玉米蛋白磷酸酶2C基因ZmPP2C26两个可变剪接体的功能分析

【目的】探讨蛋白磷酸酶2C在植物生长发育和逆境抗性中的作用。【方法】利用逆转录PCR扩增玉米蛋白磷酸酶2C基因ZmPP2C26的两个可变剪接体,用生物信息学工具预测其推导蛋白的特性后,转化野生型拟南芥,并进行功能验证和亚细胞定位。【结果】在较短剪接体中切除的213nt第一内含子,在较长剪接体中被保留。第一个内含子的剪接位点为5′-CC..CG-3′,与植物中通常的组成型剪接位点5′-GT..AG-3′不同。保留内含子及其侧翼序列的G/C含量较高,相当于其他内含子及其侧翼序列的2倍。两个剪接体在野生型拟南芥中的异源表达均可增加其对干旱胁迫的敏感性。两个剪接体推导蛋白的预测三维结构均与PP2C相似,较长剪接体保留内含子编码的71个冗余氨基酸序列保持随机螺旋状态,预测为叶绿体定位信号肽。绿色荧光蛋白标记法定位表明,较长剪接体定位于细胞核、细胞膜和细胞器,而较短剪接体定位于细胞核和细胞膜。【结论】ZmPP2C26基因转录后加工过程中发生内含子保留型可变剪接。第一个内含子的保留没有改变其编码蛋白的PP2C功能,但有可能使其作用由细胞核和细胞膜延伸至叶绿体。     

4种新型蛋白激酶C同工酶在不同肾小球疾病中的表达

目的 探讨4种新型蛋白激酶C同工酶(PKC-δ、-ε、-η-θ)在肾小球疾病中的作用.方法 收集50例肾小球疾病(肾小球轻微病变、膜性肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化症、IgA肾病、狼疮性肾炎)患者肾活检标本及6例正常肾组织,免疫组化检测PKC-δ、-ε、-η-θ表达.结果 病变肾组织中PKC-δ、-ε、-η、-θ表达部位与正常肾组织相同.PKC-δ在狼疮性肾炎肾小球中表达高于正常肾组织(P＜0.01),而病变肾组织中PKC-ε、-η、-θ表达与正常肾组织差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PKC-δ、-ε和-θ可能参与肾小球损伤和肾小管间质纤维化,而PKC-η可能仅参与肾小球损伤.     

Cl- channels in CF: lack of activation by protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase

Secretory chloride channels can be activated by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase in normal airway epithelial cells but not in cells from individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). In excised, inside-out patches of apical membrane of normal human airway cells and airway cells from three patients with CF, the chloride channels exhibited a characteristic outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation and depolarization-induced activation. Channels from normal tissues were activated by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. However, chloride channels from CF patients could not be activated by either kinase. Thus, gating of normal epithelial chloride channels is regulated by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, and regulation by both kinases is defective in CF.     

草鱼CC趋化因子基因CCL24及其可变剪接

CC趋化因子是一类能够促进动物体内炎症部位的各种白细胞的补充、激活和黏附的趋化性细胞因子家族,是鱼类天然免疫系统的重要组成部分。分析了从草鱼肠道cDNA文库中筛选到的CC趋化因子基因CCL24,并克隆了阅读框区域内的基因组序列。序列分析表明,CCL24基因由4个外显子和3个内含子组成;外显子拼接的序列与CCL24cDNA序列完全一致,编码95个氨基酸,有2个相邻的半胱氨酸(CC),为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员。此外,还发现草鱼CCL24基因存在可变剪接现象,第1内含子没有被剪切掉的非正常转录本翻译后可能产生没有CC趋化因子活性的24个氨基酸的短肽,而且这种转录本在精巢、头肾、皮肤、肝胰脏、肠道、肌肉、肾脏等组织均检测到;而正常剪接的CCL24转录本,仅在肾脏和肠道中检测到,且其表达量要明显低于非正常剪接的转录本。     

草鱼CC趋化因子基因CCL24及其可变剪接

CC趋化因子是一类能够促进动物体内炎症部位的各种白细胞的补充、激活和黏附的趋化性细胞因子家族,是鱼类天然免疫系统的重要组成部分。分析了从草鱼肠道cDNA文库中筛选到的CC趋化因子基因CCL24,并克隆了阅读框区域内的基因组序列。序列分析表明,CCL24基因由4个外显子和3个内含子组成;外显子拼接的序列与CCL24cDNA序列完全一致,编码95个氨基酸,有2个相邻的半胱氨酸(CC),为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员。此外,还发现草鱼CCL24基因存在可变剪接现象,第1内含子没有被剪切掉的非正常转录本翻译后可能产生没有CC趋化因子活性的24个氨基酸的短肽,而且这种转录本在精巢、头肾、皮肤、肝胰脏、肠道、肌肉、肾脏等组织均检测到;而正常剪接的CCL24转录本,仅在肾脏和肠道中检测到,且其表达量要明显低于非正常剪接的转录本。     

Studies and perspectives of protein kinase C

Protein kinase C, an enzyme that is activated by the receptor-mediated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, relays information in the form of a variety of extracellular signals across the membrane to regulate many Ca2+-dependent processes. At an early phase of cellular responses, the enzyme appears to have a dual effect, providing positive forward as well as negative feedback controls over various steps of its own and other signaling pathways, such as the receptors that are coupled to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and those of some growth factors. In biological systems, a positive signal is frequently followed by immediate negative feedback regulation. Such a novel role of this protein kinase system seems to give a logical basis for clarifying the biochemical mechanism of signal transduction, and to add a new dimension essential to our understanding of cell-to-cell communication.     

豚鼠ESR2基因新的可变剪接体克隆及序列分析

[目的]对豚鼠雌激素受体2(ESR2)基因进行克隆及序列分析,并预测分析其编码的蛋白序列,为提高豚鼠产仔性能及其育种打下基础.[方法]根据GenBank已公布的豚鼠ESR2基因序列(登录号XM003472337)设计引物,以豚鼠卵巢组织总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增ESR2基因编码区序列(CDS),利用生物信息学分析其编码蛋白氨基酸的组成及理化性质、二级结构及与相关物种的同源性.[结果]克隆获得的豚鼠ESR2基因CDS长度为1650bp,编码549个氨基酸,比参照序列(XM 003472337)少54个碱基,是ESR基因新的可变剪接体,且第7外显子缺失;蛋白质二级结构预测结果表明,豚鼠ESR2成熟肽包含α螺旋、β折叠和无规卷曲3种二级结构元件,由于缺失18个氨基酸导致蛋白质结构发生变异;同源性分析结果显示,豚鼠与长尾龙猫、奥氏更格卢鼠、马、达马拉鼹鼠、裸鼢鼠、鼠狐猴、八齿鼠、猪和人的ESR2基因序列同源性分别为91%、87%、86%、91%、92%、86%、88%、92%和86%.[结论]克隆获得的豚鼠ESR2基因为新的可变剪接体,可作为研究豚鼠产仔性能及豚鼠育种重要的候选基因之一.     

The snoRNA HBII-52 regulates alternative splicing of the serotonin receptor 2C

The Prader-Willi syndrome is a congenital disease that is caused by the loss of paternal gene expression from a maternally imprinted region on chromosome 15. This region contains a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), HBII-52, that exhibits sequence complementarity to the alternatively spliced exon Vb of the serotonin receptor 5-HT(2C)R. We found that HBII-52 regulates alternative splicing of 5-HT(2C)R by binding to a silencing element in exon Vb. Prader-Willi syndrome patients do not express HBII-52. They have different 5-HT(2C)R messenger RNA (mRNA) isoforms than healthy individuals. Our results show that a snoRNA regulates the processing of an mRNA expressed from a gene located on a different chromosome, and the results indicate that a defect in pre-mRNA processing contributes to the Prader-Willi syndrome.     

Regulation of a heart potassium channel by protein kinase A and C

The enzymes adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) and protein kinase C regulate the activity of a diverse group of cellular proteins including membrane ion channel proteins. When protein kinase A was stimulated in cardiac ventricular myocytes with the membrane-soluble cAMP analog 8-chlorphenylthio cAMP (8-CPT cAMP), the amplitude of the delayed-rectifier potassium current (IK) doubled when recorded at 32 degrees C but was not affected at 22 degrees C. In contrast, modulation of the calcium current (ICa) by 8-CPT cAMP was independent of temperature with similar increases in ICa occurring at both temperatures. Stimulation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate also enhanced IK in a temperature-dependent manner but failed to increase ICa at either temperature. Thus, cardiac delayed-rectifier potassium but not calcium channels are regulated by two distinct protein kinases in a similar temperature-dependent fashion.     

二穗短柄草钙依赖型蛋白激酶基因 BdCDPK14克隆及表达分析

[目的]克隆分析二穗短柄草钙依赖型蛋白激酶(CDPK)基因BdCDPK14,并检测其在干旱胁迫下的表达量,为揭示钙依赖型蛋白激酶的抗旱调控机制打下基础.[方法]根据NCBI检索结果设计特异引物,以二穗短柄草cDNA为模板,采用PCR扩增二穗短柄草CDPK基因家族成员BdCDPK14,利用在线分析软件对BdCDPK14基因编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析,并采用RT-PCR检测PEG-6000干旱胁迫下的BdCDPK14基因表达量.[结果]从二穗短柄草叶片中克隆获得的BdCDPK14基因(GenBank登录号XM_003564390)片段长度1750 bp,其开放阅读框(ORF)1545 bp,编码514个氨基酸,其编码蛋白分子量56.78 kD,理论等电点5.45,脂肪指数78.21,不稳定指数38.66,属于稳定蛋白.BdCDPK14蛋白与小麦TaCPK13蛋白(ABY59018)的亲缘关系最近,含有4个EF-hands结构、蛋白酪氨酸激酶结构域、脂多糖激酶家族、ATP结合区域、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶激活区和预测跨膜区等结构域,主要由无规卷曲和α-螺旋构成,位于叶绿体和细胞质膜上.在PEG-6000干旱胁迫下,BdCDPK14基因在胁迫3 h内的相对表达量无明显变化,胁迫6 h后相对表达量开始升高,至胁迫12 h时的相对表达量最高.[结论]克隆获得的BdCDPK14基因为二穗短柄草CDPK基因家族成员之一,参与其抗干旱胁迫反应,可作为候选基因用于二穗短柄草抗旱机制研究.     

马身猪ZNF280D基因新型剪接体的鉴定及生物信息学分析

[目的]本试验旨在探究马身猪中锌指蛋白(zinc finger protein)ZNF280D基因的剪接体类型。[方法]在猪转录组测序对ZNF280D基因剪切位置预测的基础上,采用RT-PCR和克隆测序技术对预测的剪切位点进行验证,检测该基因不同剪接体的结构并进行生物信息学分析。[结果]共检测到2个剪接体,分别是ZNF280D1和ZNF280D2,ZNF280D1为该基因的常规转录本,ZNF280D2第8外显子5'端大部分缺失。ZNF280D1含有3个C2H2型锌指结构域,属tC2H2型锌指蛋白,ZNF280 D2含有4个C2H2型锌指结构域,属maC2H2型锌指蛋白。[结论]ZNF280D2与DNA的亲和力大于ZNF280D1。     

A yeast gene that is essential for release from glucose repression encodes a protein kinase

The SNF1 gene plays a central role in carbon catabolite repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, namely that SNF1 function is required for expression of glucose-repressible genes. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned SNF1 gene was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence shows that SNF1 encodes a 72,040-dalton polypeptide that has significant homology to the conserved catalytic domain of mammalian protein kinases. Specific antisera were prepared and used to identify the SNF1 protein. The protein was shown to transfer phosphate from adenosine triphosphate to serine and threonine residues in an in vitro autophosphorylation reaction. These findings indicate that SNF1 encodes a protein kinase and suggest that protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulation by carbon catabolite repression in eukaryotic cells.     

Photoreceptor deactivation and retinal degeneration mediated by a photoreceptor-specific protein kinase C

The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine-threonine kinases has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of signaling cascades. One member of this family, eye-PKC, is expressed exclusively in the Drosophila visual system. The inaC (inactivation-no-afterpotential C) locus was shown to be the structural gene for eye-PKC. Analysis of the light response from inaC mutants showed that this kinase is required for the deactivation and rapid desensitization of the visual cascade. Light adaptation was also defective in inaC mutant flies. In flies carrying the retinal degeneration mutation rdgB, absence of eye-PKC suppressed photoreceptor cell degeneration. These results indicate that eye-PKC functions in the light-dependent regulation of the phototransduction cascade in Drosophila.     

Expression of the pX gene of HTLV-I: general splicing mechanism in the HTLV family

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is an etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia. A viral gene pX encodes for p40X and it has been proposed that this protein trans-activates the viral long terminal repeat and possibly some cellular genes; this activation may be associated with T-cell transformation. The mechanism of pX gene expression and the primary structure of p40X are now reported. Two-step splicing generates the 2.1-kilobase pX mRNA; the initiator methionine for env becomes part of the pX protein. These splicing signals are conserved among all members of the HTLV family except for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated viruses.     

Lysosphingolipids inhibit protein kinase C: implications for the sphingolipidoses

Lysosphingolipids potently and reversibly inhibited protein kinase C activity and binding of phorbol dibutyrate in vitro and in human platelets. As with activation of protein kinase C by phosphatidylserine and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol, inhibition was subject to surface dilution. Accordingly, inhibition in mixed micelle assays was dependent on the molar percentage of lysosphingolipids rather than the bulk concentration. Lysosphingolipids inhibited protein kinase C activity at molar percentages similar to those required for activation by phosphatidylserine and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol. Since lysosphingolipids accumulate in Krabbe's disease, Gaucher's disease, and other sphingolipidoses, the hypothesis that lysosphingolipid inhibition of protein kinase C represents the missing functional link between the accumulation of sphingolipids and the pathogenesis of these disorders appears to unify existing data. The accumulation of lysosphingolipids would cause progressive dysfunction of signal transduction mechanisms vital for neural transmission, differentiation, development, and proliferation and would eventually lead to cell death.     

青花菜钙依赖蛋白激酶基因BoCDPK1的克隆与表达

钙依赖蛋白激酶(calcium-dependent protein kinase,CDPK)为Ca²⁺传感蛋白,在植物生长发育和逆境响应中起着重要作用。在克隆青花菜BoCDPK1基因的基础上,开展序列分析、系统发育分析和表达分析,为后续的基因功能鉴定和抗逆育种奠定基础。该研究以青花菜为材料,利用PCR法克隆1个CDPK基因,利用生物信息学对序列进行分析,并采用qRT-PCR研究该基因在霜霉菌和核盘菌侵染下的表达模式。测序结果表明,BoCDPK1的基因组DNA全长为2 414 bp,具6个内含子,编码区全长为1 647 bp,编码548个氨基酸;BoCDPK1有1个S_TKc和4个EF手性结构域。多序列比对结果表明,BoCDPK1与芸薹属植物同源序列的相似性最高,仅个别氨基酸残基存在差异,它们在系统发育树上聚于一组。qRT-PCR结果表明,BoCDPK1的表达受霜霉菌和核盘菌的诱导,表达量均呈现先上升后下降的规律。在霜霉菌的诱导下,BoCDPK1的表达量在72 h达最大值,为对照的3.4倍;而在核盘菌侵染下,BoCDPK1的表达量在36 h达最大...     

肌肉生长发育可变剪接研究进展

为了解动物肌肉生长发育可变剪接调控过程最新研究,本文对近年来人、小鼠和其他多种动物肌肉生长发育的可变剪接调控的相关研究进行了整理与分析,总结了肌肉生长发育可变剪接的发生、调控蛋白多样性的分子机制、人和动物的肌肉发育过程中可变剪接的调控研究进展及可变剪接的数据量化方法.结果 表明:肌肉是表现出最高水平的组织特异性和保守可...     

菊花上2种病毒的检测及其部分外壳蛋白基因序列分析

采集昆明地区花卉基地和公园的269份菊花样品,调查并分析侵染菊花的番茄不孕病毒(Tomatoaspermy virus,TAV)和菊花B病毒(Chrysanthemum virus B,CVB)的发病状况。ELISA和RT-PCR检测结果表明,TAV和CVB在菊花植株上的发病率分别为4.62%和16.70%。对3个TAV分离物和8个CVB分离物的外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因的部分序列进行测定,并分别与GenBank登录的TAV和CVB序列进行比对和系统进化分析,结果显示各TAV分离物的CP基因核苷酸序列同源性为85.04%～98.02%。在系统进化树中聚集的2个簇中,昆明分离物都在同一簇。CVB的CP基因存在较明显的序列变异,核苷酸序列同源性为75.09%～84.99%,在系统进化树中聚为3个簇,昆明分离物均集中在同一簇。