鼻息肉患者T淋巴细胞的活化状态及其细胞因子的分泌

目的分析T淋巴细胞膜表面标志的表达及其细胞因子的分泌,了解人鼻息肉T淋巴细胞的活化状态及Th1/Th2反应的特点。方法采用流式细胞术检测45例鼻息肉患者鼻息肉组织、外周血中T细胞膜表面标志CD3、CD69的表达和Th1代表性细胞因子IFN-γ、Th2代表性细胞因子IL-4的分泌水平,并与正常人下鼻甲黏膜及外周血的相应指标进行比较。结果（1）患者鼻息肉组织及外周血T细胞均表达CD69分子,在鼻息肉组织局部CD69分子的表达更高（P〈0.01）。而在正常人下鼻甲黏膜中几乎未见CD3^＋CD69^＋细胞。（2）鼻息肉组织及患者外周血T细胞中均检测到IL-4、IFN-γ的表达,而在正常人下鼻甲黏膜中几乎未见CD3^＋IL-4^＋和CD3^＋IFN-γ^＋细胞。与正常人相比,患者外周血中IL-4、IFN-γ的含量均升高（P〈0.01）;与同一患者外周血相比,鼻息肉组织中IL-4的含量增高（P〈0.01）而IFN-γ的含量降低（P〈0.01）。结论鼻息肉组织中的T细胞高度表达CD69分子,处于免疫活化状态,产生Th1/Th2混合模式的细胞因子,与外周血相比Th细胞因子分泌优势发生改变,可能与鼻息肉＂微环境＂形成及黏膜免疫系统有关。     

大肠息肉癌变的内镜诊断及病理分析

目的：分析大肠息肉癌变的分布、大小、形态、病理特征及寻求息肉癌变的早期诊断、防治的方法。方法：回顾性分析经内镜诊断的68例（71个）大肠息内癌变的内镜、病理与临床资料。结果：1660例（2540个）大肠息肉中有68例（71个）癌变，癌变率为4．10％，左半结肠息肉癌变69个，占息肉癌变总数的97.18%。绒毛状腺瘤、混合腺瘤癌变率较高（分别为56．76％、14．71％），管状腺瘤癌变率较低（为4．17％）。息肉直径＞2.0cm者癌变率为37.40%，息肉直径1.0-2.0cm者癌变率为4.64%，息肉直径＜1cm者癌变率为0.43%，息肉直径＞2.0cm者癌变率明显高于2.0cm以下者。广基息肉癌变率10.08%。结论：左半结肠息肉、宽基息肉、直径＞2.0cm息肉、绒毛状腺瘤容易癌变。大肠息肉不论大小应尽可能予以切除，全瘤送检。内镜切除大肠息肉可预防息肉癌变。     

Corrections and clarifications

In the letter of 23 October by Charles A. Gardner (p. 530), Dr. Gardner's address was incorrectly given as the Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations of the House Committee on Government Operations. Dr. Gardner was a AAAS Congressional Science Fellow assigned to that subcommittee through August 1992, but the views expressed in his letter were his own and not those of the subcommittee.     

Beta amyloid gene duplication in Alzheimer's disease and karyotypically normal Down syndrome

With the recently cloned complementary DNA probe, lambda Am4 for the chromosome 21 gene encoding brain amyloid polypeptide (beta amyloid protein) of Alzheimer's disease, leukocyte DNA from three patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease and two patients with karyotypically normal Down syndrome was found to contain three copies of this gene. Because a small region of chromosome 21 containing the ets-2 gene is duplicated in patients with Alzheimer's disease, as well as in karyotypically normal Down syndrome, duplication of a subsection of the critical segment of chromosome 21 that is duplicated in Down syndrome may be the genetic defect in Alzheimer's disease.     

植物根系吸水模型的发展动态

综述了自1960年Gardner第1个单根吸水模型建立以来的植物根系吸水模型,对模型加以分类,并对其优缺点和适用性进行了阐述,可供现代节水灌溉的理论和应用研究参考。     

脂肪肝常见中医证型与生化指标的关系分析

目的 探讨常见五种证型不同程度（轻度、中度和重度）脂肪肝与临床指标的关系。方法 选择2014年9月-2016年11月收治的脂肪肝患者208例,按照中医辨证分为肝郁脾虚证68例、湿浊内停证37例、湿热蕴结证47例,脾肾两虚证31例以及痰瘀互结证25例,同期选择健康对照组60例,比较轻度、中度、重度脂肪肝与中医证型之间的占比关系及相关生化指标与中医证型之间的联系。结果 脂肪肝程度从轻到重排序：肝郁脾虚证→湿热蕴结证→湿浊内停证→脾肾两虚证→痰瘀互结证。轻度脂肪肝湿浊内停证中TC、ALT指标外,其余生化指标与对照组比较均明显升高（P<0.05）;四项生化指标（TC、TG、ALT、HOMA-IR）在各中医证型间比较也存在显著差异,痰瘀互结证、脾肾两虚证的TC、TG与其它三证型比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,痰瘀互结证与TC（r=0.14,P=0.00）、TG（r=0.13,P=0.01）有显著相关性;痰瘀互结证、湿热蕴结证ALT升高较其他三证型明显,痰瘀互结证与ALT（r=0.11,P=0.02）有显著相关性;湿热内蕴型HOMA-IR较其它四证型升高明显,湿热内蕴证与HOMA-IR（r=0.14,P=0.02）有显著相关性;痰瘀互结证患者HGB指标有80%高于正常值,湿热蕴结证有72.34%高于正常值,与其它三证比较占比率上升。结论 脂肪肝中医证型与生化指标具有相关性,生化指标的检查结果能有效地帮助临床进行分型诊断,能够为患者病情的发展以及预后提供客观的指标。     

身体运动智能在大学英语阅读课的运用

目前大学英语阅读课堂几乎仍以语言知识讲解传授为重点,这种传统的教学模式让学生觉得缺乏新意,从而对阅读课失去兴趣。多元智能理论中身体运动智能的引入为英语阅读课堂提供了全新的教学思路。     

Antagonism of purified asparaginase from guinea pig serum toward lymphoma

The tumor inhibitory activity of highly purified asparaginase from guinea pig serum toward the Gardner lymphosarcoma in C3H mice was compared with that of the serum itself. The purified enzyme, homogeneous by ultracentrifugation and immunoelectrophoresis, had activity comparable to that of the serum. The serum was also effective in mice which were made immunologically incompetent by radiation with coba't-60.     

Characterization of the supernumerary chromosome in cat eye syndrome

Most individuals with cat eye syndrome (CES) have a supernumerary bisatellited chromosome which, on the basis of cytogenetic evidence, has been reported to originate from either chromosome 13 or 22. To resolve this question, a single-copy DNA probe, D22S9, was isolated and localized to 22q11 by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. The number of copies of this sequence was determined in CES patients by means of Southern blots and densitometry analysis of autoradiographs. In patients with the supernumerary chromosome, four copies were found, whereas in one patient with a duplication of part of chromosome 22, there were three copies. Therefore, the syndrome results from the presence of either three or four copies of DNA sequences from 22q11; there is no evidence that sequences from other chromosomes are involved. This work demonstrates how DNA sequence dosage analysis can be used to study genetic disorders that are not readily amenable to standard cytogenetic analysis.     

颈动脉粥样硬化患者不同中医证型的血脂水平及血清RLP-C、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1含量差异分析研究

目的 研究颈动脉粥样硬化患者不同中医证型的血脂水平及血清脂蛋白残粒（RLP-C）、细胞间黏附分子1（sICAM-1）和血管细胞黏附分子1（sVCAM-1）含量差异。方法 筛选2015年1月至2015年12月就诊于航天中心医院的颈动脉粥样硬化的患者90例设为中医组,同时筛选健康体检者90例设为正常组,取患者晨起空腹静脉血进行检测。观察颈动脉粥样硬化患者痰浊阻遏证、脾肾阳虚证、肝肾阴虚证、阴虚阳亢证以及气滞血瘀证情况,比较不同中医证候类型患者与正常组的血脂水平及其血清RLP-C、sICAM-1及sVCAM-1含量。结果 90例颈动脉粥样硬化患者中,54例为痰浊阻遏证,占总患病人数的60.00%,显著高于脾肾阳虚证、肝肾阴虚证、阴虚阳亢证以及气滞血瘀证患者,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同中医证候类型患者的血清TG、TC和LDL-C水平要高于正常组,而HDL-C含量要低于正常组,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;此外,痰浊阻遏证患者的TG、TC、LDL-C含量高于其他中医证候型患者,而HDL-C含量低于其他中医证候型患者,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同中医证候类型患者的血清RLP-C、sICAM-1及sVCAM-1水平要高于正常组,且痰浊阻遏证患者血清RLP-C、sICAM-1及sVCAM-1水平要高于其他中医证候型患者,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 颈动脉粥样硬化患者主要为痰浊阻遏证候,且颈动脉粥样硬化患者与健康体检者的RLP-C及其相关指标差异显著,其中痰浊阻遏证患者最为明显。     

Hurler's syndrome: demonstration of an inherited disorder of connective tissue in cell culture

Skin fibroblasts from three patients with Hurler's syndrome were grown in tissue culture and shown to contain metachromatic granules when stained for mucopolysaccharides with toluidine blue O. Similar inclusions were observed in cultures of fibroblasts from other members of the families, who appeared to be clinically normal but who were, judged from studies of pedigree, heterozygous or hemizygous for the abnormal gene.     

Reef coral from aldabra: new mode of reproduction

A unique mode of asexual reproduction in recently collected specimens of Goniopora (Scleractinia) is reported. Skeleton is absent from new polyps; the skelton develops independently of the parent colony as the new polyps themselves increase. The young colonies eventually become detached. The cycle seems to be a response to a sandy habitat, a conclusion reached by analogy With Fungia and Manicina.     

Hypomethylation of DNA from benign and malignant human colon neoplasms

The methylation state of DNA from human colon tissue displaying neoplastic growth was determined by means of restriction endonuclease analysis. When compared to DNA from adjacent normal tissue, DNA from both benign colon polyps and malignant carcinomas was substantially hypomethylated. With the use of probes for growth hormone, gamma-globin, alpha-chorionic gonadotropin, and gamma-crystallin, methylation changes were detected in all 23 neoplastic growths examined. Benign polyps were hypomethylated to a degree similar to that in malignant tissue. These results indicate that hypomethylation is a consistent biochemical characteristic of human colonic tumors and is an alteration in the DNA that precedes malignancy.     

Geologic Age from Metamict Minerals

In our article "Mesons Produced by the Cyclotron" (Gardner, E. et al. Science, 1950, 111, 191) there is a typographical error on page 196 in the table near the top of the page. The first entry in the right-hand column reads 28.8 and should read 26.8.     

Isolation of human oncogene sequences (v-fes homolog) from a cosmid library

To define the human homolog (or homologs) of transforming sequences (v-fes gene) common to Gardner (GA) and Snyder Theilen (ST) isolates of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV), a representative library of human lung carcinoma DNA in a cosmid vector system was constructed. Three cosmid clones were isolated containing GA/ST FeSV v-fes homologous cellular sequences, within 32- to 42-kilobase cellular inserts representing 56 kilobases of contiguous human cellular DNA. Sequences both homologous to, and colinear with, GA or ST FeSV v-fes are distributed discontinuously over a region of up to 9.5 kilobases and contain a minimum of three regions of nonhomology representing probable introns. A thymidine kinase selection system was used to show that, upon transfection to RAT-2 cells, the human c-fes sequence lacked detectable transforming activity.     

品种间双列杂交的Gardner-Eberhart模式的参数估计量方差与预测变量方差

本文给出了品种间双列杂交的 Gardner-Eberhart 模式的四个模型分别被接受时参数估计量、参数估计量之差、预测变量、预测变量之差的方差估计公式,并用一个例子作了说明。     

从社会教育模式和心理学看学习动机

学习动机是影响第二语言习得的关键因素之一。作为二语习得的重要理论，Gardner的社会教育模式强调了学习动机的社会性，认为它包含了目标、努力的行为、实现目标的愿望和积极的态度4个方面的内容，将其分为融入型动机和工具型动机。心理学则从学习者出发，强调个体的内部因素，把学习动机视为一个过程，将其划分为内在动机和外在动机。     

三维阴道超声对育龄妇女子宫异常出血的诊断价值

目的探讨三维阴道超声(3D-TVS)对育龄妇女异常子宫出血患者的诊断价值。方法对我院收治的58例育龄妇女子宫异常出血患者进行3D-TVS检查,同时进行三维成像,并与病理检查结果及二维经阴道超声(2D-TVS)结果进行对比分析。结果58例中子宫内膜息肉29例,子宫黏膜下肌瘤11例,宫内节育器(IUD)异常9例,子宫内膜增生过长9例。以病理诊断结果为标准,2D-TVS的诊断符合率为72.4%,3D-TVS的诊断符合率为94.8%,两者差异有统计学意义(X~2=10.641,P<0.01)。结论3D-TVS能直接观察子宫及宫腔病灶的立体形态,能直观显示病灶与内膜、肌层的空间关系,大大提高了诊断的准确率,尤其对宫腔小型病变如黏膜下小肌瘤、内膜息肉的诊断准确率更高。     

Identification of mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene in Alport syndrome

X-linked Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerulonephritis in which progressive loss of kidney function is often accompanied by progressive loss of hearing. Ultrastructural defects in glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of Alport syndrome patients implicate an altered structural protein as the cause of nephritis. The product of COL4A5, the alpha 5(IV) collagen chain, is a specific component of GBM within the kidney, and the gene maps to the same X chromosomal region as does Alport syndrome. Three structural aberrations were found in COL4A5, in intragenic deletion, a Pst I site variant, and an uncharacterized abnormality, which appear to cause nephritis and deafness, with allele-specific severity, in three Alport syndrome kindreds in Utah.     

Direct polyclonal activation of human B lymphocytes by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus

When B lymphocytes from normal human peripheral blood were incubated for 1 hour with the retrovirus that causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the B cells showed marked proliferation and differentiation. Proliferative responses to the virus peaked on day 4 and appeared to be independent of accessory cells. This finding was repeated with three separate viral isolates, one of which was from a patient from Zaire. The magnitude of the observed responses was comparable to that seen with standard polyclonal B-cell activators. This phenomenon may be at least partially responsible for the polyclonal B-cell activation seen in patients with AIDS.