福安市社口镇茶园土壤重金属含量与安全质量评价

测定了福安市社口镇茶场等6个茶园土壤砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、汞（Hg）和铅（Pb）的含量,并结合无公害、有机茶园土壤环境标准和茶园土壤污染分级标准,采用单因子污染指数法和Nemerow污染指数法进行污染评价。结果表明,社口镇茶园土壤环境质量良好,符合无公害茶园土壤环境标准,6个茶园土壤的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg和Pb单项污染指数均小于1.0,综合污染指数也都小于0.7;参照有机茶园土壤环境标准,除吉洋村茶园土壤的Pb单项污染指数略大于1.0外,其余茶园土壤的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg和Pb单项污染指数均小于1.0,吉洋村和山里村茶园的综合污染指数介于0.7-1.0之间、为警戒级,其它茶园土壤的综合污染指数都小于0.7,符合有机茶园土壤质量标准。     

海南省万宁市水稻土重金属污染的初步研究

为调查万宁市水稻田土壤的重金属污染状况, 在该地区 12 个乡镇的典型土壤中采集了 19 个混合土壤样本, 并对各土壤样本中的重金属元素 Hg、 Cd、 Cr、 Pb 和 As 的含量进行了测定。 依据国家土壤环境质量二级标准, 用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价土壤重金属的污染程度。 结果表明： 各乡镇水稻土壤均未受到重金属 Hg、 Cd、 Cr、 Pb 和 As 的污染; 从全市范围来看, 综合污染指数仅为 0.22, 说明全市水稻土壤环境清洁, 处于安全水平。     

琼海市水稻土重金属污染现状及评价

在琼海市12个乡镇的典型土壤中采集21个混合土壤样本,并对各土壤样本中重金属元素Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb和As的含量进行测定,以了解琼海市水稻土重金属含量及污染现状。依据国家土壤环境质量二级标准,采用单项污染指数法以及内梅罗综合污染指数法评价土壤中重金属的污染程度。结果表明：琼海市水稻土各重金属元素的平均含量均小于二级标准值;表层土壤Pb和Hg、Pb和Cd、As和Cd、As和Pb之间存在显著相关性(P＜0.01);从单项污染指数来看,除了大路镇存在Cr元素轻度污染外,其他各乡镇均未受到重金属Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb和As的污染;从全市范围来看,仅有大路镇为警戒级程度,其他11个乡镇安全清洁,全市的综合污染指数仅为0.32,说明全市水稻土环境质量状况整体清洁,处于安全水平。     

云南部分古茶园土壤重金属元素的监测与评价

对10个云南古茶园(种植年限为百年、数百年甚至千年)50个土壤样品的金属元素As、Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn和Se的含量进行测定,研究其分布特征和变化规律,并用污染指数方法评价其土壤环境质量.结果表明:云南古茶园土壤Fe和Mn含量较高,Se含量较低,Pb(10.7～33.5 mg/kg),Hg(0.030～0.148 mg/kg),Cd (0.033～0.120 mg/kg),Zn (21.4～87.3 mg/kg)均达到国家土壤环境质量一级标准;Cr(15.4～98.5 mg/kg),As(12.2～33.1 mg/kg),Cu(13.6～43.4 mg/kg)均达到国家土壤环境质量二级标准.根据土壤环境质量二级标准评价古茶园土壤重金属综合污染状况,所有古茶园综合污染指数小于0.7,表明古茶区土壤属于清洁水平,未受重金属污染,满足有机茶园环境条件,适合建设有机茶园.     

贵州某茶叶种植区土壤重金属含量及环境质量评价

以贵州某茶叶基地为研究对象,对土壤中重金属Pb、As、Cd、Cr、Cu的含量进行测定,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对其污染程度进行评价。结果表明:Pb、As、Cd、Cr、Cu的含量均值均低于无公害茶园土壤环境质量限量标准,除Pb元素外,As、Cd、Cr、Cu的含量均值均低于贵州省土壤背景值;Pb的平均污染程度为轻污染,As、Cd、Cr、Cu的平均污染均为无污染水平;土壤重金属的综合污染指数Pn均值为0.94,整体处于清洁无污染程度,其整体环境质量通过适当调控适宜建立无公害绿色茶园。     

珠三角主要工业区周边蔬菜产地土壤重金属污染调查分析

采集珠三角地区主要工业区周边蔬菜产地土壤,研究土壤中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)5种重金属的含量与分布特征。参照国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中的二级标准,采用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法,对其重金属污染现状进行评价。结果表明：232份土壤样品中,Cd、Hg、As、Cr的超标率分别为45.06%、7.73%、5.15%和1.29%,未见Pb超标;37.34%的土壤受到不同程度的污染,Cd污染情况最为严重,Hg污染次之;土壤污染以单一重金属污染为主,未出现3种及以上重金属复合污染。各地污染状况呈现区域差异,东莞地区受污染的样品比例较大,珠海和广州的污染情况相对较轻。该区域的土壤重金属污染形势不容乐观,其可能给农业生产带来的风险应引起重视。     

三明市郊区农产品产地土壤环境质量评价

以三明市郊区茶园、耕地、果园及菜地4种不同农产品土壤为调查对象,通过分析土壤中重金属含量,采用单项质量指数与综合质量指数相结合的方法评价了不同土地利用下的土壤环境质量状况。结果表明,三明市郊区农产品基地土壤重金属的平均含量均低于"HJ332-2006"(食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准)规定的限值,单项污染指数和综合污染指数均小于0.7,综合评价均为1级,土壤环境质量属于清洁,适宜发展无公害农产品。同时发现,部分基地的土壤中重金属含量有超标现象,4种农产品产地均出现部分取样品Cd含量超标情况;茶园、水稻田、蔬菜地均出现部分样品Pb含量超标;水稻田、果园、蔬菜3种基地部分取样品Hg含量超标;茶叶产地、水果产地出现部分样品Cu含量超标。大部分取样点土壤重金属均高于福建省土壤重金属背景值,表明在监测点土壤中存地重金属污染风险。     

青岛市花生产地土壤环境质量的现状分析

对青岛市花生产地土壤重金属Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的含量进行了调查分析,并采用单项质量指数与综合质量指数相结合的方法对环境质量状况进行了评价。结果表明各重金属的平均含量均低于“食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准”（HJ 332-2006）规定的限值,土壤环境质量定为1级,属于清洁水平,适宜发展无公害花生。但莱西一个监测点的土壤样品重金属Cu、Ni含量超标。若以国家土壤自然背景值为标准,Cu的超标率增加了将近3倍,表明Cu在土壤中已经产生了一定的积累。Hg与As的含量呈显著负相关（P ＜0.05）,Hg和Ni、Cr与Cu之间呈显著正相关（P ＜ 0.05）,其它元素之间的相关性未达到显著水平。推测个别元素超标的情况仅属于点源污染,不会引起复合污染。青岛市3个花生优势产区莱西、平度、即墨土壤重金属的环境质量均属于1级,适宜作为无公害花生的生产基地。     

海口市城郊蔬菜基地重金属含量分布与评价

采集了海口市城郊3大蔬菜基地8种叶菜类蔬菜共153个代表样及其相应的根系土样品,以土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)和食品安全标准(GB2762-2012)为土壤和蔬菜中重金属限量标准,用 Nemerow综合污染指数和Hakanson潜在生态指数2种评价方法对其进行了评价。结果表明,基地土壤的重金属有效性不大,属于安全、轻微生态危害水平,但Cd的生物潜在有效性较高,对农作物污染风险大。蔬菜对土壤中重金属的富集能力大小为Zn＞Cd＞Cu＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cr。所有蔬菜样品中的重金属含量除了Cd外均无超标,其中旱菜Cd超标最严重,超标率达70%,超标倍数最高为0.21。     

长春地区土壤中重金属含量及其在玉米子粒中的积累规律

对长春地区部分农田土壤及玉米中重金属含量进行调查和分析。结果表明,研究区域内土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 8种重金属含量符合土壤环境质量标准的要求;相应地块玉米中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 7种重金属含量符合粮食重金属元素限量要求,达到食用标准;土壤和玉米中Pb、Cd、Hg含量相关性不显著,Ni、Cr、As含量相关性显著,Cu、Zn含量相关性极显著。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.