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稻水象甲Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel。发生分布在美国、加拿大、墨西哥、古巴、日本、多米尼加、哥伦比亚、圭亚那、朝鲜等国家。它以幼虫和成虫危害水稻,是一种危险的检疫性害虫。为配合我国检疫及防治工作开展,防止稻水象甲的传播 相似文献
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稻水象甲传播途径研究(一) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1988年6月,首次在我国河北省唐海县爆发了水稻重要害虫稻水象甲,Lis-sorhoptrusoryzophilusKuschel,立即引起国务院、农业部、国家科委领导高度重视,迅速成立了稻水象甲研究课题组,对稻水象甲的检疫检验技术、发生规律、防治和处理方法开展了专题研究。通过田间调查、对寄主植物及其产品的跟踪调查、室内饲养、成虫飞翔期交通工具携虫可能性等多方面的实验研究。本文分四部分重点论述稻水象甲的人为传播途径,为查明它的传播规律、行进方向和路线提供了重要科学依据 相似文献
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不同药剂防治稻水象甲成虫田间药效试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
稻水象甲是一种重要的检疫性水稻害虫.被国际自然保护联盟列为全球最具威胁性的外来人侵生物之一,是水稻生产的一大潜在威胁。通过开展不同药剂防治稻水象甲成虫田间药效试验,探明不同药剂对稻水象甲的防治效果,筛选高效、低毒、低残留的农药,为稻水象甲的防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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昆虫病原线虫防治稻水象甲成虫的室内测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel)是世界性的检疫性害虫,主要以幼虫在稻根隐蔽为害,是较难防治的害虫之一。该虫具有营孤雌生殖、潜水性强、越冬成虫死亡率低、成虫多食性等特性,有利于其扩散和传播。目前,稻水象甲的防治主要以化学防治为主。在生物防治方面,国内外主要在球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)和绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)对稻水象甲的致病力及田间致病力等方面进行了研究。 相似文献
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从稻水象甲生物学和生态学特性看其对江西水稻生产安全的威胁 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
稻水象甲是水稻上的一种重要害虫。许多国家都将其列为检疫对象。我国自1988年发现该虫至今已有数省市出现分布,但江西尚未发生。本文从生物学和生态学角度探讨了稻水象申对我省水稻生产安全所构成的威胁并提出了检疫对策。 相似文献
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白翅叶蝉Erythroneura subrufa(Motschulsky)成虫与若虫均以刺吸口器刺进水稻叶片组织内吸取叶汁和叶绿素,被害初期,叶片上出现零星小白点,随后出现长短不一的点状白色斑条,受害严重的稻叶上满布白色斑纹,叶绿素丧失,叶片干萎。在稻叶蝉中除一点小叶蝉被害状出现小白点外,其他叶蝉为害水稻时,并不直接破坏叶绿素,亦不呈现白色斑纹,而是直接吸食叶液,使禾苗发黄而死。因而纠正了过去认为黑尾叶蝉、白翅叶蝉为害水稻后,都会造成叶片出现白色或褐色斑纹的报道。白翅叶蝉在湖南一年发生三代,在晚稻收割后以成虫迁向麦田、杂草等场所越冬,因其寿命很长,故长期不同世代交错。白翅叶蝉除为害水稻外,在初冬与早春还为害冬小麦。近年在湖南及我国南方部分稻区有回升趋势。 相似文献
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水稻病虫危害损失和防治效益评估研究初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2005-2008年笔者在早稻、晚稻生长期间进行防治与不防治对比试验。分析试验数据得出:全程不防治平均减产51.26%,常规防治平均增产113.14%,常规防治平均收益4498.58元/hm2,比全程不防治增86.12%,平均投入产出比1:5.18。拟合出单虫或单病在定局时的发生量(或发生率)与其危害损失之间的线性回归模型:稻飞虱每丛虫量(X)与损失率(Y)之间关系式为Y=8.7654+0.0881X;稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率(X)与损失率(Y)之间关系式为Y=1.9341+0.2851X;二化螟发生率(X)与损失率(Y)之间关系式为Y=1.4182+1.0407X;稻瘟病白穗率(X)与损失率(Y)之间关系式为Y=0.3765+0.9004X;纹枯病病株率(X)与损失率(Y)之间关系式为Y=-2.4469+0.2829X,相关分析均达极显著水平。 相似文献
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Deepwater rice has a distinctive pest complex due to prolonged deep flooding, extended growth duration and a complex environment. Flooding smothers weeds, prevents population buildups of some pests and diseases, and stimulates new growth which may compensate for early damage. Major pests are adapted to these aquatic conditions and exploit the succulent growth and mild weather extremes of this period.In Asia, yellow stem borer causes widespread damage by producing a loss of bearing stems, and lighter or empty panicles. No appropriate measures are known and control of this major pest is a daunting challenge. Stem nematode severely damages rice in several areas but varietal resistance is effective. Rats and hispa beetle are also injurious and many lesser pests are known. In West Africa's smaller Deepwater rice area, stem borers, leafeaters, birds and rats are damaging but their effect on yield is obscure. Farmers commonly employ cultural control methods, and insecticides are used in some areas but diseases are not treated. Pesticide use is restricted by application difficulties, contamination concerns and the low value of the crop. In Asia and Africa wild rices, grasses and sedges compete fiercely with rice before flooding; herbicides are not generally used but many farmers hand weed though the extent of yield loss is poorly understood.Pest management research in deepwater rice is difficult because of the nature of the agroecosystem. Most research has been carried out in Asia but the volume has seriously declined over the last decade. 相似文献
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Sublethal effects of four insecticides on the reproduction and wing formation of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a major rice pest in many parts of Asia. Neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and dinotefuran are widely used for control of this pest, and resistance to these insecticides has developed in recent years. This pest has also been widely exposed to triazophos and fenvalerate, although these insecticides are not used for the control of the pest directly. Here, the effects of sublethal doses of these four insecticides on the reproduction and wing formation in BPH were examined. RESULTS: Imidacloprid and dinotefuran reduced the fecundity of BPH to 68.8% and 52.4% in macropterous families, and to 57.9% and 43.1% in brachypterous families, when compared with the untreated controls. By contrast, triazophos and fenvalerate increased fecundity. In both macropterous and brachypterous families, sublethal doses of imidacloprid and dinotefuran showed significant induction of macropterous adults. CONCLUSION: Imidacloprid and dinotefuran could reduce the fecundity of BPH to a significant extent, demonstrating further activity against this pest in addition to their direct toxicity. The significant induction of macropterous adults by sublethal doses of imidacloprid and dinotefuran is of importance in the management of this pest, particularly in the areas of predicting the size of emigrating populations and the numbers of insects likely to occur in newly colonized areas. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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水稻白背飞虱为害损失测定及防治指标研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
白背飞虱种群发展与生态研究协作组 《植物保护学报》1992,19(2):139-144
白背飞虱〔Sogatella furcifera(Horvath)〕是80年代以来我国最重要的害虫之一,白背飞虱种群发展与生态研究协作组组织全国9个单位于1986—1989年开展的为害损失测定及防治指标研究的结果表明,受害稻株谷粒千粒重下降,空瘪率增加,在前中期受害其稻穗总粒数和有效穗数减少;杂交稻受害后表现出较强的耐害和自身补偿能力;白背飞虱与褐飞虱混合种群为害时,产量损失大于单一白背飞虱种群为害时的损失。根据虫量与产量损失的预测模型,结合现行稻谷价格,产量水平,防治费用,经济效益以及天敌和防治风险等因素,本文提出了我国多数稻区现阶段白背飞虱允许为害损失率和不同稻区、不同生产水平的经济防治指标。 相似文献
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为掌握我国水稻各产区害虫的发生形势和防控现状,为分区域治理提供科学依据,本文分析了11年来水稻五大产区(华中稻区、西南稻区、华南稻区、东北稻区和华北稻区)的二化螟、三化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、褐飞虱、白背飞虱和灰飞虱的发生及防控情况,并进行了差异比较分析。结果显示:二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、褐飞虱和白背飞虱是我国水稻的主要害虫。五大产区的害虫发生情况不同,二化螟在东北稻区、西南稻区和华北稻区整体发生较重;“两迁”害虫(稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱)在华中稻区、华南稻区和西南稻区发生较重。水稻病虫害防控主要通过化学防治,应进一步提升物理防治和生物防治比重,推进水稻绿色防控技术的普及应用。 相似文献
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