Characterization of geosmin as source of earthy odor in different aroma type Chinese liquors

Earthy odor is one of the most frequent and serious causes for the aroma deterioration in Chinese liquor, which causes a dirty and dusty impression. The odor in Chinese liquor is similar to that of rice husk, one kind of auxiliary material widely used as a filler in the distillation process. So it is experientially hypothesized that such odor may derive from rice husk. In this paper, the gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) technique and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to discover and identify the characteristic odoriferous zone of Chinese liquor marked by earthy odor. Geosmin was found to be responsible for this odor. The levels of the compound in ten bottled liquors and thirty liquors aging for different years belonging to four different aroma types were determined by the optimized headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method. Quantitative analysis of bottled liquor revealed the presence of geosmin in all aroma type liquors with concentrations ranging from 1.10 μg/L to 9.90 μg/L, except for strong-aroma type liquor. Meanwhile in the aged liquors belonging to the same aroma type, geosmin was detected with significant concentrations and high odor activity values (OAVs) during different years of aging. However, geosmin was not detected in steamed rice husk nor in nonsteamed rice husk, which suggests that rice husk is not the origin of earthy odor in Chinese liquor, and there may be another origin of it during the brewing process.     

水蜜桃酒速酿酵母菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

为获得快速酿造水蜜桃酒的专用酵母菌株,生产优质水蜜桃酒,以水蜜桃自然发酵醪为筛菌原料,通过TTC显色法与杜氏小管法初筛;再经耐酒精能力、发酵速度与产酒能力以及发酵液风味分析与感官评定三级复筛,获得了优质高效的酿酒酵母菌PY01(Saccharomyces cerevisiae PY01);并以初始pH值、主发酵温度、酵母接种量为自变量,以酒精度为响应值作酿酒工艺的响应面优化。结果表明,PY01菌株发酵水蜜桃酒最适发酵参数为初始pH 值3.9,发酵温度26℃,酵母接种量6.2%。在此条件下发酵可得到酒精度为12.78% vol,总糖含量为6.71 g·L^-1,风味纯正,口感醇厚,典型性的半干型水蜜桃发酵酒。本研究结果为水蜜桃发酵酿酒产业菌种的选择与工艺优化提供了基础。     

利用响应面法优化石榴酒发酵工艺条件

攀枝花的石榴品种繁多,籽粒味甜汁多,为了充分利用这一优势资源,本文进行石榴酒发酵,并对其发酵工艺利用响应面分析法进行优化。以酒精度为指标,考虑发酵温度、二氧化硫添加量、酵母接种量对石榴酒发酵酒精度的影响,然后根据中心组合030x—Benhnken）原理采用三因素三水平的分析法,依据回归确定各工艺条件的影响因素,以石榴酒发酵酒精度为响应面和等高线,分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用,结果表明优化得到石榴酒发酵的最佳工艺条件为二氧化硫添加量51．3mg／kg,酵母菌接种量5．33％,发酵温度24．98℃,酒酒精度的理论值为9．58％。通过响应面分析优化发酵工艺,为今后石榴酒发酵的更进一步开发提供一定的理论依据。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵液处理提高辣椒采后品质

为了解解淀粉芽孢杆菌 strain-L 发酵液对辣椒采后保鲜效果,以不同辣椒品种（海青椒、红尖椒）为试材,研究了strain-L发酵液对辣椒保鲜效果的影响。体内体外试验结果表明不同浓度strain-L发酵液对链格孢菌具有较好的抑菌效果。损伤接种25℃下贮藏7 d,strain-L的发酵液对海青椒和红尖椒都具有明显的防腐效果,海青椒的腐烂率与无菌水相比下降了51.87%,红尖椒的腐烂率与无菌水相比下降了58.54%。非损伤接种9℃下贮藏24 d,strain-L发酵液对不同辣椒品种的保鲜效果存在差异,在整个贮藏期间,strain-L发酵液处理可降低辣椒采后腐烂率,明显优于无菌水组。贮藏24 d后,青椒发酵液处理和保鲜液处理的腐烂率分别为37.5%、32.50%,与无菌水组相比,分别降低了35%和40%。红尖椒的发酵液处理和保鲜液处理的腐烂率分别为29.63%、24.14%,与无菌水组相比降低了34.19%、28.70%,不同品种间,发酵液处理组和保鲜液处理组的腐烂程度不同,且在整个贮藏期间,strain-L发酵液延缓了果实内还原糖含量、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和VC含量的降低,保持了辣椒较稳定的色泽和质构。strain-L发酵液在保持辣椒较好的商品价值、感官品质以及营养价值方面获得了较好的贮藏效果,为采后生物防控与保鲜提供理论依据和技术方法。     

Headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-olfactometry dilution analysis of young and aged Chinese "Yanghe Daqu" liquors

The aroma compounds of young and aged Chinese "Yanghe Daqu" liquor samples were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-olfactometry dilution analysis. The original liquor samples were diluted with deionized water to give a final alcohol content of 14% (v/v). The samples were stepwise diluted (1:1) with 14% (by volume) ethanol-water solution and then extracted by headspace SPME. The samples were preequilibrated at 50 degrees C for 15 min and extracted with stirring at the same temperature for 30 min prior to injection into GC. The aroma compounds were identified by both GC-MS and GC-olfactometry using DB-Wax and DB-5 columns. The results suggested that esters were the major contributors to Yanghe Daqu liquor aroma. Ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, and ethyl pentanoate had very high flavor dilution values in both young and aged liquors (FD > 8192). Methyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl benzoate, and butyl hexanoate could also be very important because of their high flavor dilution values (FD > or = 256). Moreover, two acetals, 1,1-diethoxyethane and 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane, also were shown high flavor dilution values in Yanghe Daqu liquors (FD > or = 256). Other aroma compounds having moderate flavor dilution values included acetaldehyde, 3-methylbutanol, and 2-pentanol (FD > or = 32). Comparing young and aged liquors, the aroma profiles were similar, but the aroma compounds in the aged sample had higher flavor dilution values than in the young ones.     

Fermentation Reduces Free Asparagine in Dough and Acrylamide Content in Bread

Free asparagine is an important precursor for acrylamide in cereal products. The content of free asparagine was determined in 11 milling fractions from wheat and rye. Whole grain wheat flour contained 0.5 g/kg and whole grain rye flour 1.1 g/kg. The lowest content was found in sifted wheat flour (0.2 g/kg). Wheat germ had the highest content (4.9 g/kg). Fermentation (baker's yeast or baker's yeast and sourdough) of doughs made with the different milling fractions was performed to investigate whether the content of free asparagine was reduced by this process. In general, most of the asparagine was utilized after 2 hr of fermentation with yeast. Sourdough fermentation, on the other hand, did not reduce the content of free asparagineas efficiently but had a strong negative impact on asparagine utilization by yeast. This indicates that this type of fermentation may result in breads with higher acrylamide content than in breads fermented with yeast only. The effect of fermentation time on acrylamide formation inyeast‐leavened bread was studied in a model system. Doughs (sifted wheat flour with whole grain wheat flour or rye bran) were fermented for a short (15+15 min) or a long time (180+180 min). Compared with short fermentation time, longer fermentation reduced acrylamide content in bread made with whole grain wheat 87%. For breads made with rye bran, the corresponding reduction was 77%. Hence, extensive fermentation with yeast may be one possible way to reduce acrylamide content in bread.     

Purification of xylitol obtained by fermentation of corncob hydrolysates

Hydrolysates obtained by autohydrolysis-posthydrolysis of corncobs were detoxified with charcoal, concentrated, supplemented with nutrients, and fermented with Debaryomyces hansenii. After biomass removal, the fermented media contained 0.1137 kg of nonvolatile components (NVC)/kg of liquor, which corresponded mainly to xylitol (0.6249 kg/kg of NVC) but also to minor amounts of inorganic components (measured as ashes), proteins, nonfermented sugars (xylose and arabinose), uronic acids, arabitol, and other nonvolatile components (ONVC). The media were subjected to further processing (sequential stages of adsorption, concentration, ethanol precipitation, concentration, and crystallization) to obtain food-grade xylitol. Adsorption experiments were carried out at various solid-to-liquor ratios. Under selected conditions (1 kg of charcoal/15 kg of liquors), the xylitol content increased to 0.6873 kg/kg of NVC, and almost total decoloration was achieved. The resulting liquor was concentrated by evaporation to increase its NVC content to 0.4032 kg/kg of liquor (corresponding to a xylitol concentration of 0.280 kg/kg of liquor), and ethanol was added to precipitate a part of the NVC (mainly proteins, but also uronic acids, ashes, and other nonvolatile compounds). Refined liquors (containing 0.7303 kg of xylitol/kg of NVC) were concentrated again, and ethanol was added (to reach 40-60% volume of the stream) to allow crystallization at -10 or -5 degrees C. Under selected conditions, 43.7% of xylitol contained in the initial fermentation broth was recovered in well-formed, homogeneous crystals, in which xylitol accounted for 98.9% of the total oven-dry weight. Material balances are presented for the whole processing scheme considered in this work.     

主成分分析法优选枸杞乳酸菌发酵饮品发酵剂

乳酸菌发酵作为果蔬汁的一种绿色加工技术,不仅可以赋予产品独特的风味,还可以转化其中的活性物质,提高产品的营养价值和保健功效。该研究以湖北杂交枸杞为原料,使用6种乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌及发酵乳杆菌)进行发酵,研究发酵前后枸杞果汁理化特性、主要活性成分及体外抗氧化变化,并利用主成分分析进行综合评价优选出理想的发酵菌株。结果表明,6种乳酸菌在枸杞果汁中生长良好,活菌数均能达到10.0 lg CFU/mL以上。发酵后的枸杞果汁中总糖和还原糖含量显著降低(P0.05),且植物乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌产酸能力更强,发酵后总酸含量达6.74、6.07g/kg。与未发酵枸杞果汁相比,经植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌发酵的枸杞果汁中总酚含量增加了13.76%～28.07%,而嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌发酵后无显著性差异(P0.05)。6种乳酸菌发酵后枸杞果汁中总黄酮含量增加了55.80%～161.97%。发酵枸杞果汁的抗氧化活性与发酵前相比均有显著提高(P0.05)。基于主成分分析的综合评价函数显示经植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌发酵的枸杞果汁品质更优,适宜作为开发枸杞高值化绿色加工饮品的发酵剂。     

Cooking,Roasting, and Fermentation of Chickpeas,Lentils, Peas,and Soybeans for Fortification of Leavened Bread

The effects of cooking, roasting, and fermentation on the composition and protein properties of grain legumes and the characteristics of dough and bread incorporated with legume flours were determined to identify an appropriate pretreatment. Oligosaccharide content of legumes was reduced by 76.2–96.9% by fermentation, 44.0–64.0% by roasting, and 28.4–70.1% by cooking. Cooking and roasting decreased protein solubility but improved in vitro protein digestibility. Mixograph absorption of wheat and legume flour blends increased from 50–52% for raw legumes to 68–76, 62–64, and 74–80% for cooked, roasted, and fermented ones, respectively. Bread dough with cooked or roasted legume flour was less sticky than that with raw or fermented legume flour. Loaf volume of bread baked from wheat and raw or roasted legume flour blends with or without gluten addition was consistently highest for chickpeas, less for peas and lentils, and lowest for soybeans. Roasted legume flour exhibited more appealing aroma and greater loaf volume of bread than cooked legume flour, and it appears to be the most appropriate preprocessing method for incorporation into bread.     

腌制叶用芥菜发酵菌分离鉴定及应用研究

为获得发酵性能优良的菌株,生产优质的发酵叶用芥菜,本研究从自然发酵的芥菜中分离发酵用菌株,通过测定乳酸菌的生长、产酸和亚硝酸盐降解能力以及酵母菌的产气、产酯能力和蛋白酶活性等发酵特性进行筛选,并对筛选获得的优良发酵菌加以应用。结果表明,筛选获得的2株乳酸菌L8短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)、L9植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)和1株酵母菌Y9酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)在腌制叶用芥菜中的发酵性能优良。与自然发酵的叶用芥菜相比,接菌发酵叶用芥菜的pH值和亚硝酸盐含量分别减少了2.22%和88.13%;总酸含量、氨基酸态氮含量分别增加了9.02%和28.09%。接菌发酵提高了腌制芥菜的营养品质和安全性。本研究丰富了叶用芥菜的发酵菌种,为蔬菜发酵加工产业奠定了技术基础。     

清酒乳杆菌固态发酵鳓鱼过程中的品质变化

为研究清酒乳杆菌固态发酵鳓鱼过程中品质的变化,以促进传统发酵水产品标准化生产中品质控制水平的提高,本研究综合测定了鳓鱼发酵过程中的理化、色度和质构等常规指标,采用电子舌技术对滋味特性进行分析,对感官品质进行了人工评价,并对各指标之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,在鳓鱼发酵过程中,pH值先下降后上升,最小值为4.88,水分含量减少,总酸度先升高后下降,最大值为13.4 g·kg-1,氨基酸态氮(ANN)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量增加;内聚性、硬度和咀嚼性均先上升后下降,第9天达到最大值,分别为0.6、437.4 g和217.8 g,弹性和回复性持续下降;鳓鱼色泽变化显著(P0.01),L*值先升高后下降,a*值先下降后上升,b*值持续上升,逐渐呈现黄亮的发酵色泽。基于电子舌技术的滋味特性分析表明,发酵过程中主要形成酸味、苦味、甜味和复合滋味等,而鲜味和咸味的成分较少,且构建的主成分分析模型可明显区分不同发酵时间的样本。对感官品质的人工综合评价在第9天达到最大值(72.8)。综上所述,清酒乳杆菌固态发酵过程中,发酵鳓鱼的理化、质构、色度和滋味品质存在一定关联性,各指标在发酵中期达到最佳,发酵周期以9 d为宜,这为发酵水产品加工提供了一定的理论依据。     

Protein Quality and Physical Characteristics of Kisra (Fermented Sorghum Pancake‐like Flatbread) Made from Tannin and Non‐Tannin Sorghum Cultivars

Kisra is a naturally lactic acid bacteria‐ and yeast‐fermented sorghum thin pancake‐like flatbread produced in Sudan. Kisra has considerable potential as the basis for development of a gluten‐free sandwich wrap. To help direct cultivar selection for commercial production of these products, two white, tan plant non‐tannin Type I, one white Type II tannin, and one red Type III tannin sorghum cultivars were evaluated with respect to kisra protein quality and physical characteristics. Kisra from the non‐tannin sorghums were flexible and had an open‐textured structure with many regular gas cells, whereas those from the tannin sorghums were more brittle, denser in structure, and contained far fewer and smaller gas cells. Kisra from the tannin sorghums had the lowest reactive lysine content, in vitro protein digestibility, and Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Score (PDCAAS), with values being lowest for the Type III sorghum. PDCAAS of kisra from the Type III sorghum was only 0.12, less than half of that from the Type I sorghums. As the tannins in tannin sorghums adversely affect kisra protein quality and physical characteristics, white tan plant, non‐tannin sorghum cultivars are most suitable for kisra production and for development of wrap‐type sorghum‐based baked goods.     

Evaluation of Waxy Grain Sorghum for Ethanol Production

The objective of this research was to investigate the fermentation performance of waxy grain sorghum for ethanol production. Twenty‐five waxy grain sorghum varieties were evaluated with a laboratory dry‐grind procedure. Total starch and amylose contents were measured following colorimetric procedures. Total starch and amylose contents ranged from 65.4 to 76.3% and from 5.5 to 7.3%, respectively. Fermentation efficiencies were in the range of 86.0–92.2%, corresponding to ethanol yields of 2.61–3.03 gallons/bushel. The advantages of using waxy sorghums for ethanol production include easier gelatinization and low viscosity during liquefaction, higher starch and protein digestibility, higher free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, and shorter fermentation times. The results showed a strong linear relationship between FAN content and fermentation rate. Fermentation rate increased as FAN content increased, especially during the first 30 hr of fermentation (R² = 0.90). Total starch content in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) was less than 1% for all waxy varieties.     

固态发酵玉米秸秆的菌株组合和发酵条件研究

为了提高玉米秸秆的综合利用效率,降低对环境的污染,保护生态环境,利用正交试验法研究了固态发酵氨化玉米秸秆生产饲料蛋白工艺中菌株组合、发酵温度和发酵时间对发酵产物真蛋白含量的影响。结果表明,发酵温度对发酵产物真蛋白含量具有显著影响（P〈0.05）,发酵时间、发酵温度与发酵时间之间的交互作用对发酵产物真蛋白含量具有极显著影响（P〈0.01）。最佳菌株组合为青霉和葱色串孢,最佳发酵条件为发酵温度25℃、发酵时间5 d。在最佳菌株组合和最佳发酵条件下,玉米秸秆经氨水氨化和固态发酵后真蛋白含量由2.05%提高到29.66%,比原料本身的真蛋白含量提高了13倍多;粗蛋白含量由2.80%提高到35.41%,比原料本身的粗蛋白含量高提高了11倍多。     

有机废液对镉污染土壤上白菜生长和镉积累影响

为探究有机废液在镉污染土壤施用对作物生长和环境健康风险的影响，该研究针对豌豆发酵液、玉米浆浓缩液、鸡粪浓缩沼液、糖蜜液和氨基酸母液5种价格低廉且在农业中应用广泛的有机废液，通过盆栽试验分析了施用2 ml/kg的5种有机废液对白菜生长与镉吸收的影响，并从白菜光合作用及抗氧化酶活性等角度进行了效果对比研究。结果表明，除氨基酸母液处理外，豌豆发酵液、玉米浆浓缩液、鸡粪浓缩沼液、糖蜜液处理较对照均可显著增加镉胁迫下白菜叶片净光合速率（P<0.05），促进白菜生长，其中施用玉米浆浓缩液分别使白菜地上部和地下部干质量提高了21.66%和68.75%。与对照相比，施用玉米浆浓缩液使白菜地上部的镉浓度降低了22.06%，并显著提高了白菜超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性（P<0.05），糖蜜液和氨基酸母液处理没有降低白菜镉浓度。施用玉米浆浓缩液、鸡粪浓缩沼液、糖蜜液和氨基酸母液均可显著降低白菜丙二醛含量（P<0.05），提高土壤有效态镉含量。综上，5种有机废液对镉污染条件下白菜生长和镉吸收转运的影响不同，玉米浆浓缩液促进白菜生长并减少镉积累效果最好，氨基酸母液效果最差。     

混菌发酵黑青稞甜醅工艺优化及品质特性研究

为改善单一菌株发酵制备青稞甜醅的风味与口感,提高其质量品质,本试验采用米根霉和酵母菌为发酵菌株,以氨基酸态氮含量及感官评分为指标,确定混菌发酵黑青稞甜醅的最佳工艺条件,并比较单一菌株发酵黑青稞制品与混菌发酵黑青稞制品中酚类物质含量、抗氧化活性及风味物质组成的差异。结果表明,混菌发酵黑青稞制品最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度33℃,发酵时间48 h,菌种比例(酵母菌J7∶米根霉)1∶1.20,接种量6.81%,在此条件下混菌发酵黑青稞制品的氨基酸态氮含量为9.32 mg·100 g^-1,感官评分为95.48分。与单一菌株发酵黑青稞制品相比,混菌发酵黑青稞的黄酮含量(32.22 mg·100 g^-1)、 多酚含量(230.68 mg·100 g^-1)及DPPH自由基清除能力(95.03 μmol·L^-1)显著提高。气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析结果表明,酵母菌单独发酵的黑青稞中共检出33种挥发性风味物质,米根霉单独发酵的黑青稞中共检出41种挥发性风味物质,混菌发酵的黑青稞中共检出46种挥发性风味物质,其中酯类和醇类是3种发酵方式黑青稞制品的主要风味组分。混菌发酵黑青稞的醇类、酯类和酸类种类及含量均显著高于其余两种发酵方式,其相对含量分别达到59.09%、29.44%和6.46%,风味更丰富。综上分析,混菌发酵使黑青稞制品在功能及风味方面具有一定的优势。本研究结果为混菌发酵黑青稞制品的开发和应用奠定了基础。     

Characterization of pyrazines in some Chinese liquors and their approximate concentrations

Pyrazines are very important impact aroma compounds in Chinese liquors. The identification of pyrazine derivatives was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The liquor sample was adjusted to the H(+) concentration of 1 N with 12 N HCl and then concentrated by rotatory evaporator under vacuum condition. The concentrated liquor was extracted by diethyl ether, and the residual aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 10. The basic compounds were detected and identified by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 27 pyrazines were identified in Chinese liquors, mainly alkyl- and acetylpyrazines. A method for determining pyrazines in Chinese liquors was developed. It involves extraction by headspace (HS) solid phase microextraction (SPME) and determination using GC-flame thermionic detector (FTD). The optimum method was that the sample alcohol concentration was diluted to 12% vol by freshly redistilled-deionized water, and the diluted samples were saturated with NaCl and equilibrated at 50 degrees C for 15 min and extracted for 30 min at the same temperature. The developed method enabled detection limits of <200 ng/L. Linearity (R(2) > 0.99) and recovery rate were satisfied in all cases. Pyrazines of 12 commercial typical Chinese liquors were quantified by HS-SPME followed by GC-FTD and had a wide range of concentration.     

酵母发酵法改善沙丁鱼蛋白酶解液风味与品质的研究

为研究长孢洛德酵母对鱼蛋白酶解液风味与品质的改善作用,本试验以远东拟沙丁鱼酶解液为原料进行发酵,采用电子鼻主成分分析(PCA)法判断不同发酵条件下产物风味物质的差异,以感官评价及氨基酸态氮含量为指标,通过正交试验优化其发酵条件,对发酵产物进行游离氨基酸组成分析和必需氨基酸营养评价,并利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IM...     

茶叶籽贮藏时间对毛油产率与质量的影响

为了揭示茶叶籽贮藏时间对发酵法茶叶籽毛油产率与质量的影响,每2周从贮藏的茶叶籽中取样,利用茶叶籽油发酵法生产工艺进行茶叶籽毛油生产,并对工艺中各项剩余物的含油量及毛油的重要质量指标进行了测定,结果如下。室温条件下,茶叶籽贮藏47周后,毛油产率下降了23.5%、酸值及过氧化值分别升高了44.88%及69.4%,毛油色泽基本没有变化。滤渣、发酵沉淀的质量分别升高了20.27%及23.35%;淀粉、油渣质量分别降低了6.13%及3.64%。滤渣、发酵沉淀、淀粉及油渣含油率分别升高了15.63%、22.77%、206%及12.88%。发酵沉淀质量对毛油产率的影响是正向的,淀粉、油渣及滤渣质量对毛油产率的影响是负向的;发酵沉淀及滤渣含油率对毛油产率的影响是正向的,淀粉及油渣含油量对毛油产率的影响是负向的,影响大小的排序为:油渣淀粉滤渣发酵沉淀。综合分析表明,滤渣是通过滤渣质量的增加导致毛油产率随贮藏时间下降的,其下降作用的贡献占全部下降因素的79.28%。贮藏47周后的茶叶籽仁,利用发酵法生产工艺仍然具有毛油生产价值。该研究可为茶叶籽油合理生产提供理论支撑。     

Fermented Wheat Bran as a Functional Ingredient in Baking

The aim of the current study was to identify factors influencing the technological functionality of fermented bran. The influences of fermentation type and type of wheat bran on the microbial community, bioactivity, arabinoxylans (AX), and activity of xylanases were studied in the bran ferments. Furthermore, technological quality of ferments was established by using them to replace wheat in baking with a 20% substitution level. Solubilization of AX and endogenous xylanase activity of bran were influenced by the type of bran, fermentation type, and conditions. Peeled bran had a clearly reduced microbial load and different microbial community in comparison to native bran. Bran from peeled kernels contained 10‐fold lower activities of endogenous xylanases in comparison to native bran. Yeast fermentation of bran from peeled kernels increased the level of folates (+40%), free phenolic acids (+500%), and soluble AX (+60%). Bread containing yeast‐fermented peeled bran had improved volume (+10–15%) and crumb softness (25–35% softer) in comparison to unfermented counterparts. Solubilization of AX during the 20 hr fermentation and decreased endogenous xylanase activity are proposed as the main reasons for the improved technological functionality of fermented bran.