来成为均一的悬 相似文献
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本文全面介绍挺水植物菖蒲概况,总结了菖蒲在吸收有机物质、抑制水华发生等方面所具有的生态功能,进而从配置、建植和养护等3个方面着重探讨了菖蒲的园林应用要点,旨在为菖蒲的更好应用提供充分、全面的帮助。 相似文献
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为保障猪肉产品卫生安全,探讨了电化水在猪肉加工灭菌中的应用效果、参数和作用机制。结果表明,电化水通过有效氯、O3、H2O2和氧化还原电位等多种因素协同灭菌,应用于猪肉加工冲淋环节的最佳参数为:有效氯浓度140.5 mg/L、O3浓度1.12 mg/L、H2O2浓度3.44 mg/L、pH 8.13和氧化还原电位(ORP)1 072.7 mV,冲淋时间16 s。该参数下对猪肉表面菌落总数、大肠菌群的杀灭对数值分别为1.89 lg(CFU/25 cm2)、1.33 lg(MPN/25 cm2),相对自来水分别提高1.43 lg(CFU/25 cm2)、0.88 lg(MPN/25 cm2),并保持4 h内持续抑菌;同样对器具的消毒效果显著优于次氯酸钠。 相似文献
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为及时、准确监测烟草叶片的水分状况,连续2年开展不同基因型烤烟品种的水分胁迫试验,测定烟叶的光谱反射率和叶片等效水厚度(EWT),系统分析350~2500 nm波段范围内任意2个波段组合而成的比值水分指数(SRWI)和归一化水分指数(NDWI),并构建烟草EWT的光谱指数预测模型。结果表明:(1)不同基因型烟草的叶片等效水厚度均随灌水量的减少而降低。(2)不同水分处理的烟叶光谱反射率在可见光波段和近红外波段均发生了规律性变化。(3)筛选出的烟草叶片等效水厚度的光谱敏感波段主要集中在可见光区域的500~600 nm、近红外区域的700~900和1000~1250 nm、短波红外区域的1900~2000 nm,最佳水分光谱指数分别为NDWI(R1920,R1930)、SRWI(R1930,R1920),核心波段为1920、1930 nm。(4)利用水分光谱指数构建的烟草叶片等效水厚度的线性和非线性预测模型,以极限学习机模型(ELM)的精准度和稳定性最佳(P-R2=0.853 相似文献
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为探求覆膜滴灌种植下黑河中游玉米最适宜水氮用量,分别设置3个灌水量与3个施氮量水平,研究不同水氮配比对玉米不同生育阶段叶片叶绿素荧光参数及穗行数、行粒数、百粒重与经济产量等的影响。结果表明,采用W2N2(灌水量2400m3/hm2、施氮量180kg/hm2)的水氮配比处理,玉米在苗期、抽丝期、灌浆期的PSⅡ原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和叶片PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)最高;玉米在穗行数、行粒数、百粒重与经济产量等农艺性状上表现最优,分别为17.32行、36.54粒、34.62g与12.53t/hm2;水氮的交互作用对玉米百粒重与经济产量的影响极显著。 相似文献
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In order to determine the safe width of fault waterproof coal (rock) pillar and solve the safety mining problem,the lower protective seam mining of a coal mine in Shanxi Province is taken as an engineering research object. Taking faults’ occurrence and throw into account,numerical tests with FLAC 3D numerical simulation software are conducted to investigate the development of mining-induced fractures in coal seam roof and floor,and the reasonable width of waterproof coal (rock) pillar is determinated through combining numerical simulation with empirical formula method. In addition,the risk evaluation of coal seam floor water inrush of No.6 mining area in this coal mine is finished using the result of numerical simulation. It is shown that fault is not only an important factor affecting the disturbance failure extent of coal seam floor in protective seam mining,but a key factor determining the safe width of waterproof coal (rock) pillar. In the risk evaluation of coal mine water inrush,the effect from mining-induced disturbance failure of coal seam floor should be considered. 相似文献
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We introduce the original design and detail the process by which the waste water of a coal mine was treated. The original design is improved, based on the geographic location of the treatment station. The revised design reduces the capital inves 相似文献
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橡胶粒子束缚水分的生理功能初析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
橡胶粒子是由半单位生物膜包裹的细胞器,表面带负电荷,能够吸附水分子;由于在细胞中橡胶粒子数量极多,故能形成较强束缚水分的能力。产胶植物通过增加橡胶粒子合成,来提高吸水能力,以抵御逆境胁迫;胁迫消除时,又融合小橡胶粒子为更大粒子,来减少橡 相似文献
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Research on a dynamic tracking model for reservoir water flooding of separated zone water injection 下载免费PDF全文
Waterflood is one of the main oil reservoir development ways. Premature flooding of production wells during water flooding process will reduce oil recovery. Therefore,it is particularly important to establish a dynamic tracking model for reservoir water flooding of separated zone water injection. Based on the basic principles of heat and mass transfer,according to well temperature curve to determine the water profile,Poisson process analysis and stochastic process methods are adopted to calculate water saturation,water breakthrough time and water cut of each layer in water flooded reservoir at any one time. When oil reservoir gradually become water flooded,the calculated water cut of model considering micro-pore distribution of the reservoir tends to the measured water cut,and the calculation error is less than 5%. Case study shows that the layer of the higher injection rate,with high flow channel such as micro fracture,where there is the faster increase in water saturation,the shorter water breakthrough time and faster increase in water cut,and vice versa. Research result provides time guarantee to take measures for inhibiting or delaying water breakthrough of production wells. 相似文献
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To provide objective and comprehensive evaluation of surface water environmental quality for management and engineering projects a Fuzzy-AHP evaluation model is introduced. Level 1 is comprised of several current evaluation systems. On level 2 variable fuzzy set is introduced to evaluate the accurate grade. The model is applied to evaluate Jialing River (Ciqikou section) and evaluation result is grade III which is reasonable and reliable. The model is well-developed and physically grounded makes use of information of monitoring data more scientifically and comprehensively and provides an alternative evaluation method for water quality assessment. 相似文献
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铜尾矿库能源植物稳定化修复过程中定居植物多样性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
摘要:2008年6月至2009年11月期间,采用样方法对安徽铜陵杨山冲尾矿库能源植物稳定化修复基地定居植物进行了野外实地调查,并对植物种类作了详细的记录与分析,同时还初步分析了基地尾砂理化特性、污染状况与定居植物多样性的关系。结果表明,尾砂经改良人工和引种四种禾本科能源植物后,自然定居的维管植物共有64种,分属25科59属。其中一年生或二年生草本植物占57.8%,其次是多年生草本植物,占37.5%。四个处理区的物种丰富度指数、Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均表现为A(施加石灰区)<B(施加石灰和磷矿粉区)<C(对照区)<D(施加磷矿粉区),但均匀性指数恰与之相反。尾砂pH值和有效态重金属含量可能是植物正常定居和分布的限制因子。 相似文献
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农村集中供水管理存在的问题及改革建议 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
对湖北省荆州市8个县市区农村集中供水厂抽样调查显示,乡镇集中供水厂设施不完善,出厂水和使用自来水农户的生活用水水样均有1-3项指标超过国家规定标准,集中供水管理十分混乱,饮水安全存在较大不确定性。制定农村集中供水管理的法规,明确农村安全饮水的公益事业性质,明确地方政府在农村饮水安全中的责任,明确供水工程折旧提留费用管理办法,明确农村饮水安全管理责任追究办法,才能确保农村集中供水安全长效发展。 相似文献