贵州喀斯特山区猕猴桃光合特性研究

为探明红阳、金艳、早黄金以及海沃德猕猴桃在贵州省喀斯特山区的光合日变化特征,试验采用Li-6400XT光合仪测定了其叶幕微环境及光合生理指标。结果表明:4个品种猕猴桃叶片净光合速率、气孔导度以及蒸腾速率日变化都呈现双峰曲线,净光合速率、气孔导度曲线的2个峰值均分别出现在10:00和16:00,蒸腾速率曲线2个峰值分别出现在12:00和16:00,光合"午休"现象较为明显,胞间CO2浓度日变化大致呈"U"形曲线;在喀斯特山区,猕猴桃叶片净光合速率在早、晚时段主要受光合有效辐射的限制,而午间则受叶幕温度和叶幕空气相对湿度的影响,且第1个峰值出现的时间较常态地貌提前2 h。在4个猕猴桃品种中,红阳叶片净光合速率日间均值最高,但其净光合速率在光合"午休"时较上午峰值的降幅比其他3个品种大,光合"午休"程度较深。在喀斯特山区夏季高温干旱条件下,要注意对猕猴桃进行水分补充及合理遮阴。     

欧李叶片秋季光合作用日变化研究

利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统测定了2a生欧李叶片秋季光合生理生态特性及环境因子日变化,并采用相关分析和逐步回归法探讨了欧李叶片净光合速率的主要影响因子。结果表明:欧李净光合速率(Pn)日变化曲线为双峰型,第1峰(峰值为7.96μmol.m-2.s-1)出现在10:00左右,第2峰(峰值为6.26μmol.m-2.s-1)出现于15:00左右,具有一定程度的光合"午休"现象。欧李Pn与气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)以及光合有效辐射(PAR)显著正相关,而与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及空气相对湿度(RH)显著负相关。其光合"午休"现象原因主要为气孔关闭引起的气孔限制因素。Gs与Ci为影响欧李Pn的关键因子,Gs影响最大、Ci次之。     

冬枣叶片光合速率及生理生态因子日变化研究

2011年8月27日,利用CI-340手持式光合作用测定系统(美国CID公司)测定冬枣叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、光合有效辐射强度、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等生理生态因子。结果表明,冬枣叶片净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,有明显的"午休"现象;蒸腾速率、气孔导度日变化趋势与净光合速率日变化趋势相似;胞间CO2浓度日变化与净光合速率日变化趋势相反,呈倒双峰曲线;光合有效辐射强度日变化呈典型的单峰曲线,水分利用效率日变化趋势与之相反,呈倒单峰曲线。净光合速率与气孔导度呈极显著正相关,与蒸腾速率、水分利用效率呈显著正相关;水分利用效率与气孔导度呈显著正相关,与光合有效辐射强度呈显著负相关。净光合速率与光合有效辐射强度、胞间CO2浓度相关性不显著。     

滇中高原地区设施栽培不同葡萄品种光合特性研究

为了探究滇中高原地区设施葡萄的光合特性,以楚雄地区"藤稔""夏黑""巨玫瑰"3个鲜食性葡萄品种叶片为试材,对其净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)的日变化以及不同冠层光合参数的变化规律进行了分析。同时,对3个葡萄品种的光合-光响应曲线参数进行了研究。结果表明:3个葡萄品种的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均呈现先高后低的趋势,在10:00—12:00呈现最高值,在16:00—18:00降到最低值;"夏黑"和"藤稔"葡萄的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率高于"巨玫瑰",三者的净光合速率在16:00下降到最低值;不同葡萄品种下层葡萄叶片的净光合速率和气孔导度值显著低于中上层,而中层和上层叶片差异不显著;"巨玫瑰"葡萄的初始量子效率测定值显著低于"夏黑"和"藤稔",三者通过拟合获得光饱和点值均显著低于测定值。     

不同辣椒品种光合日变化及影响因子分析

为了探明不同基因型辣椒间的光合日变化情况,进一步指导辣椒的育种与栽培,测定了4个辣椒品种的光合日变化曲线。结果表明,4个辣椒品种净光合速率均呈双峰曲线变化,但峰值的大小及峰值出现的时间因品种不同而表现出一定差异;在所考察的8个影响因子中,气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶片温度和光合有效辐射与净光合速率呈极显著正相关,胞间CO2浓度和空气CO2浓度与净光合速率极显著负相关。     

红富士苹果叶片净光合速率与生理生态因子的关系

采用LI-6400型便携式CO_2气体分析仪于春季4月测定红富士苹果成熟叶片的净光合速率日变化,探讨净光合速率与生态、生理因子间的关系。结果表明,红富士苹果叶片的净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,高峰值分别在10:00时和14:00时,具有光合"午休"现象。在气温25℃左右下,影响红富士叶片净光合速率的主要生态因子是光合有效辐射,当光合有效辐射高于1420μmol/m~2·s时,净光合速率开始受抑制;主要生理因子是气孔导度和蒸腾速率,净光合速率均与之呈正相关。     

核桃两种树形光合荧光特性的比较

以4年生‘温185号’核桃为试材,比较了主干形与自然开心形2种树形核桃的光合及荧光特性差异。结果表明:2种树形核桃净光合速率(Pn)日变化、蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化、气孔导度(Gs)日变化均呈不对称"双峰"曲线,净光合速率(Pn)日变化峰值分别出现在10:00与16:00左右,且首次峰值比第2次峰值分别高61.29%、51.75%,最大净光合速率分别为主干形15.22μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),自然开心形14.39μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),14:00出现明显"午休"现象;胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)日变化在净光合速率降低时反而呈现升高趋势;2种树形核桃初始荧光(Fo)与荧光淬灭系数(qP)存在显著相关性。     

贵州野生毛葡萄光合特性比较

利用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对贵州野生毛葡萄光合参数进行测定.结果表明:毛葡萄不同株系叶片净光合速率日变化、蒸腾速率日变化和气孔导度日变化有双峰与单峰曲线2种类型;而胞间CO2浓度日变化呈不明显"W"型曲线.由于原产与花江地区的毛葡萄不同株系具有极强的适应性,在育种上应充分利用.     

香梨不同生长期光合特性日变化研究

以20a树龄的库尔勒香梨为试材,在田间条件下,利用CIRAS-2型光合仪对库尔勒香梨不同生长期(坐果期和膨果期)光合特性日变化进行了测定。结果表明:香梨叶片净光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,具有光合"午休"现象;气孔导度和气孔限制值日变化与净光合速率日变化基本保持一致,呈双峰型;胞间CO2浓度日变化与净光合速率相反,呈双谷型;蒸腾速率日变化曲线呈单峰型;水分利用效率日变化则呈单谷型。不同生长期香梨光合特性有明显差异,膨果期香梨叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和气孔限制值都比坐果期高,胞间CO2浓度比坐果期低。水分利用效率在1d之内有明显差异,11:30～13:30时膨果期低于坐果期,15:30～19:30时膨果期高于坐果期。     

野生苋菜光合日变化及与环境因子的相关性研究

在自然生长条件下测定了野生苋菜的光合速率和蒸腾速率及环境因子的日变化规律,并分析了光合速率、蒸腾速率与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化呈"单峰"曲线,光合速率的峰值出现在12:00左右,蒸腾速率的峰值比光合速率的峰值晚2 h,出现在14:00左右。苋菜的Pn与PAR、Ta、Gs呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01),与Ca呈显著的正相关(P<0.05),与RH呈负相关。苋菜的Tr与Ta呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01),与RH呈极显著的负相关(P<0.01),与PAR、Gs、Ca呈显著的正相关(P<0.05)。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.