水稻半矮秆基因sdl对农艺性状的影响

比较了从７份半矮秆品种８／高秆品种的Ｂ７Ｆ２中分离的高矮秆近等基因系，ｓｄｌ基因抑制了节间伸长，从基部到倒第１节及穗长分别为高秆的３８．２％、２６．０％、４０．８％、７１．１％和９２．６％，缩短程度逐步减轻。ｓｄｌ基因还可促进有效穗数、结实率和收获指数的提高而使矮秆类型的产量潜力高于高秆类型，但ｓｄｌ工基因并不影响抽穗天数、每穗粒数和干粒重。对ｓｄｌ基因的多效性以及秆高和穗数的关系进行了讨论。     

水稻半矮秆基因sd1对农艺性状的影响

比较了从7份半矮秆品种／高秆品种的B₇F₂中分离的高矮秆近等基因系,sd1基因抑制了节间伸长,从基部到倒第1节及穗长分别为高秆的38. 2%, 26. 0%, 48. 0%, 71. 1%和 92. 6%,缩短程度逐步减轻。sd1基因还可促进有效穗数、结实率和收获指数的提高而使矮秆类型的产量潜力高于高秆类型,但sd1基因并不影响抽穗天数、每穗粒数和千粒重。对sd1基因的多效性以及秆高和穗数的关系进行了讨论。     

籼稻标记性状近等基因系的构建

 选用涉及水稻全部12染色体的，表现简单遗传且易于通过且易于通过目测识别鉴定的形态标记材料27份，以早籼品种浙辐802为轮回亲本，通过3－4次回交，转育成了一套籼型标记性状近等基因系，该套材料除所标记性状外，生育期，株高，分蘖力和穗子大小等农艺性状与轮回亲本基本相仿。     

矮秆基因对小麦不同农艺性状的影响

矮秆基因不仅降低株高，而且在许多情况下也影响其它农艺性状。利用小麦品种丰抗8号，北京841和京411遗传背景的近等基因系，研究矮秆基因对农艺性状的影响，结果表明：Rht10,Rht12延迟小麦抽穗期，Rht1b在丰抗8号背景下抽穗较迟，Rht1,Rht1s,Rht2和Rht3基因对轴抽穗期无影响；矮秆基因在降低株高的同时一般也降低单株生物产量，但含有Rht1,Rht1s,Rht1b,Rht2基因的矮秆系与对应的高秆系相比单株生物产量差异不显著，单株粒重差异也不显著，单株生物量的降低主要表现为秸秆重量的减少。含有Rht3,Rht10和Rht12基因的矮秆系与高秆系相比，单株生物量，单株籽粒产量和收获指数显著降低。     

小麦等基因系及其应用

本文评述了等基因系的概念，以实例说明了产生小麦等基因系的途径和方法，综术了利用等基因系组建多系品种，研究单基因效应，探讨个别性状对产量的影响和贡献等方面的研究进展。     

Rht12矮秆基因在不育系繁殖中的应用研究

为了解决小麦矮秆不育系的繁殖问题，使半矮秆杂种小麦尽快投入生产应用，利用中国农业大学从德国引入的Rht12矮秆系与江苏省小麦推广品种杂交和回交，育成了适合江苏省南部种植的Rht12矮秆系及其T型细胞质雄性不育系。由同一品种转育的Rht12矮秆系，其株高变动于50～90cm之间；不同株高的Rht12矮秆系可以配制出不同株高的杂种F1。在拔节期至穗期喷施50～100mg/kg的赤霉酸溶液，可以使Rht12矮秆系的株高显著增加。在不育系种子繁殖区内，喷施50mg/kg的赤霉酸溶液，保持系株高由65cm增加到90cm，不育系植株的异交结实率由对照的20.2%增加到60.4%，从而显著地提高了不育系种子产量。株高的差异也能在收获时防止保持系种子混入不育系中，从而可以确保不育系种子的纯度。本文还讨论了如何解决Rht12矮秆系所存在的晚熟性和早枯等不良性状问题。     

小麦等基因系及其应用

本文评述了等基因系的概念，以实例说明了产生小麦等基因系的途径和方法，综述了利用等基因系组建多系品种、研究单基因效应、探讨个别性状对产量的影响和贡献等方面的研究进展。     

水稻显性半矮秆基因对株高表达的影响及其对GA3的敏感性

对具有显性半矮秆基因的6对高矮秆近等基因系的株高表达特性进行了比较。水稻显性半矮秆基因抑制了茎秆节间的伸长,矮秆系倒4～5、3、2、1节及穗长分别为高秆系的97.2%、53.3%、65.1%、61.9%和94.7%。通过对Y98149（突变体）和Y98148（野生型）在苗期和成株期对GA3反应的研究,发现Y98149较Y98148对外源赤霉素更敏感;内源赤霉素测定结果显示显性半矮秆突变体内源赤霉素含量较低,是野生型的78%。     

Genetic Identification of a New Small Grain Dwarf Gene in Rice

The plant material used in the study was rice line 162d, a new small grain dwarf mutant. Polymorphic analysis of 221 SSR loci demonstrated that 162d derived from a semidwarf variety Shuhui 162 through mutation, and 162d and Shuhui 162 were just a pair of near isogenic lines. Genetic analysis of F1 and F2 populations suggested that dwarfism in 162d was controlled by a single recessive gene. Phenotypic characteristics of the mutant gene were that plant height was about a quarter of normal height, grain size about a quarter of normal size, leaf was short and broad, and seed setting rate was very low,compared with the near isogenic line Shuhui 162. The mutant gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA3) treatment and did not located on the region near the centromere of rice chromosome 5, where dl gene located. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant gene of 162d was a new small grain dwarf gene in rice.     

应用剩余杂合体衍生的近等基因系分解水稻产量性状QTL

以杂合区间为RM587-RM402的水稻剩余杂合体（RHL）衍生群体为材料,应用SSR标记检测,筛选到杂合区间分别为RM587-RM225、RM204-RM6119和RM6119-RM402的3个单株,进一步检测其F2群体,分别获得母本纯合型材料10株、父本纯合型材料10株和杂合型材料20株。种植这3套近等基因系材料,考查单株产量及其构成因子每株穗数、每穗实粒数和千粒重。经应用目标区间内等位基因效应分析和交迭重组染色体片段代换系分析,分解出3个控制每穗实粒数的QTL和2个控制单株产量的QTL,这些QTL分别位于物理距离为0.66 ~ 2.49 Mb的区间中,全部表现为加性作用为主,增效等位基因除qNFGP6 1来自父本密阳46外,其余均来自母本珍汕97B。提出了构建新型遗传材料,提高水稻QTL精细定位效率的策略。     

Genetic Identification of a New Small Grain Dwarf Gene in Rice

The plant material used in the study was rice line 162d, a new small grain dwarf mutant. Polymorphic analysis of 221 SSR loci demonstrated that 162d derived from a semidwarf variety Shuhui 162 through mutation, and 162d and Shuhui 162 were just a pair of near isogenic lines. Genetic analysis of Fl and F2 populations suggested that dwarfism in 162d was controlled by a single recessive gene. Phenotypic characteristics of the mutant gene were that plant height was about a quarter of normal height, grain size about a quarter of normal size, leaf was short and broad, and seed setting rate was very low,compared with the near isogenic line Shuhui 162. The mutant gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA3) treatment and did not located on the region near the centromere of rice chromosome 5, where dl gene located. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant gene of 162d was a new small grain dwarf gene in rice.     

一个新的水稻小粒矮秆突变基因的遗传鉴定

水稻品系162d是一个新发现的水稻小粒矮秆突变体。通过对221个SSR标记位点的多态性分析证明162d是由蜀恢162突变产生的,162d和蜀恢162是一对近等基因系。对F1和F2代的遗传分析表明162d的矮生性由一对隐性基因控制。该基因的表型特点是株高为正常高度的1/4左右,籽粒为正常大小的1/4左右,结实很差,叶短而宽。该基因对赤霉素GA[sub]3[/sub]敏感,不位于d1基因所在的水稻第5染色体着丝点附近区域。因此,认为162d突变基因是一个新的水稻小粒矮秆基因。     

水稻果皮色泽近等基因系的构建及近等性评价

 以紫香糯和春江糯2号为亲本,利用F2、BC1F1和F3分离群体对果皮色泽性状进行遗传分析,并构建了7对果皮色泽近等基因系。遗传分析结果表明紫香糯果皮的色泽性状由两对互补基因控制。对7对近等基因系进行的性状相似性和遗传背景的SSR分子标记检测结果表明,近等基因系间在农艺性状上除了千粒重外,其他性状差异均不显著。利用34对亲本间多态性SSR分子标记,发现5对黑、白近等基因系仅在目标基因区段检测到了多态性标记,近等性比较理想;2对黑、褐近等基因系除了目标区段外,还分别在第11、12染色体检测到了多态性标记,近等性较差。     

Construction of Near Isogenic Lines for Pericarp Color and Evaluation on Their Near isogenicity in Rice

The inheritance of purple pericarp was studied through genetic analysis using F2, BC1F1 and F3 from a cross between a purple pericarp rice variety Zixiangnuo and a white pericarp rice variety Chunjiangnuo 2. Seven pairs of near isogenic lines (NILs) for pericarp color of rice were further constructed. Genetic analysis indicated that the purple pericarp was controlled by two complementary genes (Pb and Pp). Agronomic trait analysis and polymorphism analysis using SSR markers on these seven pairs of NILs were used in the evaluation of near-isogenicity. No significant differences in agronomic traits were found except 1000-grain weight between the NILs. The polymorphic SSR markers for the parents were only detected in target segments of the five pairs of NILs different in Pb, which revealed the ideal near isogenicity of them. However, for the two pairs of NILs different in Pp, the polymorphic markers for the two parents were detected as well as in non-targeted segments of chromosomes 11 and 12, respectively.     

Dissection of QTLs for Yield Traits Using Near Isogenic Lines Derived from Residual Heterozygous Lines in Rice

Three residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) carrying heterozygous segments in the intervals RM587-RM225, RM204-RM6119 and RM6119-RM402 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6, respectively, were selected from a rice population derived from an RHL for the interval RM587-RM402. Ten maternal homozygotes, 10 paternal homozygotes and 20 heterozygotes were selected from each of the F2 populations derived from the three RHLs. The three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) were grown to detect the grain yield per plant, n...     

利用剩余杂合体衍生的近等基因系精细定位水稻粒长微效QTL qGL1.1

【目的】本研究旨在对前期在水稻第1染色体长臂521.8 kb的区间内定位到的q TGW1.1b进行精细定位。【方法】从qTGW1.1和qTGW1.2所在区间分别呈杂合的2个BC2F9单株配组衍生的F4群体中,筛选到Wn28826-RM1231区间内杂合片段呈梯系排列的3个单株,构建了3套F5:6近等基因系。2017年种植于浙江杭州,考查千粒重、粒长和粒宽。利用SAS软件的GLM程序进行双因素方差分析,对qTGW1.1b的效应进行了验证。在此基础上,筛选出杂合片段更小且呈交迭排列的6个剩余杂合体,发展了6套F8:9近等基因系,2018年种植于海南陵水。对每套近等基因系中双亲基因型株系的表型差异进行双因素方差分析。【结果】qTGW1.1b在2个试验中对粒长和千粒重均呈极显著差异,效应方向一致且大小稳定。密阳46等位基因能分别增加粒长0.027 mm和提高千粒重0.17 g,贡献率分别达到27.12%和19.09%。【结论】鉴于qTGW1.1b在前后试验中对粒长影响最为显著,而对粒宽作用不显著,故将qTGW1.1b重新命名为qGL1.1。通过比较各套近等基因系的分离区间的基因组位置,最终将qGL1.1定位于Wn29077和Wn29154之间约76.8 kb的区间内。